Robinson’s cytological grading of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspirates and its correlation with Modified Bloom-Richardson histopathological grading for Breast carcinoma

Introduction:Grading of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology provides useful information about prognosis & also beneficial for selecting patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Aim: To grade the breast carcinoma on FNAC using Robinson grading system and to assess the concordance of cytological grading (CG) with histological grading (HG) using Elston‑Ellis modification of Scarff‑Bloom‑Richardson grading system. Material method:This prospective study was done in Department of pathology, B.J medical college & Hospital Ahemdabad from Augustl 2016 to october 2018. A total of 200 cases of cytologically confirmed breast carcinoma were included in this study and correlated with histopathological findings. Robinson’s cytological grading was done on cytology smears and modified Bloom-Richardson grading was done on histological sections. Result:In the present study, majority (110) were Grade II tumors (55%) followed by 53 Grade I tumors (26.5%) and 37 Grade III tumors (18.5%) by cytological grading.where as majority (107 cases) of the tumors (53.5%) were Grade II, followed by 43 (21.5%) Grade I tumors and 50 (25%) Grade I tumors by Histological grading. The result showed overall 78% concordance of CG with HG, with grade II showing highest degree of concordance (86.36%), which is comparable to previous studies. Conclusion: Cytologic grading method is Simple,non–invasive and comparable with histologic grading system.It provides information about aggressiveness of tumor and is also useful parameter while selecting neo adjuvant chemotherapy in patients of breast carcinoma

Assessment of Antibacterial Properties and Compressive Strength of Copaiba Oil –modified Glass Ionomer Cement versus Nanosilver or Nanogold-modified Glass Ionomer Cements: An In-Vitro Study

Objectives: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of glass ionomer restorative material (GIC) after impregnation of copaiba oil, nanosilver (NanoAg) and nanogold (NanoAu) and their consequent effect on the compressive strength. Methodology: The different antibacterial solutions were added to Fugi IX GI liquid at various concentrations; 50 μL, 100 μL, 150 μL, 200 μL and 250 μL. Antibacterial activity against streptococcus mutans was evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT) and direct contact test (DCT). Compressive strength was assessed according to ISO specifications. Bactericidal effect of the different investigated antibacterial agents on S. mutans biofilms was evaluated using Conofocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Data were statistically analyzed. Results: ADT showed that copaiba oil-modified GIC recorded highest mean inhibition zone diameter at nearly all concentrations (P˂0.001). DCT showed that above 50 μL, copaiba oil-GIC reported the lowest mean optical density at 6h, 24h and 48h (P˂0.0001). Highest compressive strength was recorded in control group (180.9± 4.4 MPa, PConclusions: Being a natural product, copaiba oil could be a promising candidate for variable applications or formulations in dentistry. Despite of the improvement in the antibacterial activity against S. mutans, compressive strength of Copaiba oil-modified GIC was negatively affected, which could limit its use to non-stress bearing areas

การมีส่วนร่วมของภาคประชาชนในการตัดสินใจในนโยบายต่างประเทศ ของรัฐ: People Participation in Foreign Policy Decision Making

บทคัดย่อการวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาแนวทางการมีส่วนร่วมของภาคประชาชนในการตัดสินใจในนโยบายต่างประเทศของรัฐ และ 2) ศึกษาการมีส่วนร่วมของภาคประชาชนในการตัดสินใจในนโยบายต่างประเทศของประเทศอื่นเพื่อนำมาเป็นข้อเสนอแนะต่อไป เป็นการศึกษาด้วยวิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพด้วยกระบวนการศึกษาและวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลจากเอกสาร โดยการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหาผลการศึกษาพบว่ารัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2560 ได้ให้อำนาจการมีส่วนร่วมของประชาชนในการแสดงความคิดเห็นในนโยบายต่างประเทศผ่านมาตรา 178 โดยกำหนดว่าให้มีกฎหมายกำหนด วิธีการที่ประชาชนจะเข้ามามีส่วนร่วมในการแสดงความคิดเห็นและได้รับการเยียวยาที่จำเป็นอันเกิดจากผลกระทบของการทำหนังสือสัญญา ขณะที่ในบางประเทศ เช่น ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาและประเทศฝรั่งเศส มีการบัญญัติการมีส่วนร่วมของประชาชนในนโยบายต่างประเทศโดยการทำประชามติ ดังนั้น ประเทศไทยควรมีกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องและครอบคลุมการออกเสียงประชามติของประชาชนต่อการมีส่วนร่วมในการตัดสินใจในนโยบายต่างประเทศของรัฐ     ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are to study 1) the procedure of people participation in decision making of foreign policy of the government and 2) the procedure of people participation in decision making of foreign policy of the other countries in order to propose the recommendation of this issue. This research employed qualitative research method. Documentary collection was used to collect information from all the relevant sources and documentary analysis was used to analyse documentary to find answers to the research problem. This research found that the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand BE.2560 has granted right of people participation under Section 178 paragraph four which prescribed that “….there shall also be a law prescribing procedures for the public to participate in the expression of opinions and to obtain necessary remedy from the effects of conclusion of a treaty…”. Meanwhile in some countries such as the United Stated of America and French, there are laws that prescribed procedure for the public to participate in the expression of opinion in foreign policy by means of referendum. Therefore, in Thailand there should be a law related to procedure for the public to participate in the expression of opinions or referendum as well

