New materials for the recognition of salt production in the Neolithic, Bronze and the Early Iron Age in western Lesser Poland : a case study of site No. 15 in Kraków-Bieżanów in the context of other archaeological sites in this region

In the following paper the author discusses ceramic materials and non-portable features associated with salt production, which were discovered at site 15 in Kraków-Bieżanów, as well as those found at other sites in western Lesser Poland, and dated back to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and early Iron Age. To certain extend, presented materials comply with the scheme of the development of local salt production that was proposed in 1970s. However, the majority of them belongs to cultural entities, whose communities until now have not been identified with salt production. This is particularly relevant in the case of the Mierzanowice culture, Trzciniec culture and early phases of the Lusatian culture

Pottery analyses as the basis for studying migrations : the case of Danubian pottery groups from the end of 2nd millennium BC

W tradycji archeologii środkowoeuropejskiej stosunkowo często zjawiska rozprzestrzenienia się pewnych rodzajów ceramiki interpretowane były jako wynik masowych migracji. W niniejszym artykule zawarte zostały rozważania dotyczące możliwości odróżnienia śladów migracji od kontaktów wymiennych czy też innych form dyfuzji, jak np. rozprzestrzeniania się tzw. pakietu kulturowego. Przedstawiona została również pewna procedura wnioskowania o migracjach w oparciu o analizy ceramiki. Prezentowane rozważania zostały zilustrowane przypadkiem naddunajskich grup ceramiki z końca II tys. przed Chr. Około połowy XII stulecia przed Chr. opisywane nurty stylistyczne rozprzestrzeniły się na całym obszarze Kotliny Karpackiej oraz na wielu sąsiadujących terytoriach, między innymi na obszarze Polski południowej. Zjawisko to w wielu regionach wiązało się z całkowitym zanikiem wcześniejszych tradycji kulturowychSpreading of the specific types of pottery was relatively often interpreted as a result of mass migrations in the tradition of Central European archaeology. Presented paper contains deliberations concerning the possibilities of distinguishing the traces of migrations and exchange contacts or other forms of diffusion, such as spreading of the so-called cultural package. It also presents a certain procedurę of concluding about the migrations, founded on pottery analyses. The presented deliberations were i 11 ustrated with the case ofspreading of the Danubian groups of pottery from the end of the 2nd millenium BC. Around the half ofthe 12lh century BC described stylistic currents appeared in the whole Carpathian Basin and in many neighbouring territories, i.a. in southern Poland. This phenomenon was associated in many regions with complete disappearance of the earlier cultural traditions

Coalitions’ Weights in a Dispersed System with Pawlak Conflict Model

The article addresses the issues related to making decisions by an ensemble of classifiers. Classifiers are built based on local tables, the set of local tables is called a dispersed knowledge. The paper discusses a novel application of Pawlak analysis model to examine the relations between classifiers and to create coalitions of classifiers. Each coalition has access to some aggregated knowledge on the basis of which joint decisions are made. Various types of coalitions are formed—a strong coalitions consisting of a large number and significant classifiers, and a weak coalitions consisting of insignificant classifiers. The new contributions of the paper is a systematical investigation of the weights of coalitions that influence the final decision. Four different method of calculating the strength of the coalitions have been applied. Each of these methods consider another aspect of the structure of the coalitions. Generally, it has been experimentally confirmed that, for a method that correctly identifies the relations between base classifiers, the use of coalitions weights improves the quality of classification. More specifically, it has been statistically confirmed that the best results are generated by the weighting method that is based on the size of the coalitions and the method based on the unambiguous of the decisions

Cyborgization yesterday, today and tomorrow: Selected perspectives and educational contexts

In this article we attempt to show that men have aimed at cyborgizing themselves from the dawn of history. We will present selected current perspectives on the process of cyborgization that we symbolically call the restoring and extending ones. We will show selected exemplifications of cyborgizing activities and visions on the cyborgization of tomorrow. The analysis of these concepts is crucial for teachers, as they show the dichotomous relation between education and cyborgization. The dichotomy is related to the fact that on the one hand futurologists claim cyborgization is a technology of a tremendous educational potential, and on the other hand they conjecture about the concept of a world of cyborgs that exists without education

Deanthropomorphising NLP: Can a Language Model Be Conscious?

This work is intended as a voice in the discussion over the recent claims that LaMDA, a pretrained language model based on the Transformer model architecture, is sentient. This claim, if confirmed, would have serious ramifications in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community due to wide-spread use of similar models. However, here we take the position that such a language model cannot be sentient, or conscious, and that LaMDA in particular exhibits no advances over other similar models that would qualify it. We justify this by analysing the Transformer architecture through Integrated Information Theory. We see the claims of consciousness as part of a wider tendency to use anthropomorphic language in NLP reporting. Regardless of the veracity of the claims, we consider this an opportune moment to take stock of progress in language modelling and consider the ethical implications of the task. In order to make this work helpful for readers outside the NLP community, we also present the necessary background in language modelling

Ego-Resiliency and Parental Satisfaction Among Parents of Children with Down Syndrome

Parents of children with Down syndrome face many challenges related to their children’s disability. They manage to raise their children primarily thanks to their internal resources, protective psychological traits and help from other people. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of ego-resiliency as an important personality trait in a group of mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome. The relationship between ego-resiliency and parental satisfaction was also studied. The sample consisted of 126 parents (75 mothers and 51 fathers). Our results show that there is no difference in the level of ego-resiliency between mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome. Nevertheless, it is noticed that there is a difference in perceived stress, psychological well-being and some aspects of parental satisfaction between parents with high and low levels of ego-resiliency. These results give an interesting insight into the internal functioning of parents of children with Down syndrome

Klaster miejski jako czynnik rozwoju zrównoważonego

Aim of the article was to evidence the role of so-called urban clusters in realization of sustainable development. Author presents a category of cluster in terms of proportion and its impact on integrated order. Also author presents selected theoretical and practical aspects of urban sustainable development.Celem artykułu jest uzasadnienie roli tzw. klastrów miejskich w realizacji rozwoju zrównoważonego. Autor prezentuje kategorie klastra w kontekście proporcji i oddziaływania na ład zintegrowany. Przedstawia wybrane aspekty teorii i praktyk dotyczących rozwoju zrównoważonego miast