Antimicrobial evaluation of copper sulfate (II) on strains of Enterococcus faecalis. In vitro study

Abstract: Introduction: Controlling Enterococcus faecalis is of vital importance in endodontics, as this pathogen is associated with endodontic failure. Experimental evidence has shown that copper has antibacterial activity against other pathogens with similar characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of copper (II) or cupric (SC-II) sulfate on strains of Enterococcus faecalis and to compare it with the most commonly used antimicrobials. Methodology: We used 33 strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from different clinical pictures in different Chilean hospitals. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SC-II, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide was determined by the broth microdilution technique, following the recommendations given by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: The MIC for CHX varied in the range of 5-10 µg/ml; SC-II from 1.5 to 12 µg/ml, and HC was >32 mg/ml. The geometric mean of SC-II was 6 µg/ml, lower than that of CHX, which was 7.29 µg/ml. Conclusions: SC-II showed antimicrobial activity at lower concentrations than CHX. HC (which could have been affected by the buffer effect of the broth microdilution technique) showed high values, not comparable to other compounds. We suggest carrying out further studies on the properties of SC-II, such assessing its biocompatibility and reaction with other materials to be used clinically in endodontic therapy.Keywords: “Enterococcus faecalis”[MeSH], “Copper sulfate”[MeSH], “Chlorhexidine”[MeSH], “Calcium Hydroxyde”[MeSH], “Endodontics”[MeSH].Evaluación antimicrobiana del sulfato de cobre (II) sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. Estudio in vitro.Resumen: Introducción: El control de Enterococcus faecalis es de vital importancia en endodoncia, ya que este patógeno está asociado al fracaso endodóntico. Evidencias experimentales que han demostrado que el cobre presenta actividad antibacteriana en otros patógenos de similares características. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la actividad antimicrobiana del sulfato de cobre (II) o cúprico (SC-II) sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis y compararla con los antimicrobianos más usados en la actualidad. Metodología: Estudio in vitro. Se utilizó la técnica de microdilución en caldo según lineamientos del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, incluyendo 33 cepas de Enterococcus faecalis obtenidas desde hospitales chilenos, para cada una de las cuales se determinó las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias (CMI) de: SC-II, Clorhexidina (CHX) e Hidróxido de calcio (HC). Resultados: La CMI para CHX tuvo un rango de 5-10 µg/ml, el SC-II de 1,5-12 mM y el HC fue >32 mg/ml. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas entre los 3 antimicrobianos utilizados (p<0,001). Conclusiones: El SC-II mostró actividad antimicrobiana a bajas concentraciones, superiores a CHX, pero menores a HC (que pudo ser afectado por el efecto tampón de la técnica de microdilución en caldo). Se sugiere seguir con los estudios de las propiedades del SC-II, como evaluación de biocompatibilidad y reacción con otros materiales para ser utilizados clínicamente en la terapia endodóntica.Palabras clave: Enterococcus faecalis, sulfato de cobre, clorhexidina, hidróxido de calcio, endodoncia

Reporte del monitoreo ambiental en el marco de la supervisión regular en el subsector hidrocarburos, llevado a cabo del 19 de febrero al 02 de marzo de 2014, en la empresa SAVIA PERU SAC.

Presenta el reporte del monitoreo ambiental de efluentes con descarga al mar y poza de aguas de procesos sin tratamiento, realizado en el marco de la supervisión regular en el Subsector Hidrocarburos, de la empresa SAVIA PERU SAC, llevado a cabo del 19 de Febrero al 02 de Marzo de 2014, en el distrito de Lobitos, provincia de Talara, departamento de Piura. Presenta los siguientes anexos:copia de certificado de calibración de equipo, copia de cadena de custodia con Sello de Recepción del Laboratorio, ubicación de puntos de monitoreo, y registro fotográfico de cada muestra

Musical preference but not familiarity influences subjective ratings and psychophysiological correlates of music-induced emotions

Listening to music prompts strong emotional reactions in the listeners but relatively little research has focused on individual differences. This study addresses the role of musical preference and familiarity on emotions induced through music. A sample of 50 healthy participants (25 women) listened to 42 excerpts from the FMMS during 8 s while their autonomic and facial EMG responses were continuously recorded. Then, affective dimensions (he- donic valence, tension arousal, and energy arousal) and musical preference were rated using a 9-point scale, as well as familiarity using a 3-point scale. It was hypothesized that preferred and familiar music would be eval- uated as more pleasant, energetic and less tense, and would prompt an increase of autonomic and zygomatic responses, and a decrease of corrugator activity. Results partially confirmed our hypothesis showing a strong effect of musical preference but not familiarity on emotion correlates. Specifically, musical preference predicted valence ratings, as well as HR acceleration and facial EMG activity. Overall, current findings suggested a great influence of musical preference on music-induced emotions, particularly modulating hedonic valence correlates. Our findings add evidence about the role of individual differences in the emotional processing through music and suggest the importance of considering those variables in future studies.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

No hay diferencias en el consumo de suplementos nutricionales deportivos entre powerlifters internacionales y nacionales

