Collaborative Governance Meets Presidential Regulatory Review

As I will discuss below, White House decision-making and OIRA regulatory review have a hierarchical component that is at odds with the horizontal nature of collaboration. The President\u27s constitutional duties to manage the executive branch and OIRA\u27s role as his agent in regulatory review require strong oversight of agency regulatory activity. Rulemaking is one means by which the executive branch implements not only statutory mandates, but also presidential policy; any sitting President would be loathe to delegate his authority to a collaborative panel. Nonetheless, the benefits of collaboration can be substantial, and the President could use his authority to encourage the use of collaborative rulemaking either in connection with certain rules or at specific stages of the rulemaking process, as appropriate. OIRA, eager or not, will do what the President asks of it. However, wholesale use of collaborative rulemaking across the executive branch is unlikely to occur

Political Broadcasting Fairness in the Twenty-First Century: Putting Candidates and the Public on Equal First Amendment Footing

There is a fundamental inconsistency in the current political fairness and access rules for U.S. broadcasting. While political candidates enjoy a long-standing right of access to broadcast stations to express their views and attack and answer attacks from opponents, stations have no obligation to be fair to noncandidate citizens who may be personally attacked, nor to make any good-faith effort to present opposing views on controversial public issues. However, this has not always been the case. Under the Fairness Doctrine, in place from 1949 to 1987, broadcasters were expected to present controversial issues of public importance and provide reasonable opportunity for opposing views. Since the electromagnetic spectrum is a limited public resource, broadcasters using it must serve the public interest in exchange for the privilege of holding a license. Traditionally, this meant abiding by the candidate fairness rules as well as following general fairness expectations and rules with regard to non-candidate citizens and public issues

The role of line managers in employee career management:an attachment theory perspective

Line managers increasingly play a key role in organizational career development systems, yet few studies have examined the nature of this role or its implications for employee career attitudes and behaviors. In two studies, we used attachment theory to explore this issue. In Study 1, in-depth interviews (N = 20) showed that employees viewed career management as a relational process in which line managers are expected to act as ‘caregiver’ to support individualized career development. Study 2 was a large-scale international survey (N = 891). Participants scoring higher on attachment avoidance in their line manager relationships reported more negative perceptions of career growth opportunities, lower participation in organizational career development activities and higher turnover intentions. Trust in the organization partially mediated the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications for HRM are discussed

Zasuk proti vzhodu: Çadır Höyük, Transkavkazija in kompleksna povezljivost v pozni bakreni dobi

The investigation of ‘complex connectivities’ as defined by Tomlinson (1999) as a critical element in the understanding of how modern globalization works has been repurposed by archaeologists as a model to explain the mechanisms at work in the archaeological past. This study applies Tomlinson’s model to interpret evidence that such connectivities linked the vast Uruk system in Mesopotamia, the contemporary Kura-Araxes culture in Transcaucasia, and the north central Anatolian plateau in the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, known as the Late Chalcolithic period. We focus on the site of Çadır Höyük, on the north central Anatolian plateau. The occupants of this rural settlement experienced some dramatic changes in the later fourth millennium, including substantial reorganization of their village plan, expansions and contractions in socioeconomic activity and long-distance trade, more elaborate burials, and possibly the evolution of new sociopolitical and religious ideologies. Here we explore the increasing evidence that socioeconomic ‘complex connectivity,’ with both Mesopotamia and especially Transcaucasia, played some role in the substantial modifications and internal dynamics at Late Chalcolithic Çadır Höyük.Preučevanje ‘kompleksne povezljivosti’, kot jo je definiral Tomlinson (1999), je ključno za razumevanje načina, kako so arheologi spremenili model moderne globalizacije za to, da bi lahko razlagali mehanizme, ki so delovali v arheološki preteklosti. V članku uporabljamo Tomlinsonovo mrežo kompleksnih povezljivosti pri razlagi dokazov o sočasnosti kulture Kura-Araxes v Transkavkaziji ter v severnem centralnem delu Anatolije v drugi polovici četrtega tisočletja pr. n. št. oz. v času pozne bakrene dobe, in sicer v okviru širšega globalnega konteksta sistema mesta Uruk v Mezopotamiji. Osredotočamo se na najdišče Çadır Höyük v severni centralni Anatoliji. Prebivalci te ruralne naselbine so bili konec četrtega tisočletja priča dramatičnim spremembam, ki so vključevale veliko reorganizacijo načrta vasi, širitve in krčenja družbenoekonomskih aktivnosti in menjave na dolge razdalje, bolj izpopolnjene načine pokopa in morda evolucijo novih družbenopolitičnih in verskih ideologij. Raziskujemo tudi dokaze o tem, da je imela družbenoekonomska ‘kompleksna povezljivost’ s Transkavkazijo in Mezopotamijo pomembno vlogo pri bistvenih spremembah in notranji dinamiki na pozno bakrenodobnem najdišču Çadır Höyük

Disodium (2RS,3SR)-tartrate

The asymmetric unit of the anhydrous title compound, 2Na+·C4H4O6 2−, contains two sodium cations and one tartrate anion. Each sodium ion is six coordinate, with bonding to six O atoms from both the carboxyl­ate and hydroxyl groups of the anion. A three-dimensional coordination network is formed with sodium ions stacking in layers along the c-axis direction. This network is supported by additional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds