Improvement of students’ physical fitness in physical education classes using CrossFit means

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study is to develop and experimentally substantiate the efficiency of methods to improve the physical fitness (PF) of students in physical education classes using CrossFit means.     Material and Methods. The studies were conducted at the University with first-year students and involved 44 students of the control group and 52 students of the experimental group aged 17 to 19 years. Three versions of the experimental program to improve the students’ PF in physical education classes using CrossFit means were developed. The students’ PF level was determined according to the results of performing the State tests of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: 100 m running (s), standing long jump (cm), pull-ups and cross bar dips (number); hanging leg raises to the crossbar (number); 1000 m running (min, s); shuttle run 4x9 m and 10x10 m (s); trunk forward bending (cm). The level of students’ functional fitness was determined according to the indices of heart rate (HR), blood pressure, time of breath-holding while performing Stange’s test, lung vital capacity. Results. In the process of the pedagogical experiment more pronounced positive changes in the indices of physical and functional fitness were observed in students of the experimental group as compared to those of the control group, the functional reserves of the heart and motor system of students increased by the end of the experiment. The efficiency of four-hour classes a week according to the experimental program manifested itself in the increase of strength, strength endurance, speed and agility during a performance of motor tests; a decrease in resting heart rate, an increase of the degree of HR increment under load (relative to the resting level), an increase of HR recovery at the first minute after the load. Mathematical models of interrelations of separate somatic and vegetative parameters in the process of development and improvement of motor skills under the influence of the experimental program of physical education with the use of CrossFit means were developed and specified. Mathematical models reflect mechanisms of increase of functional reserves of heart and motor system of students, their interrelation in the process of improving the results in motor tests under the influence of CrossFit means. Conclusions. The results of the research confirm the higher efficiency of the physical education experimental method with the use of specially developed complexes of CrossFit® physical exercises in comparison with the generally accepted program of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The efficiency of the experimental program’s impact on the physical state of the students is confirmed by an increase in the level of development of motor qualities, an increase in the economy of the body functioning at rest, an increase in the functional reserves of the heart and the motor system

Badanie wskaźników generatora autonomicznego z dynamicznie zmieniającym się składnikiem mieszanki dwupaliwowej

Diesel generator engines operate in wide load modes; therefore, it is necessary to change the percentage of the mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuel depending on the operating mode of the engine; this ensures its technical performance at the required level in all operating modes, including starting and stopping the engine. This article describes an algorithm for the operation of a diesel generator and an algorithm for determining the composition of the fuel mixture. During the study, the ratio between the components of the mixture changed, taking into account the load modes of operation of the diesel generator, indicators of fuel supply and the formulation of the fuel mixture to ensure optimal values of technical and economic indicators. To assess the efficiency of the flow of working processes in a diesel cylinder, their duration was selected, which is estimated by the duration of the processes of fuel injection, evaporation and combustion. Using the dynamic regulation of the composition of the diesel and biodiesel fuel, the total fuel consumption increased by 5.9%, but the cost of purchasing the fuel is reduced by 10% (at prices as of November 2021) and by 14.6% (based on prices as of the beginning of 2022) compared to engine operation with diesel fuel. This confirms the expediency of using the dynamic adjustment of the composition of the fuel mixture. In addition, even higher economic indicators can be achieved by using an autonomous power plant with a diesel power capacity higher than the generator capacity.Silniki Diesla pracują w szerokim zakresie obciążenia, dlatego konieczna jest zmiana procentowej mieszanki oleju napędowego i biodiesla, w zależności od trybu pracy silnika, co zapewni jego osiągi techniczne na wymaganym poziomie we wszystkich trybach pracy, w tym uruchamianie i zatrzymywanie silnika. W artykule opisano algorytm działania generatora diesla oraz algorytm wyznaczania składu mieszanki paliwowej. W trakcie badań zmieniały się proporcje między składnikami mieszanki, biorąc pod uwagę obciążeniowe tryby pracy agregatu prądotwórczego oraz wskaźniki podawania paliwa i tworzenia mieszanki paliwowej, aby zapewnić optymalne wartości wskaźników technicznych, ekonomicznych i środowiskowych. Do oceny wydajności przebiegu procesów roboczych w cylindrze diesla dobrano czas ich trwania, który szacowany jest czasem trwania procesów wtrysku, odparowania i spalania paliwa

Features of the integral (somatic, mental, spiritual) health of students (a case based on students from Kyiv universities)

At the present stage of social development, leading scientists in the field of information technologies have proposed a method of quantifying individual health as the trinity of its physical (somatic), mental and social (spiritual) statuses. Individual health testing should be performed out online on a personal computer using a single software package. Undoubtedly, this cybernetic method in the assessment of the health status will be used widely in the nearest future. However, in our opinion, we should not neglect the simple, affordable, not requiring computer technology, material costs and proven methods. On the basis of many years of researches done by the authors, substantiated methodology and methods for quantifying the level of integral (somatic, mental, spiritual) health of the person as the person are proved. It is advisable to use the express-method developed by us in the pedagogical practice when conducting health-improving trainings in order to self-control the effectiveness of physical loads and can be used in the preventive medicine as a screening test to assess the main components of the human health. The study involved students (boys and girls) 17-21 years of Kyiv Universities, who did not go in for sports (experimental group, n = 626), among them: students of the Faculty of Social Technologies of the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine" (further University "Ukraine") (n = 163), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University (n = 235) and the Faculty of Health, Physical Education and Sports of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University (n = 228). The control group consisted of their peers - student athletes (boxers, wrestlers, cyclists, skiers) of the Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (Kyiv region) (N = 75). The analysis of the results of the study showed that the integral health of non-athletes students is assessed as "satisfactory". The athletes-students have the highest level of absolute health. However, if the athletes-students have a high level of integral health indicators, mainly due to an increase in the average values of somatic health indicators and the lower level of spiritual health, then among the non-athletes students, a satisfactory level of health, on the contrary, is mainly achieved due to the higher values of spiritual and mental health indicators and, accordingly, to the lower somatic health indicators. The male and female students of the University "Ukraine" and female students of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University have the highest level of spiritual health indicators

Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Non-collinear Benzene Bioisostere

Spiro[3.3]heptane can mimic the mono-, meta- and para-substituted phenyl rings in drugs

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia