Measuring the anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the W+W−→W+W−W^+W^-\to W^+W^- process at muon collider using artificial neural networks

The muon collider provides a unique opportunity to study the vector boson scattering processes and dimension-8 operators contributing to anomalous quartic gauge couplings. Because of the cleaner final state, it is easier to decode subprocess and certain operator couplings at a muon collider. We attempt to identify the anomalous $WWWW$ coupling in $WW\to WW$ scattering in this paper. The vector boson scattering process corresponding to the anomalous $WWWW$ coupling is $\mu^+\mu^-\to \nu\nu\bar{\nu}\bar{\nu}\ell^+\ell^-$, with four (anti-)neutrinos in the final state, which pose difficulties for phenomenological studies. In this paper, the machine learning method is used to tackle this problem. We find that, the artificial neural network can be used to extract the $W^+W^-\to W^+W^-$ contribution, and is useful to reconstruct the center of mass energy of the subprocess which is important in the study of the Standard Model effective field theory. The sensitivities and the expected constraints on the dimension-8 operators at the muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=30$ TeV are presented. The artificial neural networks exhibit great potential in the phenomenological study of processes with multiple neutrinos in the final state.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, 7 table

Goal-directed fluid optimization based on stroke volume variation and cardiac index during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracoscopy lobectomy operations: a pilot study

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study was designed to utilize stroke volume variation and cardiac index to ensure fluid optimization during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomies. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomized into either a goal-directed therapy group or a control group. In the goal-directed therapy group, the stroke volume variation was controlled at 10%±1%, and the cardiac index was controlled at a minimum of 2.5 L.min-1.m-2. In the control group, the MAP was maintained at between 65 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, heart rate was maintained at between 60 BPM and 100 BPM, and urinary output was greater than 0.5 mL/kg-1/h-1. The hemodynamic variables, arterial blood gas analyses, total administered fluid volume and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: The PaO2/FiO2-ratio before the end of one-lung ventilation in the goal-directed therapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there were no differences between the goal-directed therapy group and the control group for the PaO2/FiO2-ratio or other arterial blood gas analysis indices prior to anesthesia. The extubation time was significantly earlier in the goal-directed therapy group, but there was no difference in the length of hospital stay. Patients in the control group had greater urine volumes, and they were given greater colloid and overall fluid volumes. Nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in the goal-directed therapy group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that an optimization protocol, based on stroke volume variation and cardiac index obtained with a FloTrac/Vigileo device, increased the PaO2/FiO2-ratio and reduced the overall fluid volume, intubation time and postoperative complications (nausea and vomiting) in thoracic surgery patients requiring one-lung ventilation

Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analogues Therapy for Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B reduces the Risk of Long-Term Complications: a meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effect of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on reducing the risk of long-term complications (LTCs) remains unclear so far. To study whether long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy can reduce the risk of long-term complications.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Relative risks (RRs) of long-term complications with or without treatment were studied. Also subgroup analyses including the status of drug-resistance, HBeAg and pre-existing compensated cirrhosis were done using relative risks of long-term complications either with or without treatment or among nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six eligible studies (3644 patients in all) were included. Data showed the incidence of long-term complications in treatment groups was induced by 74%(RR:0.26, 95% CI: 0.15-0.47) compared with no treatment. Whether drug-resistant happened or not during the long-term therapy, the incidence of long-term complications was still significantly induced respectively by 45%(RR: 0.55,95%CI:0.40-0.76) and 78% (RR:0.22, 95%CI: 0.13-0.36). For both different status of HBeAg and pre-existing compensated cirrhosis, there was significant lower incidence of long-term complications in treatment groups compared with no treatment, too. Moreover, among the NA treatment groups, patients with drug-resistance had 2.64 times (RR:2.64, 95%CI: 1.58-4.41) higher chance of developing to long-term complications, and patients with pre-existing compensated cirrhosis also had 3.07 times (RR:3.07, 95%CI: 1.04-9.11) higher chance of developing to long-term complications.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for adults with CHB prevents or delays the development of long-term complications including decompensated cirrhosis, CHB-related death or CHB-related HCC in patients with CHB. The patients who need take antiviral drugs should receive the antiviral therapy as soon as possible.</p

Quality Difference Study of Six Varieties of Ganoderma lucidum with Different Origins

The quality difference of six varieties Ganoderma lucidum with different origins was investigated in this study by comparing the contents of ganoderic acid A and B, polysaccharide, and triterpenoids. The contents of ganoderic acid A and B in G. lucidum were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). There was higher content of ganoderic acid A in G. lucidum of Dabie Mountain and Longquan. The G. lucidum from Longquan has the highest content of ganoderic acid B. The content of polysaccharide was determined by Anthrone–sulfuric acid method. The highest of polysaccharide content is G. lucidum from Liaocheng. The content of triterpenoid in G. lucidum was quantified by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 548.1 nm using Ursolic acid as standard. The G. lucidum from Dabie Mountain has the highest content of triterpenoids. In summary, the content of ganoderic acid A and B, polysaccharide, and triterpenoids in G. lucidum with different origins are remarkably different, which may be caused by the conditions of cultivation and geographic environment

Aquaporin-3 Re-Expression Induces Differentiation in a Phospholipase D2-Dependent Manner in Aquaporin-3-Knockout Mouse Keratinocytes

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a water and glycerol channel expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. Despite many studies, controversy remains about the role of AQP3 in keratinocyte differentiation. Previously, our laboratory has shown co-localization of AQP3 and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) in caveolin-rich membrane microdomains. We hypothesized that AQP3 transports glycerol and “funnels” this primary alcohol to PLD2 to form a pro-differentiative signal, such that the action of AQP3 to induce differentiation should require PLD2. To test this idea, we re-expressed AQP3 in mouse keratinocytes derived from AQP3-knockout mice. The re-expression of AQP3, which increased [3H]glycerol uptake, also induced mRNA and protein expression of epidermal differentiation markers such as keratin 1, keratin 10, and loricrin, with or without the induction of differentiation by an elevated extracellular calcium concentration. Re-expression of AQP3 had no effect on the expression of the proliferation markers keratin 5 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of PLD2, CAY10594, and a lipase-dead (LD) PLD2 mutant, but not a LD PLD1 mutant, significantly inhibited AQP3 re-expression–induced differentiation marker expression with calcium elevation, suggesting a role for PLD2 in this process. Thus, our results indicate that AQP3 has a pro-differentiative role in epidermal keratinocytes and that PLD2 activity is necessary for this effect

Molecular characterization of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 3 newly isolated in Guangzhou, China, during 2009–2010

SummaryBackgroundAfter an absence of 29 years, dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) re-emerged in Guangzhou in 2009 and again in 2010. However, the geographical route by which the virus entered the city, and how it has changed genetically, remain unclear. Therefore, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the molecular characteristics of the DENV-3 involved.MethodsThe envelope (E) genes of viruses isolated from dengue patients during the 2009–2010 epidemics were sequenced and compared with previously published E gene sequences of global representative DENV-3 strains available in GenBank, including isolates circulating in other provinces of China.ResultsA total of 13 isolates (seven from 2009 and six from 2010) were obtained from human serum samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were grouped into three genotypes (I, III, and V) and then two clades within genotype III (genotype I from Indonesia, genotype III clade A from Côte d’Ivoire, genotype III clade B from Tanzania, and genotype V from Philippines). In addition, there were 1.3–9.0% and 0.5–3.9% differences in the nucleic and deduced amino acid sequences between the 2009 and 2010 strains, respectively.ConclusionsThe DENV-3 viruses from the period 2009–2010 were not from the continuous spread of an epidemic strain or the re-emergence of the 2009 strains in the 2-year period. The introduction of different DENV-3 genotypes following more than one geographical route was an important contributing factor to the 2009–2010 dengue epidemics in Guangzhou

Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and dementia syndromes

© 2020 The Authors. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2012-100785Objectives: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has a range of adverse health effects, but its association with dementia remains unclear and with dementia syndromes unknown. We examined the dose-response relationship between ETS exposure and dementia syndromes. Methods: Using a standard method of GMS, we interviewed 5921 people aged ≥60 years in five provinces in China in 2007-2009 and characterised their ETS exposure. Five levels of dementia syndrome were diagnosed using the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy instrument. The relative risk (RR) of moderate (levels 1-2) and severe (levels 3-5) dementia syndromes among participants exposed to ETS was calculated in multivariate adjusted regression models. Results: 626 participants (10.6%) had severe dementia syndromes and 869 (14.7%) moderate syndromes. Participants exposed to ETS had a significantly increased risk of severe syndromes (adjusted RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.59). This was dose-dependently related to exposure level and duration. The cumulative exposure dose data showed an adjusted RR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.28) for >0-24 level years of exposure, 1.15 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.42) for 25-49 level years, 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.59) for 59-74 level years, 1.39 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.84) for 75-99 level years and 1.95 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.83) for ≥100 level years. Significant associations with severe syndromes were found in never smokers and in former/current smokers. There were no positive associations between ETS and moderate dementia syndromes. Conclusions: ETS should be considered an important risk factor for severe dementia syndromes. Avoidance of ETS may reduce the rates of severe dementia syndromes worldwide.Published versio