Microbial remediation of petroleum polluted soil

Saabunud / Received 10.05.2022 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 28.07.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 28.07.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Anna Taranenko ; [email protected] issues of land pollution, restoration, and return of land to agricultural cultivation are today. Especially, this is gaining new relevance in modern conditions of military action on the territory of Ukraine and other countries, which causes the reduction of cultivation areas. Therefore, there is a need for maximum cleaning and restoration of polluted soils to ensure environmental and food security. Petroleum hydrocarbons are classified as major environmental pollutants due to their stability and durability in the environment. The influence of petroleum hydrocarbons is caused by direct toxic activity and by the soil environment transformation. The research aimed: to study the effectiveness of probiotics in the technology of soil cleaning and remediation; evaluate the phytotoxic effect of oil-contaminated soil before and after the application of probiotics; to find the optimal concentration of probiotics for the effective cleaning and remediation of soil. The seedling method was used to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of contaminated soil before and after the application of probiotics. Research results showed an ambiguous impact on Pisum sativum and Avéna satíva at different times after pollution. In the initial phase, polluted soil has no significant influence on Pisum sativum. For Avéna satíva soil, become toxic right away after pollution. Phytotoxic effect of Pisum sativum and Avéna sativa decrease by the indexes of seed emergence, roots length, roots weight, underground part length and ground part weight due to probiotics treatment. The high efficiency of biological remediation by probiotics in comparison with soil cleaning in natural conditions is determined in the experiment. Probiotic concentration 1:10 is the most effective of all studied initial concentrations of pollutants. Reducing probiotic concentration leads to a decrease in the efficiency of soil cleaning from petroleum products

Agroecological characteristics of the effect of a mixture of probiotic preparations with concomitant formation water on soil microorganisms

In the context of energy and environmental crisis, the search for new substances ensuring the formation of microbial cenosis with a rich composition of agronomically valuable groups of bacteria, the optimal level of humification, and the increase of organic matter in the soil will allow to substantiate innovative environmentally safe types of fertilizers and plant protection under specific soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of microbial cenosis of podzolic chernozem soil and the intensity of soil-biological processes upon application of a mixture of probiotic preparations and concomitant formation water in different concentrations. Different concentrations of concomitant formation water (СFW) and probiotic preparations were applied to the soil in the selected plots, and the soil microbial cenoses of farmland were evaluated in the spring and autumn periods on days 15, 30, and 60 after application of the mixtures. Soil without the application of any substances was considered a control variant. The most effective impact is observed on day 30 after application, there is an activation of microbiological processes on day 15, and a significant decrease is observed on day 60, although higher than the control due to the prolonged action of СFW. It was determined that the best variant of the experiment in both spring and autumn periods to improve the viability of soil microbial cenosis is the option of joint use of СFW at a concentration of 900 L ha-1 and probiotic Sviteco-Agrobiotic-01 diluted in a ratio of 1:10 (dose 100 L ha-1). In particular, the total number of all groups of bacteria in the soil increases with the use of probiotics diluted in a ratio of 1:10 (15-31% compared to control) and is the maximum when using a mixture of СFW at a dose of 900 L ha-1 and 10% probiotic (by 82-102% compared to control). Based on the analysis of the coefficients of mineralization-immobilization, oligotrophy, and pedotrophy, it was found that the application of СFW mixture and probiotic increases the soil nutrient content for different ecological and trophic groups of bacteria, reduces the rate of humus decomposition and creates favorable conditions for the development of soil bacteria

Case study: Influence of probiotics-based products on phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi in agrocenosis

Saabunud / Received 02.11.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 22.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 23.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Anna Taranenko [email protected] recent years bacterial diseases of agricultural plants have reached a new level of epiphytoty and they appear as an essential factor that influences crop yield. It is important to use products, which provide the eradication of pathogenic agents and the prevention of their development and propagation. The objective of our study is to define the effect of probiotics, based on Bacillus subtillis, on bactericidal and fungicidal activities, and to develop the recommendations for probiotics application in a biological system of plant protection. The results show that studied solutions Sviteco-PPW, Sviteco-OPL and Sviteco-Agrobiotic-01 affect phytopathogenic bacteria. Sviteco-Agrobiotic-01 either is the most active product, in its native state or diluted. It has demonstrated high antagonizing activity against all studied phytopathogenic bacteria. Hence, Sviteco-Agrobiotic-01 has the best potential to be used in the biological protection system of grain crops, grain legumes, vegetables from the most dangerous and widely spread pathogenic bacteria. Research results don't show a significant effect of studied probiotics on phytopathogenic fungicidal activity

