Acceptance of criminal liability of the legal persons in the South East Europe countries – the solution of legislator in Kosovo

The issue of criminal liability of legal persons is currently a concept that has been raised worldwide, as result of the growing influence of legal entities, in all areas of economic and social life, thus enabling the potential for committing many criminal offences on their behalf and benefit. After a long tradition in the "Common law", in recent decades the corporate criminal liability is also accepted in the countries that are part of the "Civil law" as a response to the need of protecting from corporate crimes. This trend has existed also in the South East Europe countries towards regulation such liability (Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Serbia, Croatia, etc.). In this paper we will analyze in the comparative aspect the legal solution in the South East Europe countries. In particular, we will address the main aspects of criminal liability of legal persons in the Republic of Kosovo

Plans to create a pan-European electricity grid as part of the common energy market face a number of challenges before they can be realised.

In March 2011 the European Council formulated plans to create a common European energy market by 2014. However, as Lidia Puka and Kacper Szulecki write, a real common energy market will also require a pan-European electricity grid, with improved bilateral links between European countries. They note that despite presenting obvious benefits for participating states, attempts to strengthen cross-border connections between countries such as France and Spain, or Germany and Poland, have faced a number of challenges. One of the primary problems in this respect is that EU level governance can only offer part of the solution, with Member State governments largely responsible for improving their own electricity links with neighbouring states

An ARIMA birth number per month model for Albanian population

Population projection models play a significant role in analyzing currentdemographic processes, as well as in forecasting their future development. In this study,we examine the number of birth per month, over the twenty-four year period 1985-2008in Albania. We use data from INSTAT Albania official site. From a careful observationof the data, we see that there are months where the number of births is clearly higher, aswell as others, where it seems to be lower. A decreasing trend is also evident. In ourstudy, we use the Box-Jenkins methodology and R software as a programming languageto consider process seasonal patterns. We model data by an ARIMA (p, d, q) stochasticprocess and we use it to forecast the number of births in Albania on the future. The modelcan be useful for governmental or nongovernmental agencies as well as insurancescompanies interested on birth number evolution in Albania

Some Indicators For Testing The Accuracy Of A Prediction Model And Codes In Matlab

The accurate software cost estimation of the software project is an important issuein the software engineering community. To date there are build different algorithmic models of effort (especially when there are some independent variables). After that,the work is focused upon selection of the most efficient prediction model. Thegoodness of the model is expressed on high percentage of spreading of dependent variables and lessening the number of independent variables. The accuracy of the model measure via F statistics, T statistics, or another indicator which are functionof the model's relative errors. Usually, the efficient model used in practice is whichever give the less mean error without testing if this model is in fact statistically significant. This can lead to unstable (erroneous) results (conclusions).There are statistics used in practice which are conditioned from the data's probability distribution; when this is unknown, the test of hypothesis yields problems. In this paper, the application of non parametric criterion, like Wilcoxoncriterion, seem to be more reasonable. In this work is used this technique in order totest the significance between two prediction models: linear regression and log-linearregression. A program is written, tested and executed in MATLAB 6.5 the calculations, implementation and testing of those algorithms are performed withmathematics package MATLAB 6.5

La macchina pensante e il pensiero educativo

In this paper we will present the relationship that has always occurred between people and technology, “the thinking machine”. Such relationship has become so interlaced in our technologically advanced cultures, that technology is itself considered as “the destiny of our time”. It is for this reason that in this paper wewill try to consider some theories concerning the construction of “intelligent machines”, that is, referring to the typical peculiarities of the human thought. This field’s theoretical starting point is strictly physical. The possibility to artificially reproduce intelligence is related to the study of the material of the cognitive processes. The “revolution” that this prospective of study brings in all fieldsof knowledge is connected to the need to initiate, master and to develop the knowledge of the people-system as an indispensible precondition to whatever realization of the system-machine.On the one hand, we will analyze this idea from the point of view of information processing, defined as Artificial Intelligence, while from the other side we will analyze the cognitive processes of the people in order to obtain from the machine his/her own intelligent behaviors as well as enquire and study the cognitiveprocesses of the people so that we can artificially identify “the internal artificial architecture” by examining the effects of the cognitive development provoked by the contact with the new technologies.In questo articolo presenteremo il rapporto che da sempre si è verificato tra le persone e la tecnologia, “la macchina pensante”. Tale rapporto è diventato così intrecciato nelle nostre culture tecnologicamente avanzate, che la tecnologia è di per sé considerata come “il destino del nostro tempo”. È per questo motivo che in questo contributo si cercherà di considerare alcune teorie relative alla costruzione di “macchine intelligenti”, facendo riferimento alle peculiarità tipiche del pensiero umano.Il punto di partenza teorico di questo campo è strettamente fisico. La possibilità di riprodurre artificialmente intelligenza è legata allo studio del materiale dei processi cognitivi. La “rivoluzione” che questo studio prospettico introduce in tutti i campi della conoscenza è collegata alla necessità di avviare, master e sviluppare la conoscenza del sistema-persona come condizione indispensabileper qualunque realizzazione del sistema-macchina.Da un lato, è necessario analizzare quest’idea dal punto di vista dell’elaborazione delle informazioni, definito come intelligenza artificiale, mentre, dall’altro lato, vanno analizzati i processi cognitivi delle persone, al fine di ottenere dalla macchina comportamenti intelligenti; è pertanto necessario informarsi estudiare i processi cognitivi delle persone in modo da poter identificare artificialmente “l’architettura artificiale interna” esaminando gli effetti dello sviluppo cognitivo provocato dal contatto con le nuove tecnologie

EDUCATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF DURRES DURING THE ALBANIAN PROCESS OF TRANSITION

The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the critical social-economic development transformations in Durrës as one of the most economically important cities of Albania. Since the fall of communism, Durrës is overcoming a critical economic situation, which has had an adverse impact on its social indicators. Actually, after two decades, the process of urbanization is still facing challenges all over the country. The quality of environmental development has improved recently but implementation leave much to be desired. Durrës underwent an uncontrolled urban development, where illegal buildings were constructed in previously green areas. In this paper the transition process will be analyze through a thorough overview of the sectors and the areas that are problematic. It will try to identify in which conditions are this sectors, which potential do they have, and which pose a threat and what kind of threat. A good starting point in understanding the actual development, is also the analyze of the hot areas of Durrës that might need intervention. It is very important to approach these issues and to establish a new strategy for an sustainable development, so that Durrës can place itself on the right way of becoming a competitive European center

Educazione degli Adulti in una società globale. Una concettualizzazione da un punto di vista storico

In the light of this preliminary reflection, we can therefore assert that eventoday, at the beginning of the Third Millennium and in the full-time of information technology and complete realization of the global village, in short,in the area of diffused knowledge, the Adult Education, both as a scientificdiscipline and as institutionalized activity, retains the essential and originaldouble meaning, on the one hand, of reflection/intervention to help theadult literacy to recover a deficit of alphabetization caused by the increasingtechnological complexity and knowledge of the contemporary world, and on the other hand, to care for the needs of self-education, cultural and spiritual growth of each person in the whole course of his life.Just at the time when Adult Education is becoming more and more the characterof an utilitarian, instrumental intervention required by the exigencies of technological upgrading of production world and signs of serious employmentcrisis in all sectors, it must also preserve the other function, that of activity meeting the most intimate needs, of more intense spirituality andfreedom of the individual.Alla luce di questa riflessione preliminare, possiamo quindi affermare cheancora oggi, all’inizio del Terzo Millennio e nel tempo pieno della tecnologiainformatica e nella compiuta realizzazione del villaggio globale, insommanell’area della conoscenza diffusa, l’Educazione degli Adulti, sia comedisciplina scientifica, sia come attività istituzionalizzata, conserva il duplicesignificato essenziale ed originario, da una parte, di riflessione/interventoper aiutare l’adulto a recuperare un deficit di alfabetizzazione causato dallacrescente complessità tecnologica e conoscitiva del mondo contemporaneo,e, dall’altra, di sollecitudine per le esigenze di auto-educazione, dicrescita culturale e spirituale di ogni uomo in tutto il corso della sua vita.Proprio nel momento in cui l’Educazione degli Adulti assume sempre più ilcarattere di un intervento di tipo utilitaristico, strumentale, richiesto dalleesigenze di aggiornamento tecnologico del mondo della produzione e daigravi segni di crisi occupazionali in tutti i settori, essa deve conservare anchel’altra funzione, quella di attività rispondente ai bisogni più intimi, dipiù intensa libertà e spiritualità della persona

EDUCATION AND THE PERSONAL IDENTITY

The human life coincides with a pedagogical itinerary that, if denied, leads to the denial of life itself; in fact, it is not possible for the educative necessities to appear to us as exhaustible, but only as adults, and not always, we are able to realize that the changing exigencies constantly accompany us and correspond to pulsations involving the mind, the body and the interpersonal relations. Humans are all educating persons and they are actually possible to be educated as long as they don’t live isolated or remain abandoned in themselves in the hard efforts to accomplish a continuum of their education, but live instead in a world made of cultures and persons varying from each other. And it is exactly the presence of these diversities and the confrontation among them that provoke strong changing and as a consequence, the exigency of continuous enrichment and growth in the single individuals