Influencia del INVOS en la detección de la insuficiencia renal aguda asociada a cirugía cardíaca del adulto

La insuficiencia renal aguda asociada a cirugía cardíaca (IRAACC) se ha establecido como el mayor factor de mortalidad en pacientes operados de patología cardiovascular. Se han realizado numerosos estudios con el objetivo de la predicción de esta entidad. Por un lado, la monitorización de los niveles de creatinina o de otros marcadores bioquímicos no nos permite un diagnóstico precoz. Por otro lado, la monitorización de la saturación cerebral de oxígeno, que es método establecido de medición, podría no correlacionarse lo suficiente con la incidencia de IRAACC. Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo (121 pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca en 2017) con el objetivo de valorar la utilidad de la monitorización de la saturación renal de oxígeno durante 48 horas después de la cirugía para comprobar su predicción de IRAACC. Se comparó la correlación de la saturación cerebral y renal de oxígeno con la incidencia de IRAACC. La predicción por parte de la saturación renal de oxígeno quedó demostrada y por tanto concluimos que su monitorización continua mediante el dispositivo NIRS (INVOS) podría ser de gran utilidad.Grado en Medicin

Simulation of a SBLOCA in a hot leg. Scaling considerations andapplication to a nuclear power plant

The main goal of this work is to study the physical phenomena observed during a Small Break Loss-Of-Coolant Accident transient performed in a small-scale Integral Test Facility and to determine the capabilityof the thermal hydraulic code TRACE5 to reproduce these phenomena in a scale-up model. The accidentscenario analyzed is based on Test 1.2 in the frame of the OECD/NEA ROSA Project, which simulatesa 1% hot leg Small Break Loss-Of-Coolant Accident in the Large Scale Test Facility of the Japan AtomicEnergy Agency. During this test, natural circulation in primary loops occurs, cooling the core during someminutes. This is an important phenomenon, which needs to be checked by means of different TRACE5models. With this aim, Test 1 2 has been simulated using a TRACE5 model reproducing the geometricaland thermal hydraulic features of Large Scale Test Facility. In order to determine if this phenomenon canbe reliably extrapolated to a scale-up plant, a new TRACE5 model has been developed. The geometricalfeatures of this scale-up model are determined using a fixed scaling ratio respect to the original LSTFfeatures. On the other hand, 4 and 3-loop standard Westinghouse PWR models are used in order tosimulate the same transient and compare the behaviour of the main thermal hydraulic variables withthose obtained in the Large Scale Test Facility model and in the Large Scale Test Facility scale-up model.Results show that both Large Scale Test Facility and the scale-up models present the same behaviourduring the whole transient. Important discrepancies are found in the results corresponding to 4 and3-loop PWR TRACE5 models. In both models, natural circulation is not properly reproduced. Trying toimprove the simulation results, the nodalizations of U-tubes and pressure vessel were tested. Resultsstate that the nodalization of U-tubes clearly affects the natural circulation simulation. However, thevessel nodalization effect is not as important.This work contains findings produced within the OECD-NEA ROSA Project. This work is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion (Grant number: AP2009-2600), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under Projects ENE2011-22823 and ENE2012-34585 and the Generalitat Valenciana under Projects PROMETEO/2010/039 and ACOMP/2013/237.Querol Vives, A.; Gallardo Bermell, S.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2015). Simulation of a SBLOCA in a hot leg. Scaling considerations andapplication to a nuclear power plant. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 283:81-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.10.006S819928

