Belief in a zero-sum game and subjective well-being across 35 countries

This article presents a short research report on the relationship between perceived antagonism in social relations measured using the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) scale, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Given that individuals who believe that life is like a zero-sum game are likely to perceive their daily interactions with others as unfair, we expected that individuals with high BZSG experience more negative affect and fewer positive one, resulting in a lower satisfaction with life. In addition, we examined whether country-level BZSG may play a moderating role in these associations. Data were collected from student samples (N=7146) in 35 countries. Multilevel modelling revealed that perceived social antagonism in social relations is negatively associated with satisfaction with life and that this relationship is mediated by both positive and negative affect at the individual level. The relation of individual BZSG and negative affect on satisfaction with life were weaker in societies with higher country-level BZSG, suggesting that the effects of BZSG may be less detrimental in these countries. These findings extend previous knowledge about predictors of life satisfaction and suggest that social beliefs might also be an important factor that influences subjective well-being. The contribution of the study is that the separate treatment of life satisfaction and positive and negative affect may be helpful in many research situations, particularly from a cross-cultural perspective

Belief in a zero-sum game and subjective well-being across 35 countries

This article presents a short research report on the relationship between perceived antagonism in social relations measured using the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) scale, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect. Given that individuals who believe that life is like a zero-sum game are likely to perceive their daily interactions with others as unfair, we expected that individuals with high BZSG experience more negative affect and fewer positive one, resulting in a lower satisfaction with life. In addition, we examined whether country-level BZSG may play a moderating role in these associations. Data were collected from student samples (N = 7146) in 35 countries. Multilevel modelling revealed that perceived social antagonism in social relations is negatively associated with satisfaction with life and that this relationship is mediated by both positive and negative affect at the individual level. The relation of individual BZSG and negative affect on satisfaction with life were weaker in societies with higher country-level BZSG, suggesting that the effects of BZSG may be less detrimental in these countries. These findings extend previous knowledge about predictors of life satisfaction and suggest that social beliefs might also be an important factor that influences subjective well-being. The contribution of the study is that the separate treatment of life satisfaction and positive and negative affect may be helpful in many research situations, particularly from a cross-cultural perspective.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

My way or the highway: High narcissism and low self-esteem predict decreased support for democracy

In two studies, we analyzed the relationships between different types of self-evaluation (i.e., narcissism and self-esteem) and support for democracy. Support for democracy requires the ability to respect the views and opinions of others, even if one disagrees with them. Classic studies have linked support for democracy with high self-evaluation, which should assume psychological security and, thus, the ability to trust others. However, not all forms of high self-evaluation are secure. Narcissists have high feelings of self-worth, but tend to be defensive: they are easily threatened by criticisms or conflicting views. We then expected that while support for democracy should be positively predicted by secure, non-narcissistic self-evaluation, it should be negatively predicted by narcissistic self-evaluation. In two studies, conducted in the U.S. (Study 1, n=407) and in Poland (Study 2, n=405), support for democracy was positively predicted by self-esteem and negatively predicted by narcissism. Study 2 additionally demonstrated that interpersonal trust mediated the effects of self-esteem on support for democracy. We discuss the role of psychological predispositions in understanding support for democratic systems

Rubber-derivative hyperelastic materials discussion and criteria of practical application

W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu gumopochodnych materiałów hipersprężystych. Podano związki konstytutywne opisujące ich zachowanie oraz kryterium praktycznego zastosowania. Przedstawiono również wybrane programy numeryczne wykorzystujące modele materiałów hipersprężystych.This paper presents the review of rubberlike hyperelastic materials, their constitutive relations describing their behaviour and the criterion of practical application. It also contains some numerical programs which use hyperelastic materials models

Wooden houses and timbered log houses

Nowoczesne budownictwo szuka rozwiązań dających estetyczne wrażenia wizualne budynku, jak również wykorzystujących ekonomiczne technologie, pozwalających na łatwe utrzymanie. Artykuł poświęcony został nowoczesnemu budownictwu drewnianemu. Przedstawiono dwie najbardziej rozpowszechnione w Polsce technologie budownictwa drewnianego: domy w konstrukcji szkieletowej i domy z bali.Modern building industry is looking for solutions providing aesthetic visual features of the building and using economic technologies facilitating its easy maintenance. The article has been devoted to modern wooden building industry. It presents two of the most prevalent technologies of wood construction in Poland: prefabricated houses and log houses

