502 research outputs found

    Generación de conocimiento tecnológico y políticas de innovación : dimensiones e interrelaciones

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    Existen diferencias significativas en la evolución de la competitividad y el progreso tecnológico en el contexto internacional. Ello se puede explicar en gran medida por la desigual estructura de los Sistemas Nacionales de Inno-vación de los países cuyo estudio constituye el principal objetivo del presente artículo. Para su consecución, proponemos y seguiremos un marco de análisis integrado por cuatro dimensiones básicas de los sistemas de innovación: ad-ministraciones públicas, interacción sistema público de I+D-industria/compor-tamiento empresarial, sistema de financiación y movilidad de personal/sistema de educación. Cada una de ellas representa elementos clave para explicar la intensidad de generación y flujo de conocimiento tecnológico entre los agen-tes implicados en los procesos de innovación, determinando la tasa y dirección del aprendizaje tecnológico. ____________________________________________There are prominent differences in the evolution of the competitiveness and technological progress in the international context. This is a consequence of a dissimilar structure of National Systems of Innovation, which analysis is the main aim of this paper. For this purpose, we propose and take into account an analysis framework that is built up by four dimensions: public administra-tions, interaction between public system of R&D and industry/entrepreneurial behavior, finance system and mobility of skill labor/education system. Each dimension represents a key factor to explain the intensity of the technologi-cal knowledge generation and flow between the agents involved in innovation processes, and the impact on the route of technological learning

    Safety culture, safety performance and financial performance. A longitudinal study

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    Safety Culture and managing employee relationships in a safe and socially responsible climate might help avoid risks at the workplace and reputational damage for companies. Drawing on the social approach and Occupational Health and Safety Management, this paper aims to gain further knowledge regarding the impact of safety culture through safety performance on financial performance in organisations. We test a set of hypotheses in a panel data of European companies from different activity sectors from 2005 to 2019. Our findings provide strong support for the premise that companies with policies aimed at improving employee health and safety, employee training, or having safety management systems positively influence safety performance, which in turn has a positive impact on financial performance. The development of safety culture in the company is necessary to meet the needs of employees, and thus improve safety performance. This study has implications for both theory and practice and offers some relevant implications for regulators and policy makers.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA

    Boosting innovation through gender and ethnic diversity in management teams

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    Purpose: This study investigates the link between diversity in management and CEO positions and firm innovation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect that women and ethnic diversity in management and CEO positions have on the development of outstanding innovation in firms. Design/methodology/approach: This paper conducts an empirical analysis to investigate these relationships over time using a large panel database of 1,345 publicly US traded firms. Findings: Results revealed that gender and ethnic diversity at all levels of management exhibited a robust positive association with superior innovation competence. This finding remains robust when alternative proxies for innovation are employed. In contrast, the authors found that women and ethnic minorities at the CEO level had no significant influence. Originality/value: Considering an output measure of innovation, the authors explore the effect of gender and ethnic minority groups in management positions as well as at the CEO level, rather than focusing only on top management teams or board of directors. The authors offer new practical insights regarding the manager selection process that are also useful to support public policy initiatives.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the COMPSOS Project (PID 2020-117313RB-I00), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and of the SOSTEMPRE (B-SEJ-682-UGR20) Project, funded by PROGRAMA OPERATIVO FEDER ANDALUCIA 2014–2020. Additionally, the study has been partially supported by Santander Center for Corporate Social Responsibility at the University of Málaga (Spain). // Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

    Aging the gap: The compensation among men and women executives

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    In this study, we explore how early career advancement affects the gender pay gap among top executives and argue that an employee's age at attainment of an executive position serves as a signal that helps reduce biases toward women, thereby lowering gender pay differentials. We analyze career data of 803 executives from public high-technology manufacturing firms in the United States by collecting information from ExecuComp, Marquis Who's Who, LinkedIn, and Bloomberg. Our results indicate that attaining a top management position at a young age has a positive effect on pay, particularly among women, and this effect is due to the variable portion of compensation, which represents a large proportion of compensation among top executives. Further, recent research has identified a pay premium among high-potential female managers, although its key drivers remain unclear. This paper explores age as an observable signal that influences this premium and reduces the gender pay gap

    Trends and opportunities in research on disability and work: an interdisciplinary perspective.

