ATLAS VIRTUAL DE HEMATOLOGIA COMPARADA DE AVES MANTIDAS SOB CUIDADOS HUMANO

A popularidade de aves silvestres e exóticas mantidas sob cuidados humanos contribuiu para que um grande número de espécies seja mantido em cativeiro, não apenas como animais de estimação, mas também em zoológicos e criadouros conservacionistas. Aves em cativeiro raramente demonstram sinais clínicos, quando doentes e portanto, para um melhor cuidado clínico dessas, se faz necessário um conhecimento dos valores hematológicos normais das espécies, bem como a determinação de parâmetros morfológicos de suas células sanguíneas, contribuindo desta forma com o diagnóstico de enfermidades que acometem os animais, tanto mantidos em cativeiro como de vida livre. É competência do médico veterinário saber realizar exames como hemogramas, bem como interpretá-los e um atlas de hematologia comparada de aves tem o objetivo de oferecer um recurso para treinamento de habilidades de interpretação das morfologias de células sanguíneas de diferentes aves, contribuído com sua formação acadêmica

Nerve Stimulator-Guided Ciatic and Femoral Nerve Block during Tibial Osteosynthesis in Chinchilla lanigera

Background: Nociceptive stimulation in orthopedic surgery requires effective pain management to ensure trans and postoperative patient comfort. Several techniques can be used for this, and multimodal analgesia protocols such as guided locoregional blocks provide a balanced effect, as they enable the use of low-dose anesthetics and offer rapid recovery. The benefits of specific nerve blocks in domestic animals are well known; however, there are few reports that have ascertained their safety in wild species. This report is aimed at describing the successful use of neurolocalizer-guided sciatic and femoral nerve blocks during tibial osteosyntheses in a chinchilla.Case: A 9-month-old chinchilla weighing 0.56 kg was referred for surgery for proximal and mid-diaphyseal tibia fractures resulting from trauma. Following preanesthetic evaluation, the animal received intramuscular dexmedetomidine (15 µg kg-1) as preanesthetic medication. Sedation was apparent after 15 min and was verified by a decreased activity, the animal allowing manipulation, absence of the eyelid and righting reflexes, and limb movement after clamping removal of limb after clamping. After achieving sedation, anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane (FiO2 = 1.0), supplied through a nasoral mask. Sciatic and femoral nerve blocks were performed with the aid of a neurostimulator. A needle was inserted into the femoral triangle, cranial to the femoral artery, and into the depression between the sciatic tuberosity and the greater femoral trochanter. The neurostimulator was set at a pulse frequency of 1 Hz, pulse duration of 0.1 ms and initial current of 0.6 mA. The needle was advanced toward the nerves until muscle contractions were observed, and the current was gradually reduced until contractions were manifested at a minimum current of 0.2 mA. Ropivacaine 0.2% (1 mg kg-1) was injected at each point. Intraoperative physiological parameters remained stable and within the reference limits while the animal was under light anesthesia. Signs of recovery appeared soon after the inhaled anesthesia was stopped; awakening was gradual and without any signs of excitement or other adverse effects, eliminating the need for additional analgesic medication. Subcutaneous fluid therapy, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory medications were administered immediately postoperatively.Discussion: This report is groundbreaking in describing neurostimulation-guided sciatic and femoral nerve blocks as an alternative to epidural anesthesia for hind limb surgery; furthermore, it demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine in Chinchilla lanigera, which is relevant to the clinical use of the drug as part of a rodent anesthetic protocol. Sevoflurane associated dexmedetomidine use and locoregional anesthesia resulted in cardiorespiratory stability and the absence of behavioral signs of pain in the immediate postoperative period. The technique was easy to apply, and the use of the neurolocalizer increased blockade safety by allowing anesthesia administration as close as possible to the nerve. The ability to use low doses is a significant benefit in patients with low body weights. Therefore, the chosen protocol resulted in a safe and balanced anesthesia with an effective regional block that provided trans and postoperative analgesia and allowed rapid recovery for chinchilla tibial osteosynthesis

Parasitology Research

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p.457-461Neospora caninum, Hammondia sp., and Toxoplasma gondii are parasites with morphological and genetic similarities. N. caninum and T. gondii are important abortive agents of cattle and sheep, respectively, and may infect numerous animal species. Hammondia sp. is not known to induce disease in animals, but may cause confusion in the identification of closely related coccidia. The aim of this study was to investigate infection rates caused by N. caninum, Hammondia sp., and T. gondii in beef cattle using a nested PCR for Toxoplasmatinae rDNA, followed by sequencing of the PCR products. Antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii were also investigated in the tested animals. Brains and hearts were obtained from 100 beef cattle in a slaughterhouse in Bahia. Seven samples from brain tested positive for Toxoplasmatinae DNA. No positive reactions were found in heart tissues. After sequencing of the PCR products from all positive tissues, five sequences matched with N. caninum and two matched with T. gondii. Antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii were found in 20% and 26% of the animals, respectively. The confirmation of N. caninum and the absence of Hammondia heydorni in the tested animals is suggestive that cattle are not efficient intermediate hosts of H. heydorni; however further studies need to be performed using a greater variety of tissues and a higher sample size. The detection of T. gondii DNA in bovine tissues reinforces the potential risk of transmission of this parasite to humans and other animals through the consumption of bovine meat