The scientific literature regarding the evaluation of the consumption of sports nutritional supplements (SND) in strength sports, such as powerlifting, is scarce and most studies have poor quality methodologies, having created myths and pseudosciences in the sector. In order to provide recommendations on SND based on the level of scientific evidence, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) has created a SND classification based on the level of scientific evidence. Aims: To know, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, the SNDs used by powerlifters that compete at an international and national level. Methods and Material: 32 powerlifter (10 international and 22 national) filled a daily SND for 72 hours. Statistical analysis used: A non-parametric Mann-Witney U test was performed for independent samples in order to verify differences in the number of total supplements consumed, as well as the number of supplements consumed in each category established by the AIS. In addition, a χ 2 test was applied to compare differences in the frequency of supplement consumption among athletes of different categories. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: No differences were observed when comparing powerlifters of international and national level in terms of the number of SND consumed. There were also no statistically significant differences in SND consumption according to the level of evidence, although it was observed that international athletes consumed more than those categorized with greater evidence (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although international powerlifters tended to consume supplements with a higher level of scientific evidence, significant statistical differences were not reached and, therefore, our hypothesis was not met.La literatura científica referente a la evaluación del consumo de suplementos nutricionales deportivos (SND) en deportes de fuerza, como el powerlifting, es escasa, y la mayoría de estudios poseen metodologías de baja calidad, habiendo creado mitos y pseudociencias en el sector. Con objeto de dar recomendaciones sobre SND en base a nivel de evidencia científica, el Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) ha creado una clasificación de SND basada en nivel de evidencia científica. Objetivos: evaluar las posibles diferencias en el patrón de consumo y elección de SND en powerlifters internacionales y nacionales. Materiales y Métodos: 32 powerlifter (10 de nivel internacional y 22 nacional) rellenaron un diario de consumo de SND durante 72 horas. Análisis Estadístico: Se realizó un test no paramétrico de U de Mann-Witney para muestras independientes con objeto de comprobar diferencias en el número de suplementos totales consumidos, así como el número de suplementos consumidos de cada categoría establecida por el AIS. Además, se aplicó un test de χ 2 para comparar las diferencias en la frecuencia de consumo de suplementos entre los deportistas de distintas categorías. El nivel de significación estadística se fijó en p<0,05. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en el número de SND consumidos entre powerlifters de nivel internacional vs nivel nacional (3,20 ± 2,44 vs 3,32 ± 2,57 F=0,069, P=0,903). Tampoco se puo observar diferencias en relación al consumo de SND en ningunas de las categorías basadas en nivel de evidencia descritos por el AIS ni en la proporción de utilización de los distintos SND consumidos (p>0,05). Conclusiones: Aunque los powerlifters internacionales tendieron a consumir suplementos con un mayor nivel de evidencia científica, no se alcanzaron diferencias estadísticas significativas y, por tanto, no se cumplió nuestra hipótesis

Influence of site conditions and land management on Quercus suber L. population dynamics in the southern Iberian Peninsula

During recent decades, tree mortality and dieback have been reported in forest ecosystems across global biomes. Although numerous forest species, including those of the genus Quercus, have been affected by hotter and drier conditions in the Mediterranean Basin during the last decades, there is scarce information regarding the interactive role of past management and climate across large areas of south-western Europe. Here, we examined the influence of several climatic factors (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) over the last 3 decades, latitude, land management and site conditions on the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) population dynamics given their high ecological and economic relevance. We sampled 20 plots across contrasting environmental conditions in SW Iberian Peninsula with different land property (public vs. private) to characterize cork oak tree size, stand density, mortality ratio and regeneration. We observed widespread effects of latitude (8.9% at northern vs. 15.6% at southern plots) and land property (6.9% in private properties vs. 13.9% in public ones) on tree mortality. Tree density and basal area differed with latitude, with higher values (307.2 trees ha-1 and 38.4 m2 ha-1, respectively) at northern populations. In addition, the more intense cork-focused productive management resulted in higher tree sizes in private (mean DBH = 47.3 cm) than in public (mean DBH = 37.8 cm) plots. Tree regeneration was higher in northern forests (94.9 ± 25.2 vs. 26.0 ± 6.1 saplings ha-1 for the southern location), being this difference more pronounced in public plots. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable forest management in public and private forests for further reduction of mortality processes, as well as for enhancing the regeneration aimed to the conservation of cork oak under forecasted drier conditions of these economically invaluable Mediterranean forests

Visiones de la contabilidad en el siglo XXI. Manifestaciones de las prácticas de aseguramiento financiero, a partir de estudios de casos emblemáticos en Colombia

El visiones de la contabilidad siglo XXI integra las manifestaciones de las prácticas de aseguramiento financiero, a partir de estudios de caso emblemáticos en Colombia a través de las reflexiones en proceso de auditoría de las empresas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores; de igual forma, se analiza al auditor, la ética y el control interno desde la perspectiva de éxito o fracaso empresarial y finalmente se estudio la información contable de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, el cuadro de mando integral como herramienta de análisis y los impuestos municipales como referente fundamental para el aseguramiento.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001431144https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001438723https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000543128http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001214578http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000476030https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-235Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-4168https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-3439https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-3809https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-9450laura.gallego@campusucc.edu.coludivia.hernandez@[email protected]@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=i48G4IMAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=SjHqGSYAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=XCX64PoAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=GPQAhRUAAAAJhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=9gw2ob4AAAA