Steel fasteners in timber structures

Duży i szybki rozwój konstrukcji drewnianych powoduje konieczność poszukiwania coraz nowszych trwalszych połączeń. W pracy przedstawiono rodzaje łączników stalowych używanych do łączenia drewnianych oraz drewnopochodnych elementów konstrukcyjnych. Zaprezentowano przykłady zastosowania i wykorzystania płytek kolczastych, wprowadzonych do użytku w latach 60. W pracy poszukiwano optymalnego połączenia elementów wiązara dachowego, służącego do nadbudowy istniejącego budynku.Large and fast development of timber construction gives rise to the need for search for new durable connections. This paper presented types of steel fasteners used to connect timber and wood - based structural elements. Presented examples of the application and use of spiky plates, introduced for use in the 60 s. The paper looked for the optimal combination of roof truss elements used for the superstructure of the existing building

CHANGES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR RESULTING FROM SLEEP DEPRIVATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCREASING FATIGUE DURING PROLONGED MILITARY TRAINING

The aim of the study was to define the changes of the characteristics of physiological postural tremor under conditions of increasing fatigue and lack of sleep during prolonged military training (survival).The subjects of the study were 15 students of the Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin. The average age was 19.9±1.3 years. During the 36-hour-long continuous military training (survival) the subjects were deprived of sleep. Four tremor measurements were carried out for each of the subjects: Day 1 – morning, after rest (measurement 0); Day 2 – morning, after overnight physical exercise (measurement 1); afternoon, after continuous sleep deprivation (measurement 2); Day 3 – morning, after a full night sleep (measurement 3). The accelerometric method using an acceleration measuring kit was applied to analyse tremor. A significant difference between mean values of the index evaluating tremor power in low frequencies L2-4 in measurement 0 and measurement 3 was observed (p<0.01). No significant differences were found in mean values of index L10-20. Mean frequencies F2-4 differed significantly from each other (F 2,42 =4.53; p<0.01). Their values were 2.94±0.11, 2.99±0.9, 2.93±0.07 and 2.91±0.07 for successive measurements. A gradual, significant decrease of F 8-14 was observed (F 2,42 =5.143; p<0.01). Prolonged sleep deprivation combined with performing tasks demanding constant physical effort causes long-lasting (over 24 hours) changes of the amplitude of low-frequency tremor changes. This phenomenon may significantly influence psychomotor performance, deteriorating the ability to perform tasks requiring movement precision

Application of a layered rubber composite to reduce dynamic effects on steel structures

Celem pracy jest analiza warstwowego kompozytu gumowego mającego na celu znaczną redukcję oddziaływań dynamicznych na konstrukcje stalowe. W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono analityczną analizę poprzecznej i podłużnej fali akustycznej propagującej w warstwowym kompozycie gumowym wykonanym z materiałów o potencjale sprężystym Blatza - Ko. W drugiej części znajduję się przykład numeryczny przedstawiający zachowanie się powierzchni nieciągłości propagującej w omawianym warstwowym kompozycie, pokazujący rozkład naprężeń dla przyjętego potencjału oraz stałych materiałowych z pierwszej części pracy. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania omawianego kompozytu m.in. w celu ograniczenia efektów dynamicznych powstających w procesie opróżniania silosów z materiałów sypkich.The purpose of paper is to analyze a layered rubber composite aimed at significant reduction in dynamic effects on steel structures. In the first part of the paper there is presented an analytical analysis of transverse and longitudinal acoustic wave propagating in a layered rubber composite made of a material with elastic potential Blatz - Ko. The second part discusses a numerical example showing the behavior of the surface discontinuities propagating in this layered composite, showing the distribution of stresses for the assumed potential and constant material from the first part of the paper. In the paper seeking possibilities of application of the composite inter alia in order to reduce the dynamic effects generated in the process of emptying silos from granular materials which can cause their failures and for the group of silos can lead to the creation and propagation of dynamic oscillations in the subsoil which threaten building located nearby. Issue adopted at work and the obtained results provide the basis for the further numerical study expanding the results