Break location influence in pressure vessel SBLOCA scenarios

[EN] The inspections performed in Davis Besse and the South Texas Project Unit-I reactors pointed out safety issues regarding the structural integrity of the Pressure Vessel (PV). In these inspections, two anomalies were found: a wall thinning and degradation in the PV upper head of the Davis Besse reactor and a small amount of residue around two instrument-tube penetration nozzles located in the PV lower plenum of the South Texas Project Unit-I reactor. The evolution of these defects could have resulted in Small Break Loss-Of-Coolant Accidents (SBLOCA) if they had not been detected in time. In this frame, the OECD/NEA considered the necessity to simulate these accidental sequences in the OECD/NEA ROSA Project using the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF). This work is focused on simulating different hypothetical accidental scenarios in the PV using the thermalhydraulic code TRACE5. These simulations allow studying the break localization influence in the transient and the effectiveness of the accident management (AM) actions considered mitigating the consequences of these hypothetical accidental scenarios.This work contains findings that were produced within the OECD-NEA ROSA Project. The authors are grateful to the Management Board of the ROSA Project for their consent to this publication and thank the Spanish Nuclear Regulatory Body (CSN) for the technical and financial support under the agreement STN/1388/05/748Lorduy, M.; Querol, A.; Gallardo Bermell, S.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2021). Break location influence in pressure vessel SBLOCA scenarios. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences. 8(3B):1-17. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/182307S11783

Detection of the Saharan dust air layer in the North Atlantic free troposphere with AERONET, OMI and in-situ data at Izaña Atmospheric Observatory

Comunicación presentada en: Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites celebrado del 8 al 10 de junio de 2010 en Interlaken, Suiza

Efficient Scalable Computing through Flexible Applications and Adaptive Workloads

In this paper we introduce a methodology for dynamic job reconfiguration driven by the programming model runtime in collaboration with the global resource manager. We improve the system throughput by exploiting malleability techniques (in terms of number of MPI ranks) through the reallocation of resources assigned to a job during its execution. In our proposal, the OmpSs runtime reconfigures the number of MPI ranks during the execution of an application in cooperation with the Slurm workload manager. In addition, we take advantage of OmpSs offload semantics to allow application developers deal with data redistribution. By combining these elements a job is able to expand itself in order to exploit idle nodes or be shrunk if other queued jobs could be initiated. This novel approach adapts the system workload in order to increase the throughput as well as make a smarter use of the underlying resources. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach can reduce the total execution time of a practical workload by more than 40% while reducing the amount of resources by 30%.This work is supported by the Project TIN2014-53495-R and TIN2015-65316-P from MINECO and FEDER. Antonio J. Peña is cofinanced by MINECO under Juan de la Cierva fellowship number IJCI-2015-23266. Special thanks to José I. Aliaga for the conjugate gradient code.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Using lattice tools and unfolding methods for hpge detector efficiency simulation with the Monte Carlo code MCNP5

In environmental radioactivity measurements, High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors are commonly used due to their excellent resolution. Efficiency calibration of detectors is essential to determine activity of radionuclides. The Monte Carlo method has been proved to be a powerful tool to complement efficiency calculations. In aged detectors, efficiency is partially deteriorated due to the dead layer increasing and consequently, the active volume decreasing. The characterization of the radiation transport in the dead layer is essential for a realistic HPGe simulation. In this work, the MCNP5 code is used to calculate the detector efficiency. The F4MESH tally is used to determine the photon and electron fluence in the dead layer and the active volume. The energy deposited in the Ge has been analyzed using the *F8 tally. The F8 tally is used to obtain spectra and to calculate the detector efficiency. When the photon fluence and the energy deposition in the crystal are known, some unfolding methods can be used to estimate the activity of a given source. In this way, the efficiency is obtained and serves to verify the value obtained by other methods.Querol Vives, A.; Gallardo Bermell, S.; Ródenas Diago, J.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2015). Using lattice tools and unfolding methods for hpge detector efficiency simulation with the Monte Carlo code MCNP5. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 116:219-225. doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.027S21922511

