Physical Resources for Quantum-enhanced Phase Estimation

We study the role of quantum entanglement (particle entanglement and mode entanglement) in optical phase estimation by employing the first and second quantization formalisms of quantum mechanics. The quantum Fisher information (QFI) is expressed as a function of the first and second order optical coherence functions. The resulting form of the QFI elucidates the deriving metrological resources for quantum phase estimation: field intensity and photon detection correlations. In addition, our analysis confirms that mode entanglement is not required for quantum-enhanced interferometry, whereas particle entanglement is a necessary requirement.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Self-calibrating tomography for multi-dimensional systems

We present a formalism for self-calibrating tomography of arbitrary dimensional systems. Self-calibrating quantum state tomography was first introduced in the context of qubits, and allows the reconstruction of the density matrix of an unknown quantum state despite incomplete knowledge of the unitary operations used to change the measurement basis. We show how this can be generalized to qudits, i.e. d-level systems, and provide a specific example for a V-type three-level atomic system whose transition dipole moments are not known. We show that it is always possible to retrieve the unknown state and process parameters, except for a set of zero measure in the state-parameter space.Comment: Revised version. 9 pages, 3 figure

Quantum properties and dynamics of X states

X states are a broad class of two-qubit density matrices that generalize many states of interest in the literature. In this work, we give a comprehensive account of various quantum properties of these states, such as entanglement, negativity, quantum discord and other related quantities. Moreover, we discuss the transformations that preserve their structure both in terms of continuous time evolution and discrete quantum processes.Comment: 13 page

Uso del bloqueo “PENG” para analgesia postoperatoria en cirugía de cadera

La fractura de cadera es un motivo de consulta frecuente en los diferentes centros de salud. En población joven se debe a trauma de alta energía y en población geriátrica se debe a trauma de baja de energía. Esta última es particularmente vulnerable a complicaciones. La inervación de la articulación de la cadera es compleja, de manera que los profesionales encargados del manejo de pacientes con fractura de cadera (o patología de cadera) deberán conocer los detalles anatómicos de esta articulación. La anestesia regional guiada por ultrasonido es una herramienta valiosa para el manejo perioperatorio de los pacientes con fractura de cadera. Existen bloqueos de nervio periférico e interfasciales que proporcionan analgesia de calidad para los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de cadera. El bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsulares (PENG, por sus siglas en inglés) es una técnica de analgesia para pacientes con fractura de cadera. No obstante, hasta este momento, no se cuenta con suficiente evidencia de alta calidad que justifique su uso de manera sistemática.Hip fracture is a frequent reason for consultation in different health centers. In the young population it is due to high energy trauma and in the geriatric population it is due to low energy trauma. The latter is particularly vulnerable to complications. The innervation of the hip joint is complex, so the professionals in charge of the management of patients with hip fracture (or hip pathology) should know the anatomical details of this joint Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a valuable tool for the perioperative management of patients with hip fracture. There are peripheral and interfascial nerve blocks that provide quality analgesia for patients undergoing hip surgery. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is an analgesia technique for patients with a hip fracture. However, to date, there is not enough high-quality evidence to justify its use in a systematic way.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Anestesiología y Recuperació

Retained Catheter in the Aorta

Due to the recent increase in endovascular procedures, retained foreign bodies such as stents and catheters in vasculature have become a common and serious complication. Treatments for these complications vary depending on the acuity and stability of the foreign body in the vessel. We discuss a rare case of an adult found to have an incidental retained umbilical artery catheter in the aorta

The Role of HNRNPC-RARG in APL-like AML

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1037/thumbnail.jp

La vulnerabilidad estructural y las nuevas perspectivas en medicina social sobre la salud de los migrantes: entrevista a James Quesada y Seth M. Holmes

A decade ago, a number of English-speaking authors focused mainly on the analysis and intervention of processes of social determination of health of migrants developed the concept of structural vulnerability as a way to combat individualism, biologism, the invisibilization of processes of structural determination and the blaming of victims. As part of the historical contributions of social medicine, the current developments of the structural vulnerability approach have been disconnected from the discussions of the collective health movement and Latin American social medicine in general, among other reasons due to linguistic barriers associated with the scarcity of publications in Spanish. The present interview, conducted with two of the primary representatives of the structural vulnerability approach, investigates its historical origins and seeks to explore the specific contributions that are being made today, as a way to bring them closer to Spanish-speaking readers and so enable dialogue with the proposals of Latin American social medicine.Desde hace una década, varios autores anglófonos, centrados principalmente en el análisis e intervención de los procesos de determinación social de la salud de los migrantes, forjaron el concepto de vulnerabilidad estructural, como una forma de combatir el individualismo, el biologismo, la invisibilización de los procesos de determinación estructural y la culpabilización de las víctimas. Siendo parte de las contribuciones históricas de la medicina social, los actuales desarrollos de la aproximación sobre la vulnerabilidad estructural han quedado desconectadas de las discusiones del movimiento de la salud colectiva y la medicina social latinoamericana en general, entre otras razones, por las barreras lingüísticas asociadas a la escasez de sus publicaciones en español. La presente entrevista, realizada a dos de sus principales representantes, indaga los orígenes históricos de dicha aproximación y busca explorar las contribuciones específicas que hoy está realizando, como una forma de acercarlas a los lectores de habla hispana, favoreciendo el diálogo con las propuestas de medicina social latinoamericanas

A simple one-pot oxidation protocol for the synthesis of dehydrohedione from Hedione

A new method for the oxidation of Hedione 1 to dehydrohedione 2, a high value intermediate in the flavour and fragrance industry, has developed based upon one pot α-chlorination-elimination sequence which can be readily scaled. The spontaneous elimination of the α-chloro in methanol was unprecedented and has allowed for the oxidation, typically performed in multiple steps/reactions, to be carried out as a one-pot protocol. A continuous flow process for performing the reaction utilising sulfuryl chloride has also demonstrated allowing for steady, safe evolution of SO2 gas during the reaction

Brain endothelial tricellular junctions as novel sites for T cell diapedesis across the blood–brain barrier

The migration of activated T cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance and inflammation. Whereas T cell diapedesis across the intact BBB seems to occur preferentially through the BBB cellular junctions, impaired BBB integrity during neuroinflammation is accompanied by increased transcellular T cell diapedesis. The underlying mechanisms directing T cells to paracellular versus transcellular sites of diapedesis across the BBB remain to be explored. By combining in vitro live-cell imaging of T cell migration across primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (pMBMECs) under physiological flow with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), we have identified BBB tricellular junctions as novel sites for T cell diapedesis across the BBB. Downregulated expression of tricellular junctional proteins or protein-based targeting of their interactions in pMBMEC monolayers correlated with enhanced transcellular T cell diapedesis, and abluminal presence of chemokines increased T cell diapedesis through tricellular junctions. Our observations assign an entirely novel role to BBB tricellular junctions in regulating T cell entry into the CNS. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper