Topological distribution of reversible and non reversible degradation in perovskite solar cells

Lead halide perovskites have recently raised as an easy to process and cost effective photovoltaic material. However, stability issues have to be addressed to meet the market need for 25 years durable technology. The stability of the perovskite itself, as well as the stability of the perovskite embedded in a complete device under real working conditions, are a key challenge for perovskite solar cells. Within this study, we used Photoconductive Atomic Force Microscopy pcAFM and Photoluminescence imaging PL to investigate at the nanoscale level the degradation of the perovskite film under light and voltage stress. Then, we correlate the nanoscale pcAFM and PL analysis to the macroscopic device behaviour in similar ageing condition. We found that non reversible performance losses in a complete device originate from degradation localised at the grain boundaries of the perovskite film. Interesting, within the bulk of the perovskite grains we observed fully reversible behaviours. We conclude that the grain boundaries are detrimental to the device stability and they need to be minimized or passivated to achieve fully stable perovskite solar cells even under anhydrous condition

Epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio en el área de salud de Badajoz

Estudiamos la epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio en el área de salud de Badajoz atendidos en urgencias del Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina que cubre una población de 237.732 habitantes mayores de 15 años, entre Noviembre de 2003 a Octubre de 2004. Se recogieron los datos de edad, sexo, lateralidad, antecedentes personales, lugar donde ocurrió la fractura, mecanismo de producción. El número total fue de 379, de las que 250 (66%) se produjeron en mujeres. La incidencia en hombres fue de 12,5 por 10000 y en la mujeres de 23,5 por 10.000. La edad media fue de 57 años. El lado más afectado fue el izquierdo con 210 (55,6%), 169 (43%) el derecho y 6 (1,3%) bilaterales. Las enfermedades concomitantes más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, la enfermedad neurológica y la diabetes. Un 12,9% de los pacientes seguía o tenía algún tipo de tratamiento contra la osteoporosis. La caída casual o deportiva fueron las causas más frecuentes. Hubo una mayor incidencia en los meses de verano.The epidemiology of distal radius fracture has being studied in Badajoz and its sanitary area during November 2003 to October 2004. The population over 15 years old of this area was 237.732. Age, sex, side, comorbility, mechanism of production were studied. Total number was 379, of which 260 (66%) were in women. The annual incidence was 23.5 per 10000 in women and 12.5 in men per 10.000 inhabitant. The median age was 57. The left side was affected in 210 cases and the right in 169, and bilateral in 6. Arterial hypertension, neurological diseases and diabetes were the most frequent associated diseases. Some form of osteoporosis treatment was taken by 12. 9% . Casual and sport falls were the most frequent mechanism. Most of fractures occur during summer

Correction of defective textures in packaged dry-cured pork ham by applying conventional and ultrasonically-assisted mild thermal treatments

Pastiness is a textural defect characterized by an excessive softness and loss of elasticity which lacks corrective actions at industrial level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the textural and microstructural changes of dry-cured pork ham, with different pastiness levels, subjected to conventional and ultrasonically-assisted corrective mild thermal treatments. Pastiness was assessed by an expert sensory panel and hams were classified into three categories: high (HP), medium (MP) and no (NP) pastiness. Ham samples (n = 108) were heated (40 and 50 °C) with power ultrasound (PuS) and without (CV) PuS application. After heating, all of the textural parameters assessed were improved. Hardness increased by 102% and adhesiveness decreased by 55% and the ham became less viscoelastic. The largest modifications were found in the samples heated at 50 °C and no differences were found between CV and PuS treatments. The microstructure of pasty samples revealed that the treatment produced a shrinkage of the myofibrils, which could explain the increase in hardness and the improvement in texture of defective ham.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Social comparison processes and catastrophising in fibromyalgia:A path analysis

Introduction: In addition to coping strategies, social comparison may play a role in illness adjustment. However, little is known about the role of contrast and identification in social comparison in adaptation to fibromyalgia.Aim: To evaluate through a path analysis in a sample of fibromyalgia patients, the association between identification and contrast in social comparison, catastrophising and specific health outcomes (fibromyalgia illness impact and psychological distress).Material and Method: 131 Spanish fibromyalgia outpatients (mean age: 50.15, SD=11.1) filled out a questionnaire.Results: We present a model that explained 33% of the variance in catastrophising by direct effects of more use of upward contrast and downward identification. In addition, 35% of fibromyalgia illness impact variance was explained by less upward identification, more upward contrast and more catastrophising and 42% of the variance in psychological distress by a direct effect of more use of upward contrast together with higher fibromyalgia illness impact.Discussion: We suggest that intervention programmes with chronic pain and fibromyalgia patients should focus on enhancing the use of upward identification in social comparison, and on minimising the use of upward contrast and downward identification in social comparison

Assessing the textural defect of pastiness in dry-cured pork ham using chemical, microstructural, textural and ultrasonic analyses

The dry-cured pork ham industry lacks non-destructive quality control techniques able to characterize relevant textural defects, such as pastiness or softness. The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of using different destructive and non-destructive techniques to characterize pastiness in dry-cured ham. Dry-cured ham processing was modified in order to induce different pastiness intensities over a wide range of moisture and salt contents. Afterwards, pastiness was assessed by sensory analysis and samples classified as non-pasty, medium-pasty and highly-pasty. Finally, chemical, textural, microstructural (LM and TEM) and ultrasonic analyses (velocity and attenuation coefficient) were carried out. Samples with a high degree of pastiness experienced an increase of 16.8% and 16.7% as regards the proteolysis index and relaxation capacity, respectively, and a 67.7% decrease in hardness compared to non-pasty hams. The microstructural analysis revealed that pastiness brought about great structural degradation. Ultrasonic velocity was significantly related to the salt (r = 0.79) and moisture contents (r = 0.69), but no influence of pastiness was found on the velocity. However, the attenuation coefficient increased as the pastiness rose and could be considered as a useful parameter for characterizing this complex textural defect. Therefore, ultrasound could be used not only to carry out a non-destructive characterization of dry-cured ham composition but also to assess pastiness.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Patología traumática: estudio anatómico y paleopatológico de fracturas de miembros superiores e inferiores de la antigua población de Castielfabid (Rincón de Ademuz, Valencia)

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Tendinopatía del radio: estudio anatómico y paleopatológico

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Tendinopatía de una clavícula: estudio anatómico y paleopatológico

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Miositis calcificante: estudio antropométrico y paleopatológico de tres casos

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200