Aplicaciones de calcio y boro aumentan la producción de híbridos de tomate Italiano (Solanum lycopersicum) en dos temporadas de cultivo

1 recurso en línea (páginas 82-93).The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron soil treatments and the frequency of calcium applications on the flowering, agronomic performance, and incidence of blossom end rot in Italian tomato hybrids grown in conventional systems during two growing seasons. Two experiments were carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen campus (Brazil) during 2012 and 2013. A randomized block experiment design was used in a 2×2×3×3 factorial scheme with two hybrids (San Vito and Netuno) in two growing seasons (Spring-Summer and Summer-Fall), three boron doses (0.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/hole), and three frequencies of calcium application (absence of application, weekly, or biweekly application) with four replicates. The seedlings were transplanted on September 4, 2012 for the Spring-Summer growing season and on January 26, 2013 for the Summer-Fall growing season. The Netuno hybrid was more productive in comparison to the San Vito hybrid, but more susceptible to blossom end rot. Both growing seasons can be recommended for Italian tomato production in Rio Grande do Sul although the Spring-Summer growing season was more productive than the Summer-Fall growing season. The biweekly application frequency of 0.6% CaCl2 was the best option for fertilizer management, resulting in higher yields and a lower number of fruits with an incidence of blossom end rot. The increment of the boron dose defined the higher number of fruits per plant and yield increase.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tratamientos de boro edáfico y frecuencia del calcio foliar en floración, sobre la producción y ocurrencia de la pudrición apical de híbridos de tomate italiano, cultivados en el sistema convencional en dos temporadas de cultivo. Se realizaron dos experimentos en el área experimental perteneciente a la Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen (Brasil), en los años 2012 y 2013. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con un arreglo factorial 2×2×3×3 cuyo factores fueron dos híbridos (San Vito y Neptuno), en dos épocas de cultivo (primavera-verano y verano-otoño), tres dosis de boro (0; 2,0 y 4,0 g/planta) y tres frecuencias de aplicación de calcio (ausencia de aplicación, aplicación semanal y quincenal) y cuatro repeticiones. El trasplante de plántulas se realizó el día 04 de septiembre de 2012 para la primavera-verano y el 26 de enero para el verano-otoño. El híbrido Neptuno es más productivo en comparación con el híbrido San Vito, pero más susceptible a la pudrición apical. Las dos épocas de cultivo pueden ser recomendadas para el cultivo del tomate italiano en Rio Grande do Sul, aunque el cultivo de primavera-verano presenta mayor productividad cuando se compara al verano-otoño. La frecuencia de aplicación quincenal de CaCl2 al 0,6% se constituye en la mejor opción de manejo de fertilización, en el sentido de obtener mayor productividad y menor número de frutos con incidencia de pudrición apical. El incremento de la dosis de boro condiciona mayor número de frutos por planta y aumento de la productividad.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 92-9

Chemical composition of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér) Britton due to water deficit and seasonality

The essential oil has change in relation to environmental variations with changes according to exposure to stress and seasonal period. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil of the Aloysia triphylla subjected to different periods of drought in the four seasons. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in randomized block design in a bifactorial 5x4. The treatments consisted of five periods of water deficit (3, 6, 9, 12 days without irrigation and daily irrigation) and four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter), with five repetitions. The evaluations were conducted in the middle of each season. The essential oil components showed changes only in relation to the seasons, did not differ between periods of water deficit. Citral decreased concentration in winter and increased in the fall and summer. The winter season favored minority components

Morpho-anatomical and metabolic characterization of species of the genus Cymbopogon: a contribution to the improvement of the species.

Medicinal plants have always been used by humans as an alternative in the fight against diseases. To avoid the use of species wrongly, is necessary perform the correct identification of plants of interest, as well as meet morphological, anatomical and even metabolic details, enabling the differentiation of species in a correct and safe manner. The objective this work was to identify botanical, morphological, anatomical and chemistry traits of plants of the genus Cymbopogon, establishing specific traits of each species, for future use in a breeding program and for plant growers medicinal products. The growth was conducted at plantbed located in the Capão do Leão – RS city on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in the years of 2016/2017, being used Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon distans, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon winterianus species. This study described some morphological traits (plant height, leaf length and leaf width and stem length), anatomical traits (stoma index and size, transversal cuts of the main vein) and the chemical profile of the four species (volatile and non-volatile compounds present infusions and essential oil). The studied species show several structural traits in common, however, leaf size (width and length), arrangement and size of the midrib, size and location of the stomata, are of great importance for the differentiation. Based on the analyzes carried out in this study, it was concluded that, in general, the C. distans specie presented a greater number of distinct traits, differing in plant height, leaf size, number and location of stomata, arrangement of conducting vessels and chemical profile of the essential oil, being distinguished by its high levels of citral. C. citratus, C. flexuosus and C. winterianus species presented several morphological and anatomical traits in common, making the metabolome analysis an effective tool for species discrimination. In the analysis of the infusions, C. flexuosus showed a differentiated chemical profile, with small number of compounds identified. As for the essential oil, it was possible to identify the citral as the main component of C. citratus, C. distans and C. flexuosus. Citronellal, citronellol, geraniol and elemol are predominant in C. winterianus. The C. citratus specie is distinguished by the high concentration of myrcene, which distinguishes it from C. flexuosus, which are known by the same popular name.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESAs plantas medicinais sempre foram utilizadas pelos seres humanos como alternativa no combate a enfermidades. Para evitar a utilização das espécies de forma errônea, é necessário realizar a correta identificação das plantas de interesse, bem como, conhecer detalhes morfológicos, anatômicos e até mesmo metabólicos, possibilitando a diferenciação das espécies de uma forma correta e segura. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar de forma botânica, morfológica, anatômica e química, acessos de plantas do gênero Cymbopogon, estabelecendo características específicas de cada espécie, para futura utilização em um programa de melhoramento genético e para produtores de plantas medicinais. O cultivo foi realizado em canteiros localizados no município do Capão do Leão - RS, no campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, nos anos de 2016/2017, sendo utilizadas as espécies Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon distans, Cymbopogon flexuosus e Cymbopogon winterianus. Este estudo descreveu algumas características morfológicas (altura de planta, comprimento e largura de folha e comprimento do colmo), anatômicas (índice e tamanho de estômatos, cortes transversais da nervura principal) e o perfil químico das quatro espécies (compostos voláteis e não voláteis presentes nas infusões e no óleo essencial). As espécies estudadas apresentam diversas características estruturais em comum, porém tamanho de folha (largura e comprimento), arranjo e tamanho da nervura principal, tamanho e localização dos estômatos são de grande importância para a diferenciação. Com base nas análises realizadas neste estudo, conclui-se que em geral a espécie C. distans apresentou maior número de características distintas, diferindo nas variáveis de altura de planta, tamanho de folha, número e localização dos estômatos, arranjo dos vasos condutores e no perfil químico do óleo essencial, destacando-se por apresentar altos teores de citral. As espéceis C. citratus, C. flexuosus e C. winterianus apresentaram diversas características morfológicas e anatômicas em comum, sendo a análise do metaboloma uma ferramenta eficaz para discriminação das espécies. Na análise das infusões, C. flexuosus apresentou perfil químico diferenciado, com pequeno número de compostos identificados. Quanto ao óleo essencial, foi possível realizar a identificação do citral como o componente principal de C. citratus, C. distans e C. flexuosus. O citronelal, citronelol, geraniol e elemol são predominantes em C. winterianus. A espécie C. citratus se destaca pela alta concentração de mirceno, o que a distingue de C. flexuosus, as quais são conhecidas pelo mesmo nome popular