L’expérience du rétablissement : perspectives théoriques

L'expérience du rétablissement est de plus en plus reconnue comme un phénomène important dans la promotion d'un état de bien-être chez les personnes avec des troubles mentaux. Le présent article propose une tentative de conceptualisation de l'expérience du rétablissement. Dans un premier temps, une définition du rétablissement est proposée. Les connaissances actuelles sur le rétablissement sont ensuite présentées à partir d'une recension des écrits portant sur quatre dimensions, soit la re-définition et l'expansion du soi, la relation à l'espace temporel, le pouvoir d'agir et la relation aux autres. Finalement, des orientations de recherche sont suggérées dans plusieurs domaines.The experience of recovery : Theoretical perspectives The experience of recovery is increasingly recognized as an important phenomenon in the promotion of a state of well-being of people with mental disorders. This article offers an initial effort of conceptualizing the experience of recovery. A definition of recovery is first proposed followed by a literature review, where recovery is discussed through four related dimensions: 1) redefining and expansion of self, 2) temporality, 3) empowerment, and 4) relationships with others. Finally, future directions in research are suggested to further explore the experience of recovery in different areas.La experiencia del restablecimiento: perspectivas teoréticas La experiencia del restablecimiento esta cada vez más reconocida como un fenómeno importante en la promoción de un estado de bienestar en casos de personas con turbios mentales. El artículo propone una tentativa de conceptualización de una experiencia del reestablecimiento. En el artículo se propone una definición del restablecimiento. Conocimientos actuales sobre el restablecimiento están a continuación presentados a partir de una recensión en torno a cuatro dimensiones: la re-definición y expansión de sí mismo la relación con el espacio temporal, el poder de actuar y la relación con otros. Para finalizar, se sugieren algunas orientaciones de investigaciones en varios campos.Experiência da recuperação: perspectivas teóricas A experiência da recuperação é cada vez mais reconhecida como um fenômeno importante na promoção de um estado de bem-estar nas pessoas que sofrem de problemas mentais. O presente artigo propõe uma tentativa de conceituar a experiência de recuperação. Em primeiro lugar, ele propõe uma definição da recuperação. Os conhecimentos atuais sobre a recuperação são, em seguida, apresentados a partir de um confronto dos documentos que tratam sobre quatro dimensões, ou seja, a redefinição e expansão do eu, a relação no espaço temporal, o poder de agir e a relação com os outros. Finalmente, ele sugere orientações de pesquisa em várias áreas

FAMILY LAW—STATES SHOULD CREATE A HEIGHTENED STANDARD OF REVIEW FOR CONTRACTS THAT DETERMINE THE DISPOSITION OF FROZEN EMBRYOS IN CONTESTED DIVORCE CASES

While in vitro fertilization (“IVF”) presents an opportunity to become parents for a couple facing infertility or experiencing medical issues that may ultimately result in infertility, it also presents the possibility for a legal dispute should the couple separate in the future. The contracts that the parties enter into with the fertility clinic, and with each other, at the beginning of the IVF process are long, complicated documents that are often not well explained nor well understood. Because the parties do not necessarily understand the rights that they are each giving up under these contracts or contemplate how forfeiting these rights may affect each in the future, there can be legal disputes if a couple separates. Since many states have not addressed embryo disputes at the time of divorce through legislation, this issue has to be decided by state appellate courts when the issue arises. In 2018–2019, three state appellate courts were tasked with determining the correct way to handle the disposition of embryos as a matter of first impression. This Note examines the way courts have decided to handle the disposition of embryos1 in contested divorces. There are three approaches taken across the country: the contract approach, the balancing of interests approach, and the contemporaneous mutual consent approach. This Note considers whether contracts with fertility clinics should be examined by courts more critically than contracts are reviewed generally. This Note argues that states deciding this issue as a matter of first impression should move away from blanket enforcement of contracts. This objective can be accomplished by employing a heightened standard of contract review before enforcing agreements, and instead using the balancing of interests approach in the event the clinic contracts fail to meet this heightened standard in a way that protects the interests of the parties

A laser communication experiment utilizing the ACT satellite and an airborne laser transceiver

The launch of a laser communication transmitter package into geosynchronous Earth orbit onboard the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) will present an excellent opportunity for the experimental reception of laser communication signals transmitted from a space orbit. The ACTS laser package includes both a heterodyne transmitter (Lincoln Labs design) and a direct detection transmitter (Goddard Space Flight Center design) with both sharing some common optical components. NASA Lewis Research Center's Space Electronics Division is planning to perform a space communication experiment utilizing the GSFC direct detection laser transceiver. The laser receiver will be installed within an aircraft provided with a glass port for the reception of the signal. This paper describes the experiment and the approach to performing such an experiment. Described are the constraints placed on the NASA Lewis experiment by the performance parameters of the laser transmitter and by the ACTS spacecraft operations. The conceptual design of the receiving terminal is given; also included is the anticipated capability of the detector