Influence of Bacillus subtilis on soil microbiocenosis

The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolized chernozem soil and the intensity of soil-biological processes when using probiotic preparations in different concentrations containing Bacillus subtilis were studied. Probiotic preparations were applied to the soil in different concentrations and doses in separate areas, and the viability of the soil microbial coenosis of agricultural land was assessed in the spring and autumn periods on the 15th and 30th days after the application of the mixtures. The soil without any substances was considered a control option. The analysis of the coefficients of mineralization - immobilization, oligotrophicity and pedotrophicity determined that the use of probiotics helps to increase the content of nutrients in the soil for various ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, showed that the best result for the functioning of the microbial coenosis of podzolic chernozem soil is observed when using a probiotic in a dilution of 1:10 in a dose of 100 l ha-1. Thus, the use of probiotics in a dilution of 1:10 at a dose of 100 l ha-1 can be used as an environmentally friendly fertilizer in organic farming, which will improve the biological parameters of the soi

Sunflower Residues-Based Biorefinery: Circular Economy Indicators

Fossil fuel price increases, their uneven distribution, environmental issues from their incineration, and lack of guarantees of their energy security are the main drivers for the development of green energy. Agricultural waste is an abundant resource for energy bioprocessing, which improves the functioning of the circular economy. In this study, the following were used as the main indicators: the share of renewable energy and the benefit from it, the coefficient of cyclical use of biomass, and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The ways in which sunflower waste is applied for energy purposes are emphasized. The highest comprehensive ecological and economic effects are shown to be achieved in the production of biogas from sunflower residues with the incineration of this biogas in cogeneration plants. The residues from the biogas plant that are left after fermentation should be used as a biofertilizer. Such a cyclic system allows not only the full processing of all biomass waste that significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions during the cultivation and processing of sunflower, but also an increase in the share of renewable energy used in technological processes up to 70%

Total Water Consumption and Evaporation of Winter Wheat in the Irrigation Zone of Southern Ukraine

The most important element in the development of the irrigation regime of agricultural crops is the total water consumption or/and the amount of water that plants need during the growing season to obtain the planned crop in specific natural conditions while optimising all technological processes. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of total water consumption and average daily evaporation of winter wheat plants depending on the natural moisture supply of growing years, irrigation regimes, and groundwater level in the irrigation zone of southern Ukraine. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and systems analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical, historical, field research, statistical and economic-mathematical, etc. The highest indicators of total water consumption were observed in the average weather conditions and amounted to 4,263 m3/ha in the 2-metre layer of soil, in wet years characterised by moderate temperatures, high humidity, and a considerable number of days with precipitation, the average water consumption from this soil layer was 3,993 m3/ha. In dry years, which were characterised by hot weather with low humidity and low precipitation, the total water consumption was the lowest and amounted to 3685 m3/ha. The reduction of the growing season occurs in late June – early July when high air temperatures and low humidity are observed, which is the main reason for the decrease in the total water consumption of irrigated winter wheat. Analysis of data on the use of moisture from different soil layers indicates that during the autumn growing season and during the wintering of plants water reserves in the deep layers are replenished. In general, during the growing season of winter wheat, considering the winter period, the field of this crop consumes an average of 5.2 thousand m3 of water during irrigation over 12 years. Observation of the average daily evaporation of winter wheat plants in conditions of natural and artificial irrigation indicates that it has the form of a parabola, the maximum mark of which falls on the interphase period of earing – the beginning of milky ripeness of grai

Вивчення характеристик бінарних Ni–Co окси-гідроксидів для використання в суперконденсаторах

