Regulating Transgenic "Pharm" Plants: Pre-Commercialization Review and Post-Commercialization Monitoring

This manuscript presents an analysis of the regulation of transgenic plants that are engineered to express pharmaceutical or industrial products (referred to throughout as “pharm†plants). Pharm plants promise to facilitate the inexpensive production of a variety of specialty products. However, critics have questioned the adequacy of regulatory measures that are intended to safeguard the food supply and the environment. Many pharm plants express unusual products that have not previously entered the food supply, and in many instances the products are intended to have pharmacological effects in humans. The commingling of such plants with food crops could have adverse effects on the safety of the food supply. The current regulatory system relies on processes that are intended to contain the pharm plants, preventing the commingling of pharm plants or their transgenes with food crops or wild plants. A review of the literature on transgene spread, much of it garnered from field experience with the widely commercialized transgenic herbicide- and pest-resistant plants, illustrates the inadequacy of such containment methods. More effective, self-perpetuating biological containment systems exist, but at present there is no effort to gather the environmental and food safety information that would provide a rational basis for determining the appropriate level of containment. By requiring a pre-commercialization review of the environmental and food safety hazards for each new pharm plant, regulatory agencies would be able to set containment measures according to cost-benefit principles. A pre-market review system will provide sound risk predictions for food toxicity issues, but scientists’ abilities to predict environmental risks and food allergy risks are limited. A post-commercialization monitoring system should be used to facilitate the detection of and response to unforseen adverse events. By combining greater pre-commercialization review and post-commercialization monitoring, regulatory agencies can achieve a greater degree of certainty and credibility

Tutoría Docente y Competencia Académica en los estudiantes X semestre, Escuela Profesional de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación – UNMSM, 2018

Analiza las variables “Tutoría Docente y Competencia Académica, en el entorno en el que se desarrollan los estudiantes del X semestre, Escuela Profesional de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación – UNMSM, 2018”. Para lo cual se aplicaron dos cuestionarios, cuyas respuestas fueron procesadas del paquete computacional SPSS versión 21, con el empleo de la fórmula de Rho de Spearman con un margen de error al 5% para los resultados finales. Para hipótesis general halló Rho = .463 moderada, los tutores opinaron como regular, y competencias académicas muestran indiferencia. Primera y segunda hipótesis específicas, identificaron Rho = ,390 y Rho = ,358, mientras tercera y cuarta hipótesis específica determinaron un Rho = ,500 y Rho = ,506, respectivamente. Se evidencia la comunicación eficaz, manejo de conflicto, trabajo en equipo, y planificacar el tiempo, no inciden idóneamente en las competencias académicas de los estudiantes universitarios

Effects of sulfate starvation on agar polysaccharides of Gracilaria species (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) from Morib, Malaysia

The effects of sulfate starvation on the agar characteristics of Gracilaria species was investigated by culturing two red algae from Morib, Malaysia, Gracilaria changii and Gracilaria salicornia in sulfate-free artificial seawater for 5 days. The seaweed samples were collected in October 2012 and March 2013, periods which have significant variation in the amount of rainfall. The agar yields were shown to be independent of sulfate availability, with only 0.60–1.20 % increment in treated G. changii and 0.31–1.40 % increment in treated G. salicornia while their gel strengths did not increase significantly (approximately 5–7 %) after sulfate starvation for both species. The gelling and melting temperatures did not vary between control and treated samples from both species, except for the treated G. changii collected in March 2013. The gel syneresis index of G. salicornia collected in March 2013 increased significantly after sulfate deprivation. Sulfate starvation introduced some variations in the content of 3, 6-anhydrogalactose and total sulfate esters, but the changes did not have a pronounced effect on the physical properties of agar

Tutoría docente y competencia académica en los estudiantes X semestre, Escuela Profesional de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación - UNMSM, 2018

