¿Juegan las instituciones un rol en la perpetración de la tortura?

This text is based on the dissertation conducted by Claudia Andrea Reyes Quilodran, entitled "The main factors that could determine the behavior of a torturer" (2009), submitted at the Washington State University to obtein the degree of PhDoctor of Political Science. The author has continued working on this subject, expanding content and updating bibliography for the preparation of this papers.During the late 1960s and early 1970s, most Latin American countries experienced military coups and military interventions in government affairs. In Chile, the military coup of 1973 established a military regime that lasted seventeen years, from 1973 to 1990. As a result of the military dictatorship thousands of people were killed, disappeared and/or tortured. This study examines the influence of the institutional framework on the occurrence of torture and the behavior of torturers. Perpetrators of torture are the main source of information. Depth interviews were conducted with Chilean military and policemen who were active during the military regime, National Reports and judicial files were analyzed. The study traces the realities that a group within in the military regime faced and examines the ways in which participants attempted to cope with the criminal behavior that was encouraged by the institutional framework.A fines de los años sesenta y principios de los setenta, la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos sufrieron golpes de Estado e intervenciones militares en asuntos gubernamentales. En Chile, el golpe militar de 1973 estableció un régimen militar que duró diecisiete años, de 1973 a 1990. Como resultado de la dictadura militar, miles de personas murieron, desaparecieron y/o fueron torturadas. Este estudio examina la influencia del marco institucional sobre la ocurrencia de torturas y el comportamiento de los torturadores. Los autores de torturas son la principal fuente de información. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con militares chilenos y policías que estuvieron activos durante el régimen militar, se analizaron informes nacionales y expedientes judiciales. El estudio analiza las realidades que enfrentó un grupo de individuos durante el régimen militar y examina las formas en que los participantes intentaron manejar el comportamiento criminal mientras eran alentados por el marco institucional

Explaining Torture: A Case Study

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, most Latin American countries experienced military coups and military interventions in government affairs. One of the worst consequences of these military interventions was the torture and murder of thousands of people. This study focuses on the perpetrators of torture and examines group influences on the occurrence of torture and the behavior of torturers. To achieve this goal, we have conducted field research to interview and evaluate individuals who were members of the Chilean police and military during the 1980s. Interviews were conducted with Chilean military and police torturers active during the military regime (1973 – 1990). Group influences are strongly associated with the institutional context. The study identifies common patterns among the perpetrators but also considers the marked differences between them and demonstrates the important role of the group in enabling the perpetration of torture. Few studies have examined torture behavior in an institutional framework, and the identification of these features may allow this type of crime to be prevented

The main factors that could determine the behavior of a torturer

This study focuses on the perpetrators of torture. It examines the mentality of a torturer through three levels of analysis: the influences of the institutional structure and ideology, specifically Chilean military and police, on the occurrence of torture; the group influences, which are strongly associated to the institutional effects; and, finally, individual characteristics that determine that the individuals became active participants in torture. The case study identifies common patterns between perpetrators, but also the presence of marked differences between them

Do institutions play a role in the perpetration of torture?

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, most Latin American countries experienced military coups and military interventions in government affairs. In Chile, the military coup of 1973 established a military regime that lasted seventeen years, from 1973 to 1990. As a result of the military dictatorship thousands of people were killed, disappeared and/or tortured. This study examines the influence of the institutional framework on the occurrence of torture and the behavior of torturers. Perpetrators of torture are the main source of information. Depth interviews were conducted with Chilean military and policemen who were active during the military regime, National Reports and judicial files were analyzed. The study traces the realities that a group within in the military regime faced and examines the ways in which participants attempted to cope with the criminal behavior that was encouraged by the institutional framework.A fines de los años sesenta y principios de los setenta, la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos sufrieron golpes de Estado e intervenciones militares en asuntos gubernamentales. En Chile, el golpe militar de 1973 estableció un régimen militar que duró diecisiete años, de 1973 a 1990. Como resultado de la dictadura militar, miles de personas murieron, desaparecieron y/o fueron torturadas. Este estudio examina la influencia del marco institucional sobre la ocurrencia de torturas y el comportamiento de los torturadores. Los autores de torturas son la principal fuente de información. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con militares chilenos y policías que estuvieron activos durante el régimen militar, se analizaron informes nacionales y expedientes judiciales. El estudio analiza las realidades que enfrentó un grupo de individuos durante el régimen militar y examina las formas en que los participantes intentaron manejar el comportamiento criminal mientras eran alentados por el marco institucional

Evangelical Belief and Nonviolent Behavior in Chilean Inmates

This study examines whether religious beliefs motivate nonviolent behavior and lower rates of recidivism among Chilean inmates. We collected data through in-depth interviews with 174 inmates using open and close-ended questions. The research used a proportional random sample to select participants, principal component analysis to identify similarities and differences between groups, and content analysis to examine answers to the open-ended interview questions. Its findings indicate that evangelical inmates in Chilean prisons are less violent, more likely to follow internal jail regulations, and more cooperative with professionals and officials. This study contributes to the literature because there was no previous evidence in Chile that religious association, religious conviction, or a desire to change criminal behavior is instrumental to achieving better security during inmates’ stays in prison. The results also demonstrate that the presence of a peer group, with its emotional support and provision of a daily routine, is fundamental if inmates are to successfully handle their anxiety and be less violent

Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial

International audienc