Portugal as a culinary and wine tourism destination

The culinary tradition is always part of the culture of a given nation. On the other hand, traveling is always associated with a desire to learn about the customs of various ethnic groups where food is an integral part of a trip. Culinary traditions and products play an increasingly important role in the development of tourism. Many tourism products are based on exploring the culinary wealth. It can be said that national and regional cuisine constitute one of the main tourism values. The aim of this work is to present the resources essential for the culinary tourism in Portugal. First of all, the authors focused on the characteristics of Portuguese cuisine. The particular attention has been paid to its uniqueness and specificity which distinguish it from other Mediterranean countries. The paper also considers the issue of knowledge of tourists about the gastronomic culture of Portugal and popularity of Portuguese foods and drinks in Poland

Portugal as a culinary and wine tourism destination

The culinary tradition is always part of the culture of a given nation. On the other hand, traveling is always associated with a desire to learn about the customs of various ethnic groups where food is an integral part of a trip. Culinary traditions and products play an increasingly important role in the development of tourism. Many tourism products are based on exploring the culinary wealth. It can be said that national and regional cuisine constitute one of the main tourism values. The aim of this work is to present the resources essential for the culinary tourism in Portugal. First of all, the authors focused on the characteristics of Portuguese cuisine. The particular attention has been paid to its uniqueness and specificity which distinguish it from other Mediterranean countries. The paper also considers the issue of knowledge of tourists about the gastronomic culture of Portugal and popularity of Portuguese foods and drinks in Poland

Culinary tourism in the Cuiavian-Pomeranian Province, Poland

Poland, as one of the European Union country, saves and promotes regional goods of high quality. One of the basic way of quality policy realization is giving a high quality sign to regional farm and food products which come from different regions and are traditionally made (Internet source no 2). More and more often, products made in a traditional way attract tourists, who come to the places where the products are prepared. Jęczmyk and Sammel (2012) believe that regional products of the traditional method of manufacturing, may be the main motive for traveling to the particular region. In the Cuiavian-Pomeranian Province 54 regional products was registered (Internet source no 3). They are: dairy, meat, confectionery, bakery products, oil, fat, honey, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, prepared dishes. A special attention in the article is paid to some of the products which help to develop the culinary tourism in the Cuiavian-Pomeranian Province

Polygenic Risk Score Impact on Susceptibility to Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Polish Patients

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common retina degenerative disease with a complex genetic and environmental background. This study aimed to determine the polygenic risk score (PRS) stratification between the AMD case and control patients. The PRS model was established on the targeted sequencing data of a cohort of 471 patients diagnosed with AMD and 167 healthy controls without symptoms of retinal degeneration. The highest predictive value to the target dataset was achieved for a 22-variant model with a p-value lower than threshold PT = 0.0123. The median PRS for cases was higher by 1.1 than for control samples (95% CI: (−1.19; −0.85)). The patients in the highest quantile had a significantly higher relative risk of developing AMD than those in the lowest reference quantile (OR = 35.13, 95% CI: (7.9; 156.1), p < 0.001). The diagnostic ability was investigated using ROC analysis with AUC = 0.76 (95% CI: (0.72; 0.80)). The polygenic susceptibility to AMD may be the starting point to expand AMD diagnostics based on rare highly penetrant variants and investigate associations with disease progression and treatment response in Polish patients in future studies

Optimised, Broad NGS Panel for Inherited Eye Diseases to Diagnose 1000 Patients in Poland

Advances in gene therapy and genome editing give hope that new treatments will soon be available for inherited eye diseases that together affect a significant proportion of the adult population. New solutions are needed to make genetic diagnosis fast and affordable. This is the first study of such a large group of patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) and inherited optic neuropathies (ION) in the Polish population. It is based on four years of diagnostic analysis using a broad, targeted NGS approach. The results include the most common pathogenic variants, as well as 91 novel causative variants, including frameshifts in the cumbersome RPGR ORF15 region. The high frequency of the ABCA4 complex haplotype p.(Leu541Pro;Ala1038Val) was confirmed. Additionally, a deletion of exons 22–24 in USH2A, probably specific to the Polish population, was uncovered as the most frequent copy number variation. The diagnostic yield of the broad NGS panel reached 64.3% and is comparable to the results reported for genetic studies of IRD and ION performed for other populations with more extensive WES or WGS methods. A combined approach to identify genetic causes of all known diseases manifesting in the posterior eye segment appears to be the optimal choice given the currently available treatment options and advanced clinical trials