Operational Trans-Resistance Amplifier Based Tunable Wave Active Filter

In this paper, Operational Trans-Resistance Amplifier (OTRA) based wave active filter structures are presented. They are flexible and modular, making them suitable to implement higher order filters. The circuits implement the resistors using matched transistors, operating in linear region, making them well suited for IC fabrication. They are insensitive to parasitic input capacitances and input resistances due to the internally grounded input terminals of OTRA. As an application, a doubly terminated third order Butterworth low pass filter has been implemented, by substituting OTRA based wave equivalents of passive elements. PSPICE simulations are given to verify the theoretical analysis

Extrinsic Fluorescent Dyes as Tools for Protein Characterization

Noncovalent, extrinsic fluorescent dyes are applied in various fields of protein analysis, e.g. to characterize folding intermediates, measure surface hydrophobicity, and detect aggregation or fibrillation. The main underlying mechanisms, which explain the fluorescence properties of many extrinsic dyes, are solvent relaxation processes and (twisted) intramolecular charge transfer reactions, which are affected by the environment and by interactions of the dyes with proteins. In recent time, the use of extrinsic fluorescent dyes such as ANS, Bis-ANS, Nile Red, Thioflavin T and others has increased, because of their versatility, sensitivity and suitability for high-throughput screening. The intention of this review is to give an overview of available extrinsic dyes, explain their spectral properties, and show illustrative examples of their various applications in protein characterization

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Socio-Legal Perspectives and the Concept of CSR

This article looks at changes in the legal requirements regarding CSR in Indian context. This is a review article which reviews the proposed legal reform. Different perspectives regarding making CSR mandatory are being discussed in the light of the discussions of proposals. The focus has shifted from Profit to People. The whole concept of CSR is based on the fact that the society provides resources for business and business has to give back to the society for its inclusive growth. Business goals have to be aligned with the social and environmental needs for its long term growth. A few corporate houses view the mandatory spending on CSR activities as an unjustified burden on corporates and is going to hit their bottom line because of additional spend of a minimum 2% of the profits on the prescribed CSR activities. There is criticism over the dictating terms of the legislatures for philanthropic initiatives of the companies

Case Report - Follicular dendritic cell tumour of tonsil - Is it an under diagnosed entity?

Neoplasms of follicular dendritic cells are uncommon and while majority of them occur in lymph nodes, they are increasingly recognized at varied sites such as abdominal viscera. Tonsil is the most common extra nodal site for occurrence of FDCT in the head and neck region. We describe three cases of follicular dendritic cell tumour occurring in the tonsil

The implication of life style on codon usage patterns and predicted highly expressed genes for three Frankia genomes

Abstract Frankia are nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes that form a symbiotic association with over 200 species of woody dicotyledonous plants. Recently, three Frankia genomes were completely sequenced. In this study, the synonymous codon usage patterns of three Frankia genomes (strains CcI3, ACN14a, and EAN1pec) were determined and compared to each other and to other actinobacteria. As expected for a high G+C organism, codon usage by Frankia was highly biased, but differences were observed among the three strains. Using the codon adaptation index (CAI) as a numerical estimator of gene expression level, highly expressed genes in Frankia were predicted with ribosomal protein genes as a reference. The analysis of the predicted highly expressed genes showed that Frankia strain CcI3 had a different profile from the other two strains. StrainCcI3 had fewer predicted highly expressed genes in several COG categories including lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and general function prediction only than Frankia strains EAN1pec and ACN14a. Interestingly, Frankia EAN1pec had more predicted highly expressed genes in transcription and signal transduction mechanisms than the other two strains. These differences were not just a reflection in total gene numbers, but also based on percentage of geneswithin a category.These results support the hypothesis that strain CcI3 is becoming a symbiotic specialist and the other two facultative symbiotic strains are maintaining their capacity to exist as free-living soil dwellers

The implication of life style on codon usage patterns and predicted highly expressed genes for three Frankia genomes

Frankia are nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes that form a symbiotic association with over 200 species of woody dicotyledonous plants. Recently, three Frankia genomes were completely sequenced. In this study, the synonymous codon usage patterns of three Frankia genomes (strains CcI3, ACN14a, and EAN1pec) were determined and compared to each other and to other actinobacteria. As expected for a high G+C organism, codon usage by Frankia was highly biased, but differences were observed among the three strains. Using the codon adaptation index (CAI) as a numerical estimator of gene expression level, highly expressed genes in Frankia were predicted with ribosomal protein genes as a reference. The analysis of the predicted highly expressed genes showed that Frankia strain CcI3 had a different profile from the other two strains. Strain CcI3 had fewer predicted highly expressed genes in several COG categories including lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and general function prediction only than Frankia strains EAN1pec and ACN14a. Interestingly, Frankia EAN1pec had more predicted highly expressed genes in transcription and signal transduction mechanisms than the other two strains. These differences were not just a reflection in total gene numbers, but also based on percentage of genes within a category. These results support the hypothesis that strain CcI3 is becoming a symbiotic specialist and the other two facultative symbiotic strains are maintaining their capacity to exist as free-living soil dwellers