Bioinformatics and Moonlighting Proteins

Multitasking or moonlighting is the capability of some proteins to execute two or more biochemical functions. Usually, moonlighting proteins are experimentally revealed by serendipity. For this reason, it would be helpful that Bioinformatics could predict this multifunctionality, especially because of the large amounts of sequences from genome projects. In the present work, we analyse and describe several approaches that use sequences, structures, interactomics and current bioinformatics algorithms and programs to try to overcome this problem. Among these approaches are: a) remote homology searches using Psi-Blast, b) detection of functional motifs and domains, c) analysis of data from protein-protein interaction databases (PPIs), d) match the query protein sequence to 3D databases (i.e., algorithms as PISITE), e) mutation correlation analysis between amino acids by algorithms as MISTIC. Programs designed to identify functional motif/domains detect mainly the canonical function but usually fail in the detection of the moonlighting one, Pfam and ProDom being the best methods. Remote homology search by Psi-Blast combined with data from interactomics databases (PPIs) have the best performance. Structural information and mutation correlation analysis can help us to map the functional sites. Mutation correlation analysis can only be used in very specific situations –it requires the existence of multialigned family protein sequences - but can suggest how the evolutionary process of second function acquisition took place. The multitasking protein database MultitaskProtDB (http://wallace.uab.es/multitask/), previously published by our group, has been used as a benchmark for the all of the analyses

MultitaskProtDB: a database of multitasking proteins

We have compiled MultitaskProtDB, available online at http://wallace.uab.es/multitask, to provide a repository where the many multitasking proteins found in the literature can be stored. Multitasking or moonlighting is the capability of some proteins to execute two or more biological functions. Usually, multitasking proteins are experimentally revealed by serendipity. This ability of proteins to perform multitasking functions helps us to understand one of the ways used by cells to perform many complex functions with a limited number of genes. Even so, the study of this phenomenon is complex because, among other things, there is no database of moonlighting proteins. The existence of such a tool facilitates the collection and dissemination of these important data. This work reports the database, MultitaskProtDB, which is designed as a friendly user web page containing >288 multitasking proteins with their NCBI and UniProt accession numbers, canonical and additional biological functions, monomeric/oligomeric states, PDB codes when available and bibliographic references. This database also serves to gain insight into some characteristics of multitasking proteins such as frequencies of the different pairs of functions, phylogenetic conservation and so forth.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de Espanya [BIO2007-67904-C02-01, BFU2010-22209-C02-01]; Centre de Referència de R+D de Biotecnologia de la Generalitat de Catalunya; La Marató de TV3 [101930/31/32/33]; Comisión Coordinadora del Interior de Uruguay. The English of this manuscript has been corrected by Ms Lynn Strother. Funding for open access charge: [BIO2007-67904-C02-01 and BFU2010-22209-C02-01]

Simulación con TRACE5 de una rotura pequeña del 1% en rama caliente

Durante un transitorio de rotura pequeña con pérdida de refrigerante (SBLOCA) la despresurización puede ser tan lenta que retrase la entrada del sistema de acumuladores, siendo necesaria la actuación del sistema de inyección de alta presión (HPI) para mantener la temperatura del núcleo lo suficientemente baja como para evitar el boíl-off del núcleo. Con esto se evita el descubrimiento del núcleo y, por tanto, un aumento de la temperatura de vaina (PCT). En este trabajo se ha simulado, con el código termohidráulico TRACE5, el Test 1-2 del Proyecto OECD/NEA ROSA que reproduce una rotura del 1% en la rama caliente de un reactor de agua a presión (PWR). Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con los valores experimentales para estudiar el efecto de la estratificación del líquido en la rama caliente, la geometría y el tamaño de la rotura y el caudal inyectado por el sistema HPI.En este trabajo aparecen los resultados que se obtuvieron en el Proyecto Internacional OECD/NEAROSA. Los autores agradecen al “Management Board” del Proyecto ROSA su consentimiento a esta publicación, y al Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN) por el apoyo técnico y financiero en virtud del acuerdo STN/1388/05/748. Además este trabajo también ha sido apoyado por la beca de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, referencia AP2009‐2600Querol Vives, A.; Gallardo Bermell, S.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2013). Simulación con TRACE5 de una rotura pequeña del 1% en rama caliente. Grupo Senda. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/49054