Regional specialisation in a transition country - Hungary

There has been a growing interest on regional issue over the last decade stimulated by increasing policy about reducing regional inequalities resulted from economic integration. In the last decade the free trade affected the post-communist countries, and predominantly among them those, which had a maturated level of stability, economical development and their geopolitical situation is favoured. Hungary is a considerable area to study the pattern of “new economic geography”. In paper we identify, explain and forecast the impact of globalisation, on regional and small unit /local level. The key question for the future development of the world economy is how will the economy choose its new place? Are regional inequalities likely to narrow or widen? And how the EU enlargement likely to lead to the relocation of industries? The regional indicators are verifying on NUTS level III. the regional concentration and describe the shifted new regional structure. The aim of the project to check the regularities and irregularities of the variables in an accession country. The relevant findings will be discussed concerning the policy. The questions to be addressed, which changes may be identified due to the trade reorientation towards the EU? Which new location an relocation of industrial activity may be identified? What types of regions are likely to be winners and losers who regulate the regulators? About the adaptation process we will draft some policy orientation for decision makers.

Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory with Locally Finite Degrees of Freedom

In the paper it will be shown that Reichenbach's Weak Common Cause Principle is not valid in algebraic quantum field theory with locally finite degrees of freedom in general. Namely, for any pair of projections A and B supported in spacelike separated double cones O(a) and O(b), respectively, a correlating state can be given for which there is no nontrivial common cause (system) located in the union of the backward light cones of O(a) and O(b) and commuting with the both A and B. Since noncommuting common cause solutions are presented in these states the abandonment of commutativity can modulate this result: noncommutative Common Cause Principles might survive in these models

When can statistical theories be causally closed?

The notion of common cause closedness of a classical, Kolmogorovian probability space with respect to a causal independence relation between the random events is defined, and propositions are presented that characterize common cause closedness for specific probability spaces. It is proved in particular that no probability space with a finite number of random events can contain common causes of all the correlations it predicts; however, it is demonstrated that probability spaces even with a finite number of random events can be common cause closed with respect to a causal independence relation that is stronger than logical independence. Furthermore it is shown that infinite, atomless probability spaces are always common cause closed in the strongest possible sense. Open problems concerning common cause closedness are formulated and the results are interpreted from the perspective of Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle (RCCP)

Quantum statistics and locality

It is shown that two observers have mutually commuting observables if they are able to prepare in each subsector of their common state space some state exhibiting no mutual correlations. This result establishes a heretofore missing link between statistical and locality (commensurability) properties of the observables of spacelike separated observers in relativistic quantum physics, envisaged four decades ago by Haag and Kastler. It is based on a discussion of coincidence experiments and suggests a physically meaningful quantitative measure of possible violations of Einstein causality.Comment: 3 pages, no figure

Local Operations and Completely Positive Maps in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory

Einstein introduced the locality principle which states that all physical effect in some finite space-time region does not influence its space-like separated finite region. Recently, in algebraic quantum field theory, R\'{e}dei captured the idea of the locality principle by the notion of operational separability. The operation in operational separability is performed in some finite space-time region, and leaves unchanged the state in its space-like separated finite space-time region. This operation is defined with a completely positive map. In the present paper, we justify using a completely positive map as a local operation in algebraic quantum field theory, and show that this local operation can be approximately written with Kraus operators under the funnel property

Regional specialisation in a transition country - Hungary

There has been a growing interest on regional issue over the last decade stimulated by increasing policy about reducing regional inequalities resulted from economic integration. In the last decade the free trade affected the post-communist countries, and predominantly among them those, which had a maturated level of stability, economical development and their geopolitical situation is favoured. Hungary is a considerable area to study the pattern of “new economic geography”. In paper we identify, explain and forecast the impact of globalisation, on regional and small unit /local level. The key question for the future development of the world economy is how will the economy choose its new place? Are regional inequalities likely to narrow or widen? And how the EU enlargement likely to lead to the relocation of industries? The regional indicators are verifying on NUTS level III. the regional concentration and describe the shifted new regional structure. The aim of the project to check the regularities and irregularities of the variables in an accession country. The relevant findings will be discussed concerning the policy. The questions to be addressed, which changes may be identified due to the trade reorientation towards the EU? Which new location an relocation of industrial activity may be identified? What types of regions are likely to be winners and losers who regulate the regulators? About the adaptation process we will draft some policy orientation for decision makers

Euphorbia fajok diterpénjeinek izolálása, szerkezet-meghatározása és farmakológiai vizsgálata = Isolation, structure determination and pharmacological investigation of diterpenes from Euphorbia species

Az Euphorbiaceae (kutyatejfélék) családjába tartozó fajokat többnyire mérgező, gyulladáskeltő tejnedvet tartalmazó növényként ismerik. Ezen fajok egy része speciális szerkezetű, diterpén típusú vegyületeket halmoz fel, amelyek különböző fiziológiai hatással rendelkeznek, és részben felelősek a növények toxikus tulajdonságaiért. Munkánk célja hazai és trópusi Euphorbia-fajok olyan diterpénkomponenseinek izolálása és szerkezet-meghatározása volt, amelyek nem csak új, korábban nem ismert kémiai szerkezettel, de farmakológiai hatással is rendelkeznek. Munkánk során elvégeztük 22 kutyatejfaj kivonatának növénykémiai szűrővizsgálatát. Az így kiválasztott hat fajból (E. exigua, E. falcata, E. grandicornis, E. esula, E. pannonica, E. mongolica) összesen 40 diterpént izoláltunk, amelyek közül 29 új természetes vegyület, azaz munkánkat megelőzően nem állították elő egyetlen növényfajból sem. 26 molekula esetében farmakológiai vizsgálatokat végeztünk. Több jatrofán- és ciklomirzinánvázas diterpénről megállapítottuk, hogy in vitro gátolják a daganatsejtek gyógyszer-rezisztenciájáért felelős membránfehérje működését. Tesztelt vegyületeink enyhe vagy mérsékelt antiproliferatív aktivitással bírnak különböző humán karcinóma sejtvonalakon, míg egyes forbolszármazékok a proteinkináz C izoenzimek aktivátorai, így ígéretes vezérmolekulák lehetnek a gyógyszerkutatás számára. | Plants of Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family are well known as species producing toxic and proinflammatory latex. Some of Euphorbia species accumulate specific diterpenes with different biological activity particularly responsible for toxic effect of the plants. The aim of our study was isolation and structure elucidation of diterpenes from Hungarian and tropical Euphorbia species, they have pharmacological activity besides possessing new chemical structure. Phytochemical screening of diterpen content of 22 Euphorbia species was performed. 40 diterpenes from six species (E. exigua, E. falcata, E. grandicornis, E. esula, E. pannonica, E. mongolica) were isolated and the chemical structures all of them were elucidated. 29 diterpene polyesters were isolated for the first time, therefore these 29 terpenoids are new natural compounds. Pharmacological evaluation of 26 molecules was performed. Some jatrophane and cyclomyrsinane diterpenes inhibit the efflux pump activity of a membrane protein responsible for drug resistance of tumour cells. Tested compound have moderate or low antiproliferative activity on different human tumour cell lines. Isolated phorbol derivatives activate isoenzymes of protein kinase C and may serve as promising objects or tools for drug development