Selenium inclusion decreases oxidative stress indicators and muscle injuries in sea bass larvae fed high-DHA microdiets

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of Se inclusion in high-DHA and vitamin E microdiets (5 g DHA/100 g dry weight and 300 mg vitamin E/100 g dry weight; 5 g DHA/100 g dry weight and 300 mg vitamin E/100 g dry weight supplemented with Se) in comparison with a control diet (1 g DHA/100 g dry weight and 150 mg vitamin E/100 g dry weight) on sea bass larval growth, survival, biochemical composition, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, muscle morphology and antioxidant enzymes (AOE), insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and myosin expression. For a given DHA and vitamin E dietary content, Se inclusion favoured larval total length and specific growth rate, and reduced the incidence of muscular lesions, MDA contents and AOE gene expression. In contrast, IGF gene expression was elevated in the 5/300 larvae, suggesting an increased muscle mitogenesis that was corroborated by the increase in mRNA copies of myosin heavy chain. The results of the present study denoted the beneficial effect of Se not only in preventing oxidative stress, as a glutathione peroxidase cofactor, but probably due to other as yet unknown physiological functions

Does dietary tocopherol level affect fatty acid metabolism in fish?

Fish are a rich source of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acids, which are vital constituents for cell membrane structure and function, but which are also highly susceptible to attack by oxygen and other organic radicals. Resultant damage to PUFA in membrane phospholipids can have serious consequences for cell membrane structure and function, with potential pathological effects on cells and tissues. Physiological antioxidant protection involves both endogenous components, such as free radical scavenging enzymes, and exogenous dietary micronutrients including tocopherols and tocotrienols, the vitamin E-type compounds, widely regarded as the primary lipid soluble antioxidants. The antioxidant activities of tocopherols are imparted by their ability to donate their phenolic hydrogen atoms to lipid (fatty acid) free radicals resulting in the stabilisation of the latter and the termination of the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. However, tocopherols can also prevent PUFA peroxidation by acting as quenchers of singlet oxygen. Recent studies on marine fish have shown correlations between dietary and tissue PUFA/tocopherol ratios and incidence of lipid peroxidation as indicated by the levels of TBARS and isoprostanes. These studies also showed that feeding diets containing oxidised oil significantly affected the activities of liver antioxidant defence enzymes and that dietary tocopherol partially attenuated these effects. However, there is evidence that dietary tocopherols can affect fatty acid metabolism in other ways. An increase in membrane PUFA was observed in rats deficient in vitamin E. This was suggested to be due to over production of PUFA arising from increased activity of the desaturation/elongation mechanisms responsible for the synthesis of PUFA. Consistent with this, increased desaturation of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in hepatocytes from salmon fed diets deficient in tocopherol and/or astaxanthin has been observed. Although the mechanism is unclear, tocopherols may influence biosynthesis of n-3PUFA through alteration of cellular oxidation potential or “peroxide tone”

Remote Sensing and Geospatial Models to Simulate Land Use and Land Cover and Estimate Water Supply and Demand for Water Balancing in Phuket Island, Thailand

Currently, Phuket Island is facing water scarcity because water demand for consumption was approximately 51 million m3/year, whereas water supply was only about 46 million m3/year. Thus, the study of water supply, demand and balancing are important for effective water resources management. This study aims to simulate the LULC data using the CLUE-S model, estimate water supply using the SWAT model, and calculate water demand using a water footprint basis for water balancing on the Island. In addition, tourist water demand was separately estimated under normal and new normal conditions (COVID-19 pandemic) to fit with the actual situation at national and international levels. Water balance results with the consideration of ecological water requirements suggest that a water deficit occurs every year under the dry year scenario in normal and new normal conditions. In addition, the monthly water balance indicates that a water deficit occurs in the summer season every year, both without and with the consideration of ecological water requirements. Consequently, it can be concluded that remote sensing data with advanced geospatial models can provide essential information about water supply, demand, and balance for water resources management, particularly water scarcity, in Phuket Island in the future. Additionally, this study’s conceptual framework and research workflows can assist government agencies in examining water deficits in other areas

การใช้แป้งข้าวไรซ์เบอร์รี่ทดแทนแป้งสาลีในขนมสาลี่

โครงงานพิเศษ (คศ.บ.) -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2557The purpose of this Study is basic recipes of Kanom Sa-lee and to Study the amount Ricrberry Flour to substitute Wheat Flour in Kanom Sa-lee There were 4 level of the amount of 0% 20% 30% and 40% Randomized Complete Block Design,(RCBD) Kanom Sa-lee's quality was assessed by the favorableness of Appearance, Color, Odor, Taste, Texture (Light, velvety) and overall Score Using 9-Point Hedonic Scale Kanom Sa-lee'squality was evaluated by 80 gourmets Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used compare the different means. The results found that most of the gourmets like the level of 30% the average preferences of Kanum Sa-lee's Appearance, Texture and overall Scores are in the high level and Color, Odor, and Taste Scores are in the moderate level The results Showed that Appearance,Color,Taste,Texture and overall preference is Statistically significant at the 0.05 but Odor is not Statistically significant at the 0.05Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

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Not AvailableThe antioxidant defence and immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that had received plant oils, rich in either n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; linseed oil) or n-6 PUFA (safflower oil) was evaluated upon antigen expo sure. The fish employed in this study had been offered the diets for 18 months from the first feeding. Rainbow trout from each group were injected intraperitoneally with formalin killed bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) or were sham-injected and observations were made 24 h later. Though the fish fed safflower oil seemed to be under relatively greater oxidative stress, the antioxidant defences (superoxide dismutase, cata lase, glutathione peroxidase) were as effective as in those fed linseed oil. The humoral (alternate complement activity and lysozyme activity) and cellular (phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation) immune responses were not significantly affected by the oil offered. With the exception of reactive oxygen production that was significantly greater in the linseed oil fed fish, both groups did not differ greatly in their immune responses after antigen exposure. Thus, fish fed safflower oil that was deficient in n-3 PUFA was able to sustain most of the critical responses similar to those fed linseed oil suggesting that plant oils of both fatty acid categories were effective for this fresh water fish.Not Availabl

Simultaneous HPLC method for determination of sodium trimethoprim phenylpropanol disulphonate and sodium sulfaquinoxaline in veterinary drugs

A simple HPLC method has been developed for the separation and determination of sodium trimethoprim phenylpropanol disulphonate and sodium sulfaquinoxaline in veterinary preparations. Both drugs were separated well on a Kromasil C18 column (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm) using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.5% triethylamine in 1% acetic acid, pH 3 (18:82, v/v) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.5 ml/ min. The presence of both substances was monitored by UV absorption detection at 271 nm. The retention times of sodium trimethoprim phenylpropanol disulphonate and sodium sulfaquinoxaline were 3.2 and 16.0 min, respectively. The performance of the developed method was tested. Linear responses of both drugs were achieved between 48-145% of labeled amount over the concentration ranges of 35-101 µg/ml and 102-306 µg/ ml for sodium trimethoprim phenylpropanol disulphonate and sodium sulfaquinoxaline with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9980 and 0.9998, respectively. Accuracy expressed in term of recoveries were 101.4± 1.21% (n=6) for sodium trimethoprim phenylpropanol disulphonate and 99.7±0.92% (n=6) for sodium sulfaquinoxaline. Precision of the method in terms of the relative standard deviation is not more than 2% in all cases. These figures of merit indicated the validity of the developed method