151 research outputs found
Invasive group B streptococcal infections in adults, France (2007â2010)
AbstractGroup B streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as an important cause of invasive infection in adults. Here, we report the clinical and microbiological characteristics of 401 non-redundant GBS strains causing adult invasive infections collected during a 4-year period (2007â2010). Bacteraemia without focus (43.4%) and bone and joint infections (18.7%) were the main clinical manifestations. The distribution of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) type showed that types Ia, III, and V accounted for 71.8% of all strains. Resistance to erythromycin increased from 20.2% in 2007 to 35.3% in 2010, and was mainly associated with CPS type V harbouring the erm(B) resistant determinant
Changing the chemical and physical properties of high valent heterobimetallic bis-(mu-oxido) Cu-Ni complexes by ligand effects
Two new heterobimetallic [LNiO2Cu(RPY2)](+) (RPY2 = N-substituted bis 2-pyridyl(ethylamine) ligands with R = indane, 3a or R = Me, 3b) complexes have been spectroscopically trapped at low temperatures. They were prepared by reacting the mononuclear side-on LNiII superoxo precursor bearing a beta-diketiminate ligand (L = [HC-(CMeNC6H3(iPr)(2))(2)]) with the Cu(I) complexes. In contrast to the oxo groups in known high-valent [M-2(mu-O)(2)](n+) (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) cores that display electrophilic reactivities, 3a and 3b display rather nucleophilic oxo cores active in aldehyde deformylation reactions. However, the spectroscopic and reactivity properties of 3a/3b are found to be distinct relative to that of the previously reported [LNiO2Cu(MeAN)](+) complex containing a more basic (nucleophilic) N, N, N', N', N'-pentamethyl-dipropylenetriamine (MeAN) ligand at the copper centre. The geometry and electronic properties of the copper ligands affect the electron density of the oxygen atoms of the heterodinuclear {Ni(mu-O)(2)} core and 3a/3b undergo slower nucleophilic and faster electrophilic reactions than the previously reported [LNiO2Cu(MeAN)](+) intermediate. The present study therefore demonstrates the tuning of the electrophilicity/ nucleophilicity of the oxygen atoms of the heterobimetallic [Ni(mu-O)(2)Cu](2+) cores by controlling the electron donation from the ancillary ligands, and underlines the significance of subtle electronic changes in the physical and chemical properties of the biologically relevant heterobimetallic metal-dioxygen intermediates.DFG, EXC 314, Unifying Concepts in Catalysi
Ertapenem Resistance of Escherichia coli
An ertapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolate was recovered from peritoneal fluid in a patient who had been treated with imipenem/cilastatin for 10 days. Ertapenem resistance may be explained by a defect in the outer membrane protein and production of extended-spectrum ÎČ-lactamase CTX-M-2
How Metal Nuclearity Impacts Electrocatalytic Hâ Production in Thiocarbohydrazone-Based Complexes
Thiocarbohydrazone-based catalysts feature ligands that are potentially electrochemically active. From the synthesis point of view, these ligands can be easily tailored, opening multiple strategies for optimization, such as using different substituent groups or metal substitution. In this work, we show the possibility of a new strategy, involving the nuclearity of the system, meaning the number of metal centers. We report the synthesis and characterization of a trinuclear nickel-thiocarbohydrazone complex displaying an improved turnover rate compared with its mononuclear counterpart. We use DFT calculations to show that the mechanism involved is metal-centered, unlike the metal-assisted ligand-centered mechanism found in the mononuclear complex. Finally, we show that two possible mechanisms can be assigned to this catalyst, both involving an initial double reduction of the system
Diversity and Strain Specificity of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Revealed by the Draft Genome of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Les limites du respect de la volonté exprimée dans les directives anticipées
International audienceAssocier mort et droit de la santĂ© peut sembler dĂ©routant. Pourtant, les annĂ©es 2015 et 2016 ont Ă©tĂ© marquĂ©es par des Ă©volutions lĂ©gislatives et jurisprudentielles majeures qui traduisent lâapprĂ©hension de la fin de la vie par le droit de la santĂ©. La loi n° 2016-87 du 2 fĂ©vrier 2016 a dâailleurs renforcĂ© lâobligation des mĂ©decins de prendre en compte la volontĂ© du malade, ce qui a conduit les auteurs Ă analyser plus largement les limites juridiques du respect de la volontĂ© de chacun Ă lâĂ©preuve de la mort.La volontĂ© est ainsi retenue comme notion centrale dans la rencontre entre la mort et le droit de la santĂ©. Le juriste connaĂźt mieux le consentement que la volontĂ©. Le consentement est dĂ©terminant dans la relation de soins mais cette derniĂšre implique souvent le corps affaibli, souffrant et diminuĂ© dâune personne qui nâest plus en mesure dâindiquer ce quâelle souhaite. Par consĂ©quent, Ă dĂ©faut de consentement, câest la volontĂ© du patient qui devra ĂȘtre recherchĂ©e.La volontĂ© exprimĂ©e du vivant perdure aprĂšs la mort dans les obligations laissĂ©es aux descendants de respecter la mĂ©moire du dĂ©funt et ses choix. Aussi lâouvrage se partage-t-il entre la volontĂ© du vivant et celle du de cujus. La volontĂ© du vivant face Ă la mort peut concerner sa propre mort ou bien celle de tiers. La volontĂ© du de cujus sâexprime, quant Ă elle, Ă lâĂ©preuve de lâusage de son cadavre et de lâintĂ©rĂȘt des tiers
The apprehension of the European family
Sâil est comprĂ©hensible que la multiplicitĂ© des angles dâanalyse revient Ă exclure toute dĂ©finition unique ou rĂ©capitulative de la famille, cela nâinterdit pas pour autant dâessayer de saisir cette rĂ©alitĂ© quâest la famille. Compte tenu de lâintĂ©rĂȘt grandissant de l'UE pour la famille, l'UE a Ă©tĂ© choisie comme cadre dâĂ©tude de notre recherche consacrĂ©e Ă la famille europĂ©enne ("f.e"). Or, l'UE est Ă la fois un espace gĂ©ographique composĂ© de 28 Etats membres et une entitĂ© Ă part entiĂšre dotĂ©e de la personnalitĂ© juridique, donc mener une rĂ©flexion sur la f.e. au sein de l'UE impose de lâengager Ă la fois dans les Etats membres de l'UE et dans l'UE elle-mĂȘme.Si on ne peut pas dĂ©finir la f.e., peut-on Ă tout le moins lâapprĂ©hender, câest-Ă -dire la saisir par lâesprit ? Câest ce que nous faisons en mettant en perspective les diffĂ©rentes approches de la f.e. retenues par les diffĂ©rents ordres juridiques qui interviennent au sein de l'UE.Nous nous intĂ©ressons Ă ce quâest la f.e. dans les faits et en tant quâobjet juridique en Ă©tudiant les diffĂ©rentes façons dont elle est modelĂ©e par les droits. Les diffĂ©rents droits de la famille des Etats membres de lâUE ainsi que les diffĂ©rentes interventions de l'UE en matiĂšre familiale sont pour nous autant de moyens dâapprĂ©hender la f.e. nous permettant de rĂ©vĂ©ler lâexistence de points de convergence et de valeurs communes. Mais notre recherche ne peut faire fi de lâexistence dâune Europe bicĂ©phale car la conception que l'UE a de la famille est enrichie par la jurisprudence de la Cour EDH et reste en devenir par lâhĂ©ritage quâelle reçoit de la construction du sens de la notion de « vie familiale » par la jurisprudence de la Cour EDH.If it is understandable that the multiplicity of angles of analysis amounts to exclude any single or summary definition of the family, this does not preclude trying to grasp this reality that the family is. Given the growing interest of the European Union (E.U) for the family, the E.U has been selected as the study framework of our research on the European family. Since the E.U is both a geographical area composed of twenty- eight Member States and an entity with legal personality, reflect on the European family in the European Union requires to do it in both members States of the E.U and the E.U itself.If we canât define the European family, can we at least apprehend it, that is to grasp it by the spirit ? This is what we decided to do by putting in perspective the different approaches of the European family adopted by the different legal systems involved in the E.U.We need to focus our attention both on what the European family is in fact and as a legal object by studying the different ways it is modeled by laws. The various family laws of the Member States of the E.U and the various interventions of the E.U in family matters are so many means for us to apprehend the European family allowing us to reveal the existence of points of convergence and common values. But the research on the European family conducted in the E.U framework canât ignore the existence of a bicephalous Europe because the conception that the E.U has of family is enriched by the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human rights ( ECtHR ) and remains in become given the legacy it receives from the construction of the meaning of the notion of "family life" in the case law of the ECtHR
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