False Vacuum Transitions - Analytical Solutions and Decay Rate Values

In this work we show a class of oscillating configurations for the evolution of the domain walls in Euclidean space. The solutions are obtained analytically. Phase transitions are achieved from the associated fluctuation determinant, by the decay rates of the false vacuum.Comment: 6 pages, improved to match the final version to appear in EP

Information-Entropic for Travelling Solitons in Lorentz and CPT Breaking Systems

In this work we group three research topics apparently disconnected, namely solitons, Lorentz symmetry breaking and entropy. Following a recent work [Phys. Lett. B 713 (2012) 304], we show that it is possible to construct in the context of travelling wave solutions a configurational entropy measure in functional space, from the field configurations. Thus, we investigate the existence and properties of travelling solitons in Lorentz and CPT breaking scenarios for a class of models with two interacting scalar fields. Here, we obtain a complete set of exact solutions for the model studied which display both double and single-kink configurations. In fact, such models are very important in applications that include Bloch branes, Skyrmions, Yang-Mills, Q-balls, oscillons and various superstring-motivated theories. We find that the so-called Configurational Entropy (CE) for travelling solitons, which we name as travelling Configurational Entropy (TCE), shows that the best value of parameter responsible to break the Lorentz symmetry is one where the energy density is distributed equally around the origin. In this way, the information-theoretical measure of travelling solitons in Lorentz symmetry violation scenarios opens a new window to probe situations where the parameters responsible for breaking the symmetries are random. In this case, the TCE selects the best value

D-Oscillons in the Standard Model-Extension

In this work we investigate the consequences of the Lorentz symmetry violation on extremely long-living, time-dependent, and spatially localized field configurations, named oscillons. This is accomplished in ($D+1$) dimensions for two interacting scalar field theories in the so-called Standard Model-Extension context. We show that $D$-dimensional scalar field lumps can present a typical size $R_{\min }\ll R_{KK}$, where $R_{KK}$ is the associated length scale of extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein theories. Here, the size $R_{\min }$ is shown to strongly depend on the terms that control the Lorentz violation of the theory. This implies either contraction or dilation of the average radius $R_{\min}$, and a new rule for its composition, likewise. Moreover, we show that the spatial dimensions for existence of oscillating lumps have an upper limit, opening new possibilities to probe the existence of a $D$ -dimensional oscillons at TeV energy scale. Moreover, in a cosmological scenario with Lorentz symmetry breaking, we argue that in the early Universe with an extremely high energy density and a strong Lorentz violation, the typical size $R_{\min }$ was highly dilated. With the expansion and subsequent cooling of the Universe, we propose that it passed through a phase transition towards a Lorentz symmetry, wherein $R_{\min }$ tends to be compact.Comment: 8 pages, final version to appear in PR

Bounds on topological Abelian string-vortex and string-cigar from information-entropic measure

In this work we obtain bounds on the topological Abelian string-vortex and on the string-cigar, by using a new measure of configurational complexity, known as configurational entropy. In this way, the information-theoretical measure of six-dimensional braneworlds scenarios are capable to probe situations where the parameters responsible for the brane thickness are arbitrary. The so-called configurational entropy (CE) selects the best value of the parameter in the model. This is accomplished by minimizing the CE, namely, by selecting the most appropriate parameters in the model that correspond to the most organized system, based upon the Shannon information theory. This information-theoretical measure of complexity provides a complementary perspective to situations where strictly energy-based arguments are inconclusive. We show that the higher the energy the higher the CE, what shows an important correlation between the energy of the a localized field configuration and its associated entropic measure.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, final version to appear in Phys. Lett.

Configurational entropy in brane-world models

In this work we investigate the entropic information on thick brane-world scenarios and its consequences. The brane-world entropic information is studied for the sine-Gordon model and hence the brane-world entropic information measure is shown to be an accurate way for providing the most suitable range for the bulk AdS curvature, in particular from the informational content of physical solutions. Besides, the brane-world configurational entropy is employed to demonstrate a high organisational degree in the structure of the configuration of the system, for large values of a parameter of the sine-Gordon model but the one related to the AdS curvature. The Gleiser and Stamatopoulos procedure is finally applied in order to achieve a precise correlation between the energy of the system and the brane-world configurational entropy

A preliminary study about treg cells phenotypic alteration

Las células T reguladoras son una subpoblación de los linfocitos T CD4+ de gran importancia en el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la tolerancia y la homeostasis del sistema inmune. Muchos estudios han analizado la frecuencia de las Treg en pacientes infectados por VIH. Sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes y existe una gran controversia sobre el papel que juegan las Treg en el curso de la infección. Recientemente se ha demostrado que el VIH puede infectar las células Treg. Trabajos previos de nuestro grupo demuestran que las Treg son susceptibles de infección por el VIH disminuyendo la expresión del Foxp3 en las células infectadas. Este fenómeno produce una alteración en la capacidad supresora de las células Treg. El objetivo de éste estudio es corroborar dicho comportamiento in vivo y determinar el fenotipo de las Treg en pacientes infectados por VIH. Los resultados preliminares indican que efectivamente la frecuencia de células Foxp3+ es inferior en los pacientes infectados por VIH que en los individuos sanos. El estudio sigue en curso para recopilar un número suficiente de muestras que permitan confirmar estos resultados. Este estudio permitirá conocer mejor el papel de las Treg en el curso de la infección por VIHRegulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Many studies have explored the frequency of Treg in HIV infected patients. However, there are controversial findings about the role of these cells in the HIV infection. Nowadays, different studies have showed that Treg cells are susceptible to the HIV infection. Our in vitro data has showed that HIV infects Treg and produces a downregulation of Foxp3 expression. This phenomenon also leads Treg cells to a loss of their immune suppressive capacity. The aim of this study is to corroborate if this behavior also occurs in vivo and determine the Treg phenotype in HIVinfected patients. Preliminary results indicate that frequency of Foxp3+ cells is lower in HIVinfected patients than in healthy volunteers. At present, we are recovering enough number of samples to confirm these results. A better understanding of these cells could serve for the effective exploitation of their suppressive functions for clinical benefit

The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language

Evidence is given for a systematic text-length dependence of the power-law index gamma of a single book. The estimated gamma values are consistent with a monotonic decrease from 2 to 1 with increasing length of a text. A direct connection to an extended Heap's law is explored. The infinite book limit is, as a consequence, proposed to be given by gamma = 1 instead of the value gamma=2 expected if the Zipf's law was ubiquitously applicable. In addition we explore the idea that the systematic text-length dependence can be described by a meta book concept, which is an abstract representation reflecting the word-frequency structure of a text. According to this concept the word-frequency distribution of a text, with a certain length written by a single author, has the same characteristics as a text of the same length pulled out from an imaginary complete infinite corpus written by the same author.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl