Evaluation of exercise hypertension in healthy young adults: an observational study

Background: The prevalence of hypertension is increasing globally as well as in Indian subcontinent. Exercise leads to an increase in the blood pressure especially systolic blood pressure. However, an increase in the diastolic blood pressure after exercise remarks for a risk of cardio-vascular disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the exercise hypertension among the healthy young adults.Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary health care facility. A total of 150 healthy students were finally included in this study for analysis. The study subjects were belonging to 18-22 years old of both genders. The blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. Author used two stair equipment for exercise in which students are allowed to step-up and step down for 5 minutes without any rest. The statistical analyses were carried out by using Graph-Pad Instate. Results: The mean age of the students was 19.8±1.3 years and 92(61.33%) being males. The mean systolic blood pressure was 117.1±7.74 mmHg in resting condition which was significantly increased to 140.0±13.9 mm Hg after exercise (p<0.0001). In contrast, the diastolic blood pressure in resting condition was 78.3±7.89 mm Hg which was significantly reduced to 71.85±7.96 mm Hg after exercise (p<0.0001). The decrease in the diastolic blood pressure was inconsistence and 9 students had increased value after exercise which was found to be normal.Conclusions: Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured during resting condition and after exercise was significantly differs. These differences were found to be normal which remarks for a better cardio-logical status in healthy young students.

A comparative analysis of total haemoglobin level and red blood cells count in ABO blood groups of healthy adults

Background: The haemoglobin content and red blood cells counts in four different ABO blood groups in healthy adults remain conflicting with different results. The present study was undertaken to analyse the possible differences in the haemoglobin content and red blood cell counts in health adults in four ABO blood groups.Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary health care facility. A total of 227 healthy students were finally included in this study for analysis. The study subjects were belonging to 18-22 years old of both genders. The haemoglobin content was measured by Sahli’s method and ABO blood group typing along with Rh D typing was carried out in all the students. The statistical analyses were carried out by using Graph-Pad Instat.Results: The mean age of the students was 19.91 years with 59.9% being males. Both haemoglobin level and red blood cells counts were significantly high in males compared to females. Blood groups A, B, AB and O was reported in 41(18.06%), 63(27.75%), 15(6.60%) and 108(47.58%) healthy students respectively.conclusion: There was no significant difference was observed in the mean haemoglobin level and red blood cells counts among the four ABO blood groups

Clinical features and outcomes of hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease: A case series

The severity of sickle cell disease may vary from asymptomatic to severe form including episodes of painful events and severe anemia. This hospital-based study was carried out to study the incidence of different clinical signs and symptoms in patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalization. Forty patients with sickle cell disease were included in the study. Hematological and clinical parameters were analyzed in each patient. Majority of the patients had episodes of painful events (65.0%), followed by fever (42.5%) and jaundice (32.5%). Fourteen patients had infection including malaria (6 patients), urinary tract infection (4 patients), septicemia (2 patients), pneumonia (1 patient), and acute calculous cholecystitis (1 patient) and 2 patients died. Patients with infection had lower hemoglobin level compared to patients without infection. Infections in these patients lead to higher morbidity and mortality rate. An early choice of antibiotics for infections along with supportive therapy for sickle cell disease can reduce the disease severity and save valuable life

Effect of sitagliptine and vildagliptine on carotid intima/media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Atherosclerosis is a known macro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Gliptins, as a drug class have non-glycemic beneficial action on blood vessels and in addition to their anti-diabetic effects. This study was carried out to find out the effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin on common carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The observational longitudinal study was carried out on 100 patients with 80 patients with confirmed clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were divided in 3 groups. Group A and Group B received drugs, either sitagliptine or vildagliptin and Group C control group did not receive any drug. High resolution B-mode ultrasonography was carried out for the measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT) of both the common carotid arteries (CCA). Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel spreadsheet and GraphPad Prism version 7.0 (free trial version) software package. A p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The baseline value for the control group was 0.812±0.0748 mm for both the right and left CCA. At 52 weeks the CCA IMT for the right and left CCA were 1.0185± 0.272 mm and 0.936±0.149 mm respectively. At 104 weeks the CCA IMT for the right and left CCA were 0.923±0.243 mm and 0.859±0.123 mm respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant decrease in carotid intima-media thickness in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus treated with sitagliptin and vildagliptin

Non-stationary stochastic inventory lot-sizing with emission and service level constraints in a carbon cap-and-trade system

Firms worldwide are taking major initiatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their supply chains in response to the growing governmental and consumer pressures. In real life, these supply chains face stochastic and non-stationary demand but most of the studies on inventory lot-sizing problem with emission concerns consider deterministic demand. In this paper, we study the inventory lot-sizing problem under non-stationary stochastic demand condition with emission and cycle service level constraints considering carbon cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism. Using a mixed integer linear programming model, this paper aims to investigate the effects of emission parameters, product- and system-related features on the supply chain performance through extensive computational experiments to cover general type business settings and not a specific scenario. Results show that cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation have significant impacts on total cost and emission irrespective of level of demand variability while the impact of product’s demand pattern is significant only at lower level of demand variability. Finally, results also show that increasing value of carbon price reduces total cost, total emission and total inventory and the scope of emission reduction by increasing carbon price is greater at higher levels of cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation.The analysis of results helps supply chain managers to take right decision in different demand and service level situations

Non-stationary stochastic inventory lot-sizing with emission and service level constraints in a carbon cap-and-trade system

Firms worldwide are taking major initiatives to reduce the carbon footprint of their supply chains in response to the growing governmental and consumer pressures. In real life, these supply chains face stochastic and non-stationary demand but most of the studies on inventory lot-sizing problem with emission concerns consider deterministic demand. In this paper, we study the inventory lot-sizing problem under non-stationary stochastic demand condition with emission and cycle service level constraints considering carbon cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism. Using a mixed integer linear programming model, this paper aims to investigate the effects of emission parameters, product- and system-related features on the supply chain performance through extensive computational experiments to cover general type business settings and not a specific scenario. Results show that cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation have significant impacts on total cost and emission irrespective of level of demand variability while the impact of product's demand pattern is significant only at lower level of demand variability. Finally, results also show that increasing value of carbon price reduces total cost, total emission and total inventory and the scope of emission reduction by increasing carbon price is greater at higher levels of cycle service level and demand coefficient of variation. The analysis of results helps supply chain managers to take right decision in different demand and service level situations