Binary Ni-Co compounds, namely oxyhydroxides and cobaltates of nickel, are promising active compounds for supercapacitors. The characteristics of binary Ni-Co oxyhydroxides synthesized using the method of high-temperature two-stage synthesis with hot and cold hydrolysis were studied. The crystal structure of the samples was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, particle morphology –scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical characteristics – cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling.By means of scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the samples of cold and hot hydrolysis are nano-structured powders composed of flower-like particles, composed of 70–90 nm thick plates. The results of XRD and thermogravimetric analyses revealed that both samples are binary Ni-Co oxyhydroxides (hydrated nickel cobaltates with different hydration levels) with the presence of pure nickel cobaltate. Hot hydrolysis samples contain less water and more nickel cobaltate. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling revealed that in the cold hydrolysis Ni-Co sample, only the nickel component is electrochemically active. The maximum capacity of the cold hydrolysis sample is 185.7 F/g (at 10 mA/cm2). With the increase of current density to 120 mA/cm2, the specific capacity drops by 4.47 times. The hot hydrolysis sample was found to have both nickel and cobalt components active: the sample having increased capacity with increasing current density from 10 mA/cm2 to 120 mA/cm2 by 1.25 times, up to 192.5 F/g. The hot hydrolysis sample was found to possess high reversibility and high effectiveness of the electrochemical component from cycle 1Бинарные соединения Ni-Co, в частности оксигидроксиды и кобальтат никеля, являются перспективными активными веществами суперконденсаторов. Изучены характеристики бинарных Ni-Co окси-гидроксидов, полученных высокотемпературным двухступенчатым синтезом при использовании горячего и холодного гидролиза. Кристаллическая структура образцов изучена методом рентгенофазового анализа и термогравиметрии, морфология частиц – методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии, электрохимические характеристики – методами циклической вольтамперометрии и гальваностатического зарядно-разрядного циклирования в суперконденсаторном режиме.Методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии показано, что образцы холодного и горячего гидролиза состоят из наноструктурированных частиц типа «бутон цветка», сформированных пластинчатыми первичными частицами толщиной 70-90 нм. Методами рентгенофазового анализа и термогравиметрии показано, что оба образца являются гидратированными кобальтатами никеля с разной степенью гидратации, при наличии чистого кобальтата никеля. Циклической вольтамперометрией и гальваностатическим зарядно-разрядного циклированием показано, что в образце Ni–Co окси-гидроксида холодного гидролиза электрохимически активна только никелевая составляющая. Максимальная емкость образец холодного гидродиза – 185,7 Ф/г (при 10 мА/см2). С повышением плотности тока циклирования до 120 мА/см2 удельная емкость падает в 4,47 раза. Для образца горячего гидролиза выявлена активность как никелевой, так и кобальтовой составляющей: при росте плотности тока циклирования с 10 мА/см2 до 120 мА/см2 удельная емкость возрастает в 1,25 раза до 192,5 Ф/г. Для образца горячего гидролиза показана очень высокая обратимость и высокая эффективность с 1 цикла работыБінарні сполуки Ni-Co, такі як оксі-гідроксиди та кобальтат нікелю, є перспективними активними речовинами суперконденсаторів. Вивчено характеристики бінарних Ni-Co оксі-гідроксидів, отриманих высокотемпературним двухступеневим синтезом при використанні гарячого та холодного гідролізу. Кристалічна структура зразків вивчена методом ренгенофазового аналізу та термогравіметрії, морфологія часток – методом скануючої електронної мікроскопії, електрохімічні характеристики – методами циклічної вольтамперометрії та гальваностатичного зарядно-розрядного циклювання в суперконденсаторному режимі.Методом скануючої електронної мікроскопії показано, что зразки холодного і гарячего гідролізу складаються із наноструктурованих часток типа «бутон квітки», сформованих пластинчатими первинними частками товщиною 70-90 нм. Методами рентгенофазового аналізу та термогравіметрії показано, що обидва зразки є гідратованими кобальтатами нікелю з різним ступенем гідратації, при наявності чистого кобальтату нікелю. Циклічною вольтамперометрією та гальваностатичним зарядно-розрядним циклюванням показано, що в зразку Ni–Co оксі-гідроксида холодного гідролізу електрохімічно активною є тільки нікелева складова. Максимальна ємність зразку холодного гідролізу – 185,7 Ф/г (при 10 мА/см2). З підвищенням густини струму циклювання до 120 мА/см2 питома ємність падає в 4,47 рази. Для зразка гарячого гідроліза виявлена активність як нікелевої, так і кобальтової складової: при зростанні густини струму циклювання з 10 мА/см2 до 120 мА/см2 питома ємність збільшується в 1,25 рази до 192,5 Ф/г. Для зразку гарячого гідролізу показана дуже висока оберненість та висока ефективність з 1 циклу робот

Вивчення характеристик бінарних Ni–Co окси-гідроксидів для використання в суперконденсаторах

