Recent development of magnetic sensor

With recent advancement of sensors development, many efforts have been made in improving technologies that can turn every measurable value in the environment into something meaningful at least that is the idea of transducers – a collection of devices that can convert physical quantities into electrical value. For instance, temperature sensor converts degree of hotness (temperature) into voltages, which in turn can be hooked on an electrical signal processing circuit to produce a thermo-controller. Various other types of transducer are available nowadays that can detect many elements, for examples ultrasonic sensor for distance, pressure sensors, proximity, infrared sensors and many others..

A functional link neural network with modified cuckoo search for prediction tasks

The impact of temperature, relative humidity and ozone changes bring a sharp warming climate. These changes can cause extreme consequences such as floods, hurricanes, heat waves and droughts. Therefore, prediction of temperature and relative humidity is an important factor to measure the environmental changes. Neural network, especially the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which uses Back Propagation algorithm (BP) as a supervised learning method, has been successfully applied in various problems for meteorological prediction tasks. However, this architecture has still been facing problems which the convergence rate is very low due to the multi layering topology of the network. Thus, this research proposed an implementation of Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) which composed of a single layer of tunable weight trained with the Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm (MCS). The proposed approach was used to predict the daily temperatures, relative humidity and ozone data. Extensive simulation results have been compared with standard MLP trained with the BP, FLNN with BP and FLNN with CS. Promising results have shown that the proposed model has successfully out performed 14% percentage compared to other network models with reduced prediction error and fast convergence rate

Pocket-hydro turbine into capsule hydro turbine

The capsule hydro turbine (CaHT) is a continuous power machine in which a wheel or rotor typically filted whereas produce electricity. It is designed like a capsule shape which has two twin turbines on both output to generate energy as an alternative power supply. The devide is capable of producing output of 12v to power up electrical applicances. The device consist of dynamos, turbines, charging circuit, battery, inverter, and wire cables. The result of the capsule hydro turbine (CaHT) field is presented in three types of graphs as in this paper. The optimum voltage of battery was 6.97v. By using these terms, the research project has successfully improvised the pocket hydro turbine (PHT) into capsule hydro turbine (CaHT

Physics on the go: A mobile computer-based physics laboratory for learning forces and motion

"Forces and Motion" is a topic that requires students to relate contents to real life applications but most of them have difficulties in connecting physics concepts to its corresponding representations and the connections of the representations to the real world. This contributes to poor conceptual understanding among the students. Conventional teaching approaches also create poor interest among the students in studying Physics. Some school laboratories are not equipped sufficiently and some apparatus are broken or out dated. Therefore, a Mobile Science Laboratory (MSL) is applied in the research to provide an alternative to better functioning laboratory which also uses Microcomputer-Based Laboratory (MBL) in providing up-to-date apparatus in data acquisition. This research investigates the impact of Mobile Computer-based Physics Laboratory (MCPL) which is a combination of the use of MSL and MBL in teaching and learning "Forces and Motion" called PotGo (Physics on the Go) using semi-structured interview. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The result shows that MCPL improves the students' understanding in Forces and Motion because the students can see and experience the concepts in real life and getting the data in real time. MCPL is interesting for students because they can conduct Physics experiments using computers and technology, it is fun and the students can explore the Physics concepts with little time for setting up the experiments. Therefore, the use of PoTGo in MCPL affects students' learning in "Forces and Motion" and interest towards Physics

Development of an electrical charge sensing prototype for pneumatic conveying imaging system

In the view of heterogeneous flow characteristics of solid particles in pneumatic pipeline system, electrostatic signals of an array 16 electrical charge sensors were developed. The distribution solid particle properties of the electrostatic signals in handling of vertical pneumatic conveying system under different flow conditions were monitored and experimental verification was conducted. The results show that the energy distribution of an array electrostatic signals can be used to determine the distribution of solids inside the pipe. Regardless of the differences in mass flow rate, the pattern of experimental outputs was identical which demonstrates that mass flow rate disparity has no impact on the structure of voltage output. This result also indicates that the electrical charge sensor able to quantify the dissemination of solid particles in pneumatic conveying stably and accurately

Image reconstruction methods for ultrasonic transmission mode tomography in bubbly flow regime

Image reconstruction from projections plays an important role in monitoring flow regimes by ultrasonic transmission mode tomography (UTMT) system. Fast and more accurate methods are necessary in case of on-line process e.g. bubbly flow regimes. In this work, analytical image reconstruction methods such as linear back projection (LBP), filter back projection (FBP) and convolution back projection (CBP) in bubbly flow regime is investigated and found that CBP is superior to other methods. Furthermore, different filters were applied to CBP to investigate the image quality improvement. Among different types of filters for CBP method, Ram-lack outperforms the others for UTMT. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of reconstructed images in this particular experiment was improved using Ram-lack in noiseless data

Development of a distillation column scanning apparatus using gamma-ray tomography

Process column and reactor scanning apparatus are process diagnostics instrumentation and is required to be brought to the plant and used by specialized personnel. Radioisotope gauges have been used for this type of measurements for more than 50 years, and is still widely used. Data is normally recorded for subsequent off-line analysis. Often multiple measurements are carried out in a scan for instance by manually lowering a source down one side of a vessel and a detector down the other to build up a vertical density profile. A trained operator can then easily interpret this signature and provide information on the state of the process as well as the process vessel

New sensor design for capacitance tomography

Any two adjacent conductors can be considering as a capacitor, and different dielectric properties between the conductors will create different capacitor value. An ECT system is able to obtain information about the contents of vessels, based on measuring variations in the dielectric properties of the flowing material inside the vessel. ECT can be used with vessels of any cross-section, but most work to-date has used circular geometries (Malcolm Byars, 2001)

Last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network routing enhancement

This study focuses on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that support Internet routing protocol imposing stringent resource consumption constraints of Quality of service (QoS). The mobile Internet causes the on-going issue of inefficient use of the MANET resources due to its random nature of wireless environments. In this paper, the new improved architecture of the last mile mobile hybrid optical-wireless access network (adLMMHOWAN) is proposed and designed to tackle the arised issues. The proposed design is based on a unified wireless-wired network solution required the deployment of MANET-based wireless fidelity (WiFi) technology at the wireless front-end and wavelengths division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM PON) at the optical backhaul. The critical performance metrics such as network capacity and energy consumption based on modified AODVUU routing protocol using OMNeT++ software is analyzed with 2 scenarios, namely the number of nodes and mobility speed. This mode of communication results in better QoS network capacity of 47.07% improvement, with 26.85% reduction of lower energy resource consumption for mobile wireless front-end over passive optical network backhaul architecture when compared with the existing work of oRiq scheme that focus on improvement in MANETs

Simulation Studies on Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Portable Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive and non-intrusive internal visualization tomographic modality which promising a better quantification by providing cross-sectional distribution information of any kind of multiphase flow. These studies aim to investigate the non-iterative and iterative image reconstruction for 16 channels of portable electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) through simulation work. Linear Back Projection (LBP) as a non-iterative algorithm was compared with the Landweber and generalized vector sampled pattern matching (GVSPM) iterative algorithm for four cases which are core flow, annular flow, stratified flow and two circles by evaluation of image error and image correlation. The results show Landweber algorithms produces lowest percentage error, close to phantom as higher correlation coefficient and acceptable elapsed time. Iterative image reconstruction will produce accurate results by eliminating the artifacts near actual object and enhance the capability of segmented ECT in multiphase flow identification