The Promise of the Rule of (Environmental) Law: A Reply to Pardy\u27s Unbearable Licence

This short reply clarifies and defends the argument presented in The Environmental Emergency and the Legality of Discretion in Environmental Law. It responds to the arguments that were made, and that could have been made, in Pardy\u27s critique An Unbearable Licence

Practice of Library and Information Services for Differently Able Community in the University Libraries of Assam

The study aims to examine various Library and Information Services that are being delivered for the Differently Able Community in the selected University libraries of Assam. The study highlights the special services, different types of equipment and infrastructural facilities that the libraries have provided for the Differently Able Users. The study also focuses on the physical barriers which are faced by the Differently Able users and the purpose of Information seeking in the libraries. The finding shows that there is an urgent need and improvement of the services delivered for the Differently Able users by the surveyed libraries. The University libraries under the study should switch over from the traditional environment to the modern ICT environment to cope up with the ever-changing world

The Promise of the Rule of (Environmental) Law: A Reply to Pardy\u27s Unbearable Licence

This short reply clarifies and defends the argument presented in The Environmental Emergency and the Legality of Discretion in Environmental Law. It responds to the arguments that were made, and that could have been made, in Pardy\u27s critique An Unbearable Licence

Nonlinear Trajectory Generation Using Global Local Approximations

Abstract-In this paper we propose a method that uses local approximations to construct a globally continuous function. Such a method increases the variability of the parameterized function space, which is useful in the context of numerically solving nonlinear trajectory generation problems

Molecular diagnosis of Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter by multiplex Real-time PCR in stool culture samples in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

ABSTRACT:Background: Bacteriological diagnosis of Campylobacter spp, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp could be necessary in the case of infectious gastroenteritis syndrome.The objective of this study was to diagnose concomitantly the three enteropathogenic bacteria by multiplex Real-Time PCR in stool culture samples in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from February 5th to March 9th, 2013. Two hundred stool samples were received during the study period. The bacteria were identified by bacterial culture following by multiplex Real-Time PCR.Results: Shigella spp and Campylobacter spp were sought by culture in all 200 samples. Enteropathogenic E. coli was sought only in 37 samples from all children under 2 years old. The bacterial culture was positive in 12 stool samples. Shigella spp and Salmonella spp. were isolated respectively in 5 (2.5%) and 3 samples (1.5%). Enteropathogenic E. coli was isolated in 10.8% (4/37) of the samples tested.The multiplex real-time PCR identified bacteria in 20 patients, including 17 cases of Shigella spp., 1 case of Salmonella spp. and 2 cases of Campylobacter spp.Conclusions: This study has highlighted the low frequency of 3 sought bacterial genera in stool samples. It has also demonstrated a significant difference between the culture and the multiplex Real-Time PCR method in the diagnosis of Shigella

Growth Analysis of Global Scientific Research on Covid-19 Pandemic: A Scientometrics Analysis

The purpose of present study is to evaluate the growth of scientific literature pertaining to Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19). In sum 1630 document published during 01 January 2020 to 6 April, 2020. Publication data were retrieved from SCOPUS databases using key terms and detailed analysis were made to understand the publication trends, authorship and collaborative pattern, country-wise distribution, core journal and most leading institutes. Study found that 82.88% (1351) of the research documents published on open-access platform which signify the rapid communication of research finding among global scientific communities. ‘BMJ Clinical Research Ed’ found to be most productive journal with 114(6.99%) research articles. China & USA dominates in the publishing research output of 515(31.60%) and 308(18.90%) respectively. There has been an unparalleled growth in the number of publications across the globe on COVID-19 since January 2020