Qunatification of Metabolites in MR Spectroscopic Imaging using Machine Learning

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is a clinical imaging modality for measuring tissue metabolite levels in-vivo. An accurate estimation of spectral parameters allows for better assessment of spectral quality and metabolite concentration levels. The current gold standard quantification method is the LCModel - a commercial fitting tool. However, this fails for spectra having poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a large number of artifacts. This paper introduces a framework based on random forest regression for accurate estimation of the output parameters of a model based analysis of MR spectroscopy data. The goal of our proposed framework is to learn the spectral features from a training set comprising of different variations of both simulated and in-vivo brain spectra and then use this learning for the subsequent metabolite quantification. Experiments involve training and testing on simulated and in-vivo human brain spectra. We estimate parameters such as concentration of metabolites and compare our results with that from the LCModel

Proceed with caution: The need to raise the publication bar for microplastics research

This is an Accepted Manuscript. Embargo until December 12 2022.Plastic is a ubiquitous contaminant of the Anthropocene. The highly diverse nature of microplastic pollution means it is not a single contaminant, but a suite of chemicals that include a range of polymers, particle sizes, colors, morphologies, and associated contaminants. Microplastics research has rapidly expanded in recent years and has led to an overwhelming consideration in the peer-reviewed literature. While there have been multiple calls for standardization and harmonization of the research methods used to study microplastics in the environment, the complexities of this emerging field have led to an exploration of many methods and tools. While different research questions require different methods, making standardization often impractical, it remains import to harmonize the outputs of these various methodologies. We argue here that in addition to harmonized methods and quality assurance practices, journals, editors and reviewers must also be more proactive in ensuring that scientific papers have clear, repeatable methods, and contribute to a constructive and factual discourse on plastic pollution. This includes carefully considering the quality of the manuscript submissions and how they fit into the larger field of research. While comparability and reproducibility is critical in all fields, we argue that this is of utmost importance in microplastics research as policy around plastic pollution is being developed in real time alongside this evolving scientific field, necessitating the need for rigorous examination of the science being published.acceptedVersio

Diversity and Keratin Degrading Ability of Fungi Isolated from Canadian Arctic Marine Bird Feathers

We present the first records of fungi associated with feathers from seabirds and sea ducks in the Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic. Birds sampled in Nunavut and Newfoundland (Canada) included the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), King Eider (S. spectabilis), Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus), Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia). In total 19 fungal species were cultured from feathers, identified using ITS rDNA barcoding, and screened for their ability to degrade keratin using a keratin azure assay. Our results indicate that 1) of the 19 isolates, 74% were ascomycetes, while the remaining 26% were basidiomycetes (yeasts); 2) 21% of the ascomycete isolates demonstrated keratinolytic activity (a known pathogenicity factor for fungi that may potentially be harmful to birds); 3) the largest number of fungi were cultured from the sampled Thick-billed Murre; and 4) based on a multiple correspondence analysis, there is some indication that both the King Eider and the Thick-billed Murre collected in the low Arctic had distinct fungal communities that were different from each other and from the other birds sampled. Although our sample sizes were small, initial trends in point (4) do demonstrate that additional study is merited to assess whether the fungal community differences are influenced by variation in the known ecologies of the avian hosts and fungi identified.Nous présentons les premiers enregistrements de champignons se rapportant aux plumes d’oiseaux et de canards de mer dans l’Arctique et la région subarctique du Canada. Parmi les oiseaux échantillonnés au Nunavut et à Terre-Neuve (Canada), notons l’eider à duvet (Somateria mollissima), l’eider à tête grise (S. spectabilis), la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla), le fulmar boréal (Fulmarus glacialis), le goéland bourgmestre (Larus hyperboreus), le guillemot à miroir (Cepphus grylle) et le guillemot de Brünnich (Uria lomvia). En tout, 19 espèces de champignons ont été prélevées à partir de plumes. Elles ont été identifiées au moyen de codes à barres ITS ADNr et examinées afin de déterminer si elles sont capables de dégrader la kératine, et ce, à l’aide d’une épreuve de dégradation de la kératine au bleu azur. Nos résultats indiquent : 1) que parmi les 19 isolats, 74 % étaient des ascomycètes et que les 26 % restants étaient des basidiomycètes (levures); 2) que 21 % des isolats d’ascomycètes ont affiché une activité kératinolytique (un facteur de pathogénicité pour les champignons, facteur susceptible de nuire aux oiseaux); 3) que le plus grand nombre de cultures de champignons a été prélevé chez le guillemot de Brünnich; et 4) que d’après une analyse de correspondance multiple, il y a une certaine indication que les échantillons de l’eider à tête grise et du guillemot de Brünnich recueillis dans le Bas-Arctique comprenaient des communautés fongiques distinctes qui différaient les unes des autres ainsi que des autres oiseaux échantillonnés. Même si la taille de nos échantillons était petite, les premières tendances ressortant du point (4) démontrent qu’il y a lieu de faire des études plus poussées afin de déterminer si les différences entre les communautés fongiques sont influencées par la variation des écologies connues des hôtes aviaires et des champignons identifiés

Long-term Declines in the Size of Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) Colonies on Eastern Baffin Island, Canada

