Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of shale-derived refinery products and jet fuels and of experimental referee broadened-specification jet fuels

A proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study was conducted of Ashland shale oil refinery products, experimental referee broadened-specification jet fuels, and of related isoprenoid model compounds. Supercritical fluid chromatography techniques using carbon dioxide were developed on a preparative scale, so that samples could be quantitatively separated into saturates and aromatic fractions for study by NMR. An optimized average parameter treatment was developed, and the NMR results were analyzed in terms of the resulting average parameters; formulation of model mixtures was demonstrated. Application of novel spectroscopic techniques to fuel samples was investigated

Soot formation during coal pyrolysis

Journal ArticleSoot can be found in almost all combustion and pyrolysis systems. In a coal system, the impact of soot on coal combustion can be identified in two ways. First, soot particles suspended in the combustion flame significantly enhance radiative heat transfer near the burner due to their large surface area, small size and spectrally continuous radiation characteristics [1]. Second, part of the nitrogen released from coal during devolatilization will be reincorporated into soot, which complicates nitrogen transformations and NOx production. The study of the chemical structure of soot is also important for many environmental and health reasons. Soot, formed by condensation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), poses a health hazard, since many PAH produced in pyrolysis or combustion processes are carcinogenic and mutagenic materials [2]. Soot has also been found in the unburned carbon in flyash [3]

Investigating Mesospheric Gravity Wave Dynamics and Temperature Variability over the Andes

Observations of mesospheric OH(6,2) temperatures by the Utah State University Mesospheric Temperature Mapper located at Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.3°S, 70.7°S) reveal a large range of nightly variations induced by atmospheric gravity waves and tides, as well as strong seasonal oscillations. Comparative studies with other data sets including the satellite-borne SABER instrument show good agreement on nightly, as well as seasonal, temperature measurements

New measurements of McMurdo gravity wave parameters

The ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network (ANGWIN) is an NSF sponsored international program designed to develop and utilize a network of gravity wave observatories using existing and new instrumentation operated at several established research stations around the continent. The primary goal is to better understand and quantify large-scale gravity wave climatology and their effects on the upper atmosphere over Antarctica. ANGWIN currently comprises research measurements from five nations (U.S., U.K., Australia, Japan, and Brazil) at seven international stations. Utah State University’s Atmospheric Imaging Lab operates all-sky infrared and CCD imagers and an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) imager at several research stations (Davis, Halley, Rothera, McMurdo, and South Pole). We present new measurements of short-period mesospheric gravity waves imaged from McMurdo Station (77°S, 166°E) on Ross Island. This camera has operated alongside the University of Colorado Fe Lidar during the 2012 winter season (March-September 2012). Image data were recorded every ~10 seconds enabling detailed measurements of individual gravity wave events in the infrared OH emission layer (~87 km). Here we present example wave data and novel measurements of the wave characteristics observed during this winter season

Mesospheric Temperature Variability and Seasonal Characteristics Over the Andes

The Utah State University CEDAR Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) is a high-quality CCD imager capable of remote sensing faint optical emissions from the night sky to determine mesospheric temperature and its variability at an altitude of ~87 km. The MTM was operated at the new Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO)located at Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.2° S, 70.7° W) since August 2009 to investigate the seasonal characteristic of the mesopause at mid-latitudes. Measurement were made alongside a powerful lidar capable of height sounding the mesosphere. In this study, the MTM data have been analyzed to determine night to night variability and seasonal characteristics in the OH mesospheric intensity and temperature induced by acoustic-gravity waves and atmospheric tides

The First Ten Months of Investigation of Gravity Waves and Temperature Variability Over the Andes

The Andes region is an excellent natural laboratory for investigating gravity wave influences on the Upper Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric (MLT) dynamics. The instrument suite that comprised the very successful Maui-MALT program was recently re-located to a new Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) located at Cerro Pachon, Chile to obtain in-depth seasonal measurements of MLT dynamics over the Andes mountains. As part of the instrument set the Utah State University CEDAR Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) has operated continuously since August 2009 measuring the near infrared OH(6,2) band and the O2(0,1) Atmospheric band intensity and temperature perturbations. This poster focuses on an analysis of nightly OH temperatures and the observed variability, as well as selected gravity wave events illustrating the high wave activity and its diversity

Satellite and Ground-Based Measurements of Mesospheric Temperature Variability Over Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.3° S)

— Observations of mesospheric OH (6,2) rotational temperatures by the Utah State University Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) located at the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.3◦ S, 70.7◦ W) reveal a large range of nightly variations induced by atmospheric gravity waves and tides, as well as strong seasonal oscillations. This study investigates MTM temperature variability over the past 4 years comprising over 800 nights of high-quality data and compares the results with MTM measurements from Maui, Hawaii (2001-2005) and coincident mesospheric temperature measurement by the SABER instrument on the NASA TIMED satellite

Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation: [sup 13]C-NMR analysis of CONSOL THF-soluble residual materials from the Wilsonville coal liquefaction process

This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS [sup 13]C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resids and one 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results

Observations of Mesospheric Temperature Variability Over the Andes

Observations of mesospheric OH(6,2) rotational temperatures by the Utah State University Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (MTM) located at the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.3°S, 70.7°S) reveal a large range of nightly variations induced by atmospheric gravity waves and tides, as well as strong seasonal oscillations. This study investigates MTM temperature variability over the past 3.5 years comprising over 800 nights of high-quality data and compares the results with ground-based spectrometric measurements from nearby El Leoncito Observatory, Argentina, Maui-MALT, Hawaii MTM measurements (2001-2005) and coincident mesospheric temperature measurement by SABER on the NASA TIMED satellite