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    This study aims to analyze status, trends, and possible future research areas in the literature on “disability and work.” It is an in-depth analysis of articles related to this field, published during 1991–2017, in journals included in the Science and Social Sciences Citation Index. Bibliometric methods helped to describe evolution in publications, the most representative contributors, methods applied, main concepts and theories, and topics explored (content analysis). A co-word analysis allowed to create knowledge maps on topics and identify potential venues for future research. The contribution is threefold. First, it contributes to knowledge advancement concerning disability in workplaces, opening new possibilities to discover important research areas. Second, it offers conceptual, theoretical, and methodological suggestions for future research. Third, it has practical implications related to inclusive strategies and initiatives in the workplace which human resource practitioners can use to promote the participation of workers with disabilities improving their labor experience.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by Grant of the University Lecturer National Formation Programme of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Call published by Resolution of 19 November 2015 (BOE of November 27), University of Malaga, Department of Economics and Business Administration (grant number reference FPU15/01546)

    Influencia del liderazgo femenino de empresas europeas en la contratación de personas con discapacidad.

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    A pesar del reconocimiento en la legislación mundial de los derechos laborales de las personas con discapacidad (PcD), estos continúan subrepresentados en el mercado laboral. Estudios previos demostraron que la diversidad de género en altos niveles empresariales puede favorecer la contratación de otras minorías diversas. Por tanto, el propósito de este artículo es examinar la influencia de la diversidad de género en los consejos de administración de las empresas y equipos de alta dirección (EAD) sobre la contratación de las PcD en las organizaciones. Este estudio adquiere gran relevancia teórica y práctica al ser el primero en analizar esta relación en los dos niveles más altos de la firma avanzando en el conocimiento sobre la promoción de la diversidad en las organizaciones. Con base en las teorías del escalón superior y teoría del rol social y para contrastar las hipótesis, llevamos a cabo un estudio longitudinal de una muestra de empresas europeas extraídas de la base de datos ESG de Refinitiv de Thomson Reuters Eikon. Nuestros resultados confirman una relación positiva entre la diversidad de género en los consejos de administración y el EAD y la contratación de PcD. Ampliamos el conocimiento sobre el efecto de la diversidad de género en liderazgo en las acciones inclusivas de la diversidad empresarial, centrándonos en la dimensión específica de la discapacidad. Este estudio da lugar a implicaciones teóricas, gerenciales, prácticas y políticas abriéndose nuevas vías de investigación para futuros análisis que puedan mejorar la inclusión de las PcD en las organizaciones.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

    Ensayo metodológico de planificación física de una autovía en el Estado Miranda (Venezuela)

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    La planificación física con base ecológica es fundamental para desarrollar el potencial ambiental y humano de un territorio. Sin embargo, en numerosas áreas de Latinoamérica hay carencias de información territorial que dificultan estos procedimientos. En esta línea, se ha realizado un ensayo metodológico de una planificación física de una autovía hipotética. Para ello se han realizado modelos en SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica) de capacidad territorial, riesgos, calidad, fragilidad e impacto ambiental, que se han integrado en una síntesis de planificación territorial. El objetivo final ha sido modelizar un mapa de impedancia o fricción frente a la autovía, para aplicar un algoritmo cost distance / cost path y obtener un trazado de autovía que optimizase la capacidad del territorio y minimizase el impacto ambiental. Se ha consolidado un aprendizaje y una primera transferencia I + D dirigida a la gestión territorial y a la toma de decisiones para diversos países de Latinoamérica

    Gender diversity, inclusive innovation and firm performance

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    This study delves into intra-organizational dimensions that might impact inclusive innovation. Based on the expectation states theory, we explore how gender diversity in management positions and on the board of directors affects inclusive innovation. Furthermore, drawing on the signaling theory, we examine the relationship between inclusive innovation and a firm's performance. Using a comprehensive panel data of European manufacturing companies for a period of 10 years, we provide evidence that gender diversity in management positions and the presence of at least one woman on the board of directors have a positive effect on inclusive innovation. Our results also reveal the economic value of such strategy, showing that inclusive innovation positively influences performance. Implications for theory and managerial practice are discussedMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, Grant/Award Number: PID2020-117313RB-I00Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on, Grant/Award Number: PID2020-117313RB-I00Programa Operativo Andalucia FEDER 2012-202