Binary Ni-Co compounds, namely oxyhydroxides and cobaltates of nickel, are promising active compounds for supercapacitors. The characteristics of binary Ni-Co oxyhydroxides synthesized using the method of high-temperature two-stage synthesis with hot and cold hydrolysis were studied. The crystal structure of the samples was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, particle morphology –scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical characteristics – cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling.By means of scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the samples of cold and hot hydrolysis are nano-structured powders composed of flower-like particles, composed of 70–90 nm thick plates. The results of XRD and thermogravimetric analyses revealed that both samples are binary Ni-Co oxyhydroxides (hydrated nickel cobaltates with different hydration levels) with the presence of pure nickel cobaltate. Hot hydrolysis samples contain less water and more nickel cobaltate. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling revealed that in the cold hydrolysis Ni-Co sample, only the nickel component is electrochemically active. The maximum capacity of the cold hydrolysis sample is 185.7 F/g (at 10 mA/cm2). With the increase of current density to 120 mA/cm2, the specific capacity drops by 4.47 times. The hot hydrolysis sample was found to have both nickel and cobalt components active: the sample having increased capacity with increasing current density from 10 mA/cm2 to 120 mA/cm2 by 1.25 times, up to 192.5 F/g. The hot hydrolysis sample was found to possess high reversibility and high effectiveness of the electrochemical component from cycle 1Бинарные соединения Ni-Co, в частности оксигидроксиды и кобальтат никеля, являются перспективными активными веществами суперконденсаторов. Изучены характеристики бинарных Ni-Co окси-гидроксидов, полученных высокотемпературным двухступенчатым синтезом при использовании горячего и холодного гидролиза. Кристаллическая структура образцов изучена методом рентгенофазового анализа и термогравиметрии, морфология частиц – методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии, электрохимические характеристики – методами циклической вольтамперометрии и гальваностатического зарядно-разрядного циклирования в суперконденсаторном режиме.Методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии показано, что образцы холодного и горячего гидролиза состоят из наноструктурированных частиц типа «бутон цветка», сформированных пластинчатыми первичными частицами толщиной 70-90 нм. Методами рентгенофазового анализа и термогравиметрии показано, что оба образца являются гидратированными кобальтатами никеля с разной степенью гидратации, при наличии чистого кобальтата никеля. Циклической вольтамперометрией и гальваностатическим зарядно-разрядного циклированием показано, что в образце Ni–Co окси-гидроксида холодного гидролиза электрохимически активна только никелевая составляющая. Максимальная емкость образец холодного гидродиза – 185,7 Ф/г (при 10 мА/см2). С повышением плотности тока циклирования до 120 мА/см2 удельная емкость падает в 4,47 раза. Для образца горячего гидролиза выявлена активность как никелевой, так и кобальтовой составляющей: при росте плотности тока циклирования с 10 мА/см2 до 120 мА/см2 удельная емкость возрастает в 1,25 раза до 192,5 Ф/г. Для образца горячего гидролиза показана очень высокая обратимость и высокая эффективность с 1 цикла работыБінарні сполуки Ni-Co, такі як оксі-гідроксиди та кобальтат нікелю, є перспективними активними речовинами суперконденсаторів. Вивчено характеристики бінарних Ni-Co оксі-гідроксидів, отриманих высокотемпературним двухступеневим синтезом при використанні гарячого та холодного гідролізу. Кристалічна структура зразків вивчена методом ренгенофазового аналізу та термогравіметрії, морфологія часток – методом скануючої електронної мікроскопії, електрохімічні характеристики – методами циклічної вольтамперометрії та гальваностатичного зарядно-розрядного циклювання в суперконденсаторному режимі.Методом скануючої електронної мікроскопії показано, что зразки холодного і гарячего гідролізу складаються із наноструктурованих часток типа «бутон квітки», сформованих пластинчатими первинними частками товщиною 70-90 нм. Методами рентгенофазового аналізу та термогравіметрії показано, що обидва зразки є гідратованими кобальтатами нікелю з різним ступенем гідратації, при наявності чистого кобальтату нікелю. Циклічною вольтамперометрією та гальваностатичним зарядно-розрядним циклюванням показано, що в зразку Ni–Co оксі-гідроксида холодного гідролізу електрохімічно активною є тільки нікелева складова. Максимальна ємність зразку холодного гідролізу – 185,7 Ф/г (при 10 мА/см2). З підвищенням густини струму циклювання до 120 мА/см2 питома ємність падає в 4,47 рази. Для зразка гарячого гідроліза виявлена активність як нікелевої, так і кобальтової складової: при зростанні густини струму циклювання з 10 мА/см2 до 120 мА/см2 питома ємність збільшується в 1,25 рази до 192,5 Ф/г. Для зразку гарячого гідролізу показана дуже висока оберненість та висока ефективність з 1 циклу робот