Objective: To establish the relationship that exists between teacher tutoring and academic training in students of the X semester - Professional School of Physical Education of the Faculty of Education of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. Materials and Method: It is a correlational study, questionnaires on teacher tutoring and academic training were applied to a sample of 108 students, later processed in the SPSS program. Results: The general hypothesis found a moderate correlation at 46,3%, the teacher tutoring considered by the students as regular. The first and second specific hypotheses resulted in a low correlation at 39% and 35,8% respectively; while the third and fourth specific hypotheses found a correlation at 50% and 50,6. Conclusion: The tutoring action, represented by effective communication, conflict management, participation and teamwork, and time planning, are not developing efficiently, which is detrimental to the strengthening of their academic competencies.Objetivo: Establecer la relación que existe entre la tutoría docente y la formación académica en los estudiantes del X semestre – Escuela Profesional de Educación Física de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. Materiales y Método: Es un estudio correlacional, se aplicó cuestionarios sobre tutoría docente y formación académica a una muestra de 108 estudiantes, luego procesada en el programa SPSS. Resultados: La hipótesis general halló una correlación moderada al 46,3%, la tutoría docentes considerada por los estudiantes como regular. La primera y segunda hipótesis específicas, resultaron una correlación baja al 39% y 35,8% respectivamente; mientras la tercera y cuarta hipótesis específicas se encontró una correlación al 50% y 50,6. Conclusión: La acción tutora, representado por la comunicación eficaz, el manejo de conflicto, la participación y trabajo en equipo, y la planificación del tiempo, no están desarrollándose eficientemente, lo cual perjudica al fortalecimiento de sus competencias académicas

Sistema de control interno y flujo de efectivo en el área de tesorería de la Municipalidad Distrital de Morales, 2020

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo general fue determinar la relación entre el sistema de control interno y flujo de efectivo en el área de tesorería de la Municipalidad Distrital de Morales, 2020. Para poder cumplir con el mismo se diseñó metodológicamente bajo una investigación de tipo aplicada, diseño no experimental, corte transversal y nivel relacional, la población y muestra se conformó por 22 colaboradores y se les aplicó un cuestionario para el recojo de datos. Los principales resultados demostraron que el sistema de control interno y flujo de efectivo presentaron una relación significativa y positiva media porque el valor p fue igual a 0,005 y el coeficiente obtenido igual a 0,572, así mismo, se evidenció una relación significativa y positiva media entre el sistema de control interno y las actividades de operación, inversión y financiamiento (rho= 0,639; 0,533 y 0,553, p. valor menor al 5% de significancia). Se concluye que el sistema de control interno se relaciona con el flujo de efectivo en el área de tesorería de la Municipalidad Distrital de Morales

Oscillating focus of SopA associated with filamentous structure guides partitioning of F plasmid

The F plasmid is actively partitioned to daughter cells by the sopABC gene. To elucidate the partitioning mechanisms, we simultaneously analysed movements of the plasmid and the SopA ATPase in single living cells. SopA, which is a putative motor protein assembled densely near nucleoid borders and formed a single discrete focus associated with less dense filamentous distribution along the long axis of the cell. The dense SopA focus oscillates between cell poles. The direction of the plasmid motion switches as the SopA focus switches its position. The velocity of the plasmid motion stays constant while it oscillates moving towards the SopA focus. The low density filamentous distribution of SopA persisted throughout the SopA oscillation. The focus associated with filamentous distribution of SopA was also observed in a cell without nucleoid. The SopA filament may guide the movement of the plasmid as a railway track and lead it to cell quarters

ParB deficiency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa destabilizes the partner protein ParA and affects a variety of physiological parameters

Deletions leading to complete or partial removal of ParB were introduced into the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome. Fluorescence microscopy of fixed cells showed that ParB mutants lacking the C-terminal domain or HTH motif formed multiple, less intense foci scattered irregularly, in contrast to the one to four ParB foci per cell symmetrically distributed in wild-type P. aeruginosa. All parB mutations affected both bacterial growth and swarming and swimming motilities, and increased the production of anucleate cells. Similar effects were observed after inactivation of parA of P. aeruginosa. As complete loss of ParA destabilized its partner ParB it was unclear deficiency of which protein is responsible for the mutant phenotypes. Analysis of four parB mutants showed that complete loss of ParB destabilized ParA whereas three mutants that retained the N-terminal 90 aa of ParB did not. As all four parB mutants demonstrate the same defects it can be concluded that either ParB, or ParA and ParB in combination, plays an important role in nucleoid distribution, growth and motility in P. aeruginosa