    Kidney Biopsy in Patients with Cancer along the Last Decade: A Multicenter Study

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    Kidney biopsy; Renal pathology; Solid organ neoplasmBiòpsia renal; Patologia renal; Neoplàsia d'òrgans sòlidsBiopsia renal; Patología renal; Neoplasia de órganos sólidosBackground: Currently, following the new advances in cancer treatments and the increasing prevalence of kidney disease in the population, more kidney biopsies are being performed. The aim of our study is to analyze clinical and histological characteristics of patients with active solid organ malignancy who underwent kidney biopsy. This is a multi-center collaborative retrospective study supported by groups GLOSEN/Onconephrology from the Spanish Society of Nephrology. Clinical, demographical and histological data were collected. Results: A total of 148 patients with cancer who underwent a kidney biopsy from 12 hospitals were included. 64.3% men and mean age of 66.9 years old. The indications for biopsy were acute renal injury (67.1%), proteinuria (17.1%), exacerbated chronic kidney disease (8.2%), and chronic kidney disease (7.5%). Most frequent malignances were lung (29.1%) and abdominal (25%), with 49.7% metastatic cancer. As oncospecific treatment, 28% received chemotherapy, 29.3% immunotherapy, 19.3% specific therapies, and 2.1% conservative treatment. At the time of kidney biopsy, median creatinine was of 2.58 mg/dL [1.81–4.1 (IQ 25–75)], median urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of 700 mg/g [256–2463 (IQ 25–75)] and 53.1% presented hematuria. The most frequent renal biopsy diagnoses were: acute interstitial nephritis (39.9%), acute tubular necrosis (8.8%), IgA nephropathy (7.4%) and membranous nephropathy (6.1%). Median follow-up was 15.2 months [5.7–31.4 (IQ 25–75)]. Conclusions: There is a new trend in kidney disease and cancer patients in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Acute interstitial nephritis has established itself as the most common kidney injury in patients with cancer who underwent a kidney biopsy. Renal biopsy is a valuable tool for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of solid organ cancer patients with kidney damage.This work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FEDER, ISCIII, Río Hortega CM20/00111, PI17/00257, PI21/01292, Marató TV3 2020 421/C/2020, Marató TV3 2021 215/C/2021, RD16/0009/0030 (REDINREN), EIN2020-1123381, and RD21/0005/0016 (RICORS 2040)

    Bottom-of-the-pyramid innovations: the impact of gender diversity.

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    This study is aimed at exploring the factors that can promote the fulfilment of the “bottom-of-the-pyramid” approach (BoP). We focus on the intra-organizational dimensions that might impact inclusive innovation developed by firms. Given that managers and upper echelons are responsible for resource allocation and strategic decisions, they have a key role to play in fostering inclusive innovation. Therefore, we explore: (i) the influence of gender diversity in management positions and on the board of directors (BoD) in the deployment of inclusive innovation; (ii) the relationship between inclusive innovation and a company’s performance. Multiple theories support the effect of gender diversity on corporate governance. This study is based on the expectation states theory (EST), and the signalling theory. Drawing on the EST, we argue that the presence of women in management positions is identified with higher expectations given their competences and performance in social matters, such as inclusive innovation. In turn, the second theoretical lens, the signalling theory, explains inclusive innovation as an external signal for stakeholders. Thus, they identify inclusive innovation as a company's commitment to the BoP, allowing the firm to obtain better results. We study a panel dataset of European public manufacturing firms for the period 2008-2017. Our findings reveal that gender diversity in management positions and the presence of at least one woman on the BoD have a positive effect on inclusive innovation. Furthermore, our results also highlight the economic value of such strategy. By measuring its impact on business results, we provide evidence that inclusive innovation positively influences performance. This result is worthy to overcome the traditional assumption regarding the trade-off between social and economic value creation goals in firms.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
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