We censused three colonies of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) along eastern Baffin Island, Canada, that were estimated to support 155 000 breeding pairs in 1973, but had not been adequately counted since then. The colonies were surveyed in July and August 2018 using photographs taken from a helicopter or a drone. The combined estimated colony sizes were 36 500 pairs, much smaller than historical estimates. Although the 1973 estimates were coarse, this difference represents an apparent 3+% annual decline in numbers at each colony over approximately four decades or more than 87% over three generations (66 years). Several factors may be contributing to these declines, including changes in winter food supplies and the susceptibility of fulmars to fisheries bycatch. We recommend efforts to survey the remaining major fulmar colonies in Arctic Canada to assess the overall population size and trends, and allow for further analyses of potential population drivers.Nous avons recensé trois colonies de fulmars boréaux (Fulmarus glacialis) sur la côte est de l’île de Baffin, au Canada. Selon des estimations réalisées en 1973, 155 000 couples reproducteurs y nichaient, mais aucun dénombrement adéquat n’avait été effectué depuis. Les colonies ont été recensées en juillet et en août 2018 au moyen de photographies prises à partir d’un hélicoptère ou d’un drone. La taille combinée des colonies a été estimée à 36500 couples, soit un nombre beaucoup moins élevé que les estimations précédentes. Bien que les estimations de 1973 étaient des estimations grossières, cette différence représente une baisse annuelle apparente de plus de 3 % à chacune des colonies sur environ quatre décennies, soit plus de 87 % sur trois générations (66 ans). Ces diminutions peuvent être attribuables à plusieurs facteurs, dont les changements caractérisant les approvisionnements en nourriture pendant l’hiver et la susceptibilité des fulmars à faire l’objet de captures accessoires. Nous recommandons que des efforts soient faits pour recenser les grandes colonies de fulmars qui restent dans l’Arctique canadien afin d’évaluer la taille globale de la population et les tendances la caractérisant, ainsi que pour pousser plus loin l’analyse des facteurs susceptibles d’avoir un effet sur leurs populations

Germline TP53 mutational spectrum in French Canadians with breast cancer

Abstract Background Specific germline mutations in the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility (HBC/HBOC) genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, have been shown to recur in French Canadians of Quebec, Canada, and this has been attributed to common ancestors. Germline TP53 mutation carriers are known to segregate in Li-Fraumeni syndrome families, which feature young age of onset breast cancer. We have reported rare TP53 mutation carriers in French Canadian HBC families, though none recurred possibly due to the limited number of cancer families investigated. Here we describe TP53 germline mutations found in French Canadian cancer families provided from hereditary cancer clinics; investigate 37 new BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-negative HBC/HBOC families for the TP53 mutations; and assess the frequency of TP53 mutations in a 1235 French Canadian breast cancer cases not selected for family history of cancer. Methods TP53 mutation-positive pedigrees from French Canadian cancer families were provided from local hereditary cancer clinics. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing of all protein encoding exons of TP53 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA from breast/ovarian cancer probands from 37 HBC/HBOC families of French Canadian descent. Targeted bidirectional Sanger sequencing assay of regions containing the identified TP53 mutations was performed on 1235 French Canadian breast cancer cases not selected for family history cancer. Results Five new TP53 mutations were identified in six pedigrees from hereditary cancer clinics. No deleterious mutations were identified in cancer probands from 37 HBC/HBOC families. A targeted mutation screen of the 1235 breast cancer cases identified a c.844C>T [p.Arg282Trp] mutation carrier. This mutation was also found among the six mutation-positive cancer families provided by the local hereditary cancer clinics. The targeted screen also uncovered a new TP53 mutation, c.685T>C [p.Cys229Arg] that was found in two breast cancer cases. All TP53 mutation carriers were among the 656 women with breast cancer diagnosed less than 50 years of age. Conclusions In all six new TP53 mutations were identified in French Canadians, where two each occurred in independently ascertained cases/families. Although all newly identified breast cancer mutation carriers reported a family history of cancer, none were consistent with features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families

Recommended best practices for plastic and litter ingestion studies in marine birds: Collection, processing, and reporting

doi: 10.1139/facets-2018-0043Marine plastic pollution is an environmental contaminant of significant concern. There is a lack of consistency in sample collection and processing that continues to impede meta-analyses and largescale comparisons across time and space. This is true for most taxa, including seabirds, which are the most studied megafauna group with regards to plastic ingestion research. Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate the impacts and extent of plastic contamination in seabirds fully and accurately, and to make inferences about species for which we have little or no data. We provide a synthesized set of recommendations specific for seabirds and plastic ingestion studies that include best practices in relation to sample collection, processing, and reporting, as well as highlighting some “cross-cutting” methods. We include guidance for how carcasses, regurgitations, and pellets should be handled and treated to prevent cross-contamination, and a discussion of what size class of microplastics can be assessed in each sample type. Although we focus on marine bird samples, we also include standardized techniques to remove sediment and biological material that are generalizable to other taxa. Lastly, metrics and data presentation of ingested plastics are briefly reviewed in the context of seabird studies.Copyright: © 2019 Provencher et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The attached file is the published pdf