Reappearance of Norwegian spring spawning herring on spawning grounds south of 60°N

In spring 1989 herring spawned west of Karmøy (near Haugesund) on the Norwegian west coast. Prior to 1945 the coastal areas around Haugesund were among the most important spawning (and fishing) grounds of the Norwegian spring spawning herring, but since 1959 there has been no reports of spawning herring in that area. This paper gives an account of the recordings in 1989, and of the length and age distributions of the herring. Possible migration routes are also discussed

A quest for management objectives – case study on the Barents Sea Capelin

The Barents Sea capelin is a short lived arctic pelagic species and a shared Norwegian-Russian stock. Although the management objectives for Barents Sea capelin have not been explicitly stated, the management authorities have agreed on a harvest control rule. The main element of the harvest control rule is a target spawning stock escapement strategy. Within Norway there are several stakeholders groups. These groups differ in their view of how the capelin resource should be utilized. Broadly speaking the views range from coastal fishers that argue that the main objective should be no capelin fishery in order to maximize cod availability (cod follows and feeds on the capelin migrating to the spawning areas near the coast) to the deep sea fishers who tend to argue for a maximization of the output (value) of the capelin fishery. The aim of the present paper is to systematize and indentify core elements in the view of the stakeholder groups in an ecological and economic context, and how communication and dialogue between stakeholders, fishery scientists and managing authorities can take place in order to obtain a consensus of how to best utilize this stock in a long term view. On a background of the biological knowledge base of the capelin, further emphasis is put on the role of the scientists in transforming a possible consensus view into an operational harvest control rule. Keywords: Short lived pelagic species, management objectives, stakeholder views, harvest control rules

Loddeundersøkelser i Barentshavet i september - oktober 1976

The investigations were carried out in cooperation with Sovietrussian scientists from the Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography in Murmansk. V.N. Shleinik was head of the Sovietrussian scientists. During a meeting at sea in September all information was exchanged. The Sovietrussian scientists are processing the data separately

The Relation Between Leverage, Beta, and Stock Returns An Empirical Study

This thesis aims to shed some light on, and hopefully add to the economic puzzle that is the relationship between leverage, return, and systematic risk. The theory surrounding this particular topic, suggests that there should be a positive relationship between them. The research, however, gives contradictory results, leading to it being quite controversial. When applying a cross-sectional approach to our CRSP and CRSP/Compustat merged dataset, we find that leverage partly hold information on changes in equity returns, both positively and negatively related from Fama-MacBeth (1973) regression analysis, which supports both Hamada (1972) as well as Fama and French (1992). However, our empirical results suggest the leverage effect to have the strongest explanatory power when adjusting for beta and size effects. Thus, our thesis supports Modigliani and Miller (1958) and Hamada (1972), proving increased market leverage to hold information on increased returns. Contradictive to those results, we provide in accordance with Fama and French (1992), evidence of book leverage being negatively related to stock returns. Furthermore, our results provide strong evidence supporting the CAPM provided by Sharpe (1964), with a short-horizon beta to hold strong explanatory power in increased equity returns. However, when adjusting for a beta estimated over a longer period, these effects tend to disappear. Also, our results provide evidence of leverage not being positively, nor siginificantly related to beta.nhhma

The use of Medium-Term Forecasts in advice and management decisions for the stock of Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.)

Medium-term simulations on the stock development of Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) have been carried out since 1994 by the ICES «Atlanto-Scandian Herring and Capelin Working Group», in 1996 renamed «Northern Pelagic and Blue Whiting Fisheries Working Group. The results of the simulations have been used as a basis for advice on harvest control rules for Norwegian spring spawning herring. The present paper reviews developments of medium-term simulations carried out on this stock and results from mediumterm forecasts carried out in 1995 and 1999 are used as examples. Emphasis is put on the usefulness of the medium-term simulations in the process towards reaching an agreement on a harvest control rule in 1999

Towards a coherent global framework for health financing: recommendations and recent developments

The articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how to make progress towards a coherent global framework for health financing. These recommendations pertain to domestic financing of national health systems, global public goods for health, external financing for national health systems and the cross-cutting issues of accountability and agreement on a new global framework. Since the Working Group concluded its work, multiple events have reinforced the group’s recommendations. Among these are the agreement on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and the release of the Panama Papers. These events also represent new stepping stones towards a new global framework

A New Deal for Global Health R&D? The Recommendations of the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development (CEWG)

John-Arne Røttingen and Claudia Chamas, chairs of the the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development (CEWG), summarize their recent report recommending to the World Health Assembly that a global health R&D treaty be developed

Where is the policy in health policy and systems research agenda?

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