Toward understanding the predatory ant genus Myopias (Formicidae: Ponerinae), including a key to global species, male-based generic diagnosis, and new species description

The predatory ponerine genus Myopias has remained poorly-known despite considerable interest. To encourage future revisionary and natural history research on the genus, we provide the first global key to valid species, the first male-based diagnosis, a detailed description of a new species—M. darioi sp. nov.—based on all castes, a review of the natural history, and an update of biogeographic knowledge. The new species is distinguished from all valid Myopias species by the comparatively enlarged frontal lobes, subrectangular midclypeal lobe lacking denticles, strongly reduced eyes, and details of mandibular morphology.

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

A taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Basicerotini)

Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 consiste na maior e mais diversificada subfamília de formigas. Embora monofilética, sua taxonomia e a compreensão de suas relações filogenéticas internas ainda merecem mais estudos, muito por conta da grande heterogeneidade morfológica que engloba. Dentre as seis tribos mirmicíneas reconhecidas recentemente, Attini é a que inclui o maior número de espécies. Este estudo representa a primeira tentativa de se analisar as relações filogenéticas internas de um agrupamento dentro da nova configuração reconhecida para esta tribo com base em caracteres moleculares de nove genes (mitocondriais e nucleares) e da morfologia externa. Com foco na taxonomia e sistemática do gênero Basiceros Schulz, 1906, representante de distribuição exclusivamente Neotropical, foram investigadas suas relações filogenéticas sob os métodos da máxima parcimônia (morfologia), máxima verossimilhança (moléculas) e inferência Bayesiana (moléculas e morfologia + moléculas). Os três métodos corroboram a monofilia de Basiceros e de todos seus representantes. Na tentativa de reconstruir a história evolutiva e as relações filogenéticas para o gênero, foi utilizada uma matriz com 53 caracteres morfológicos e 4309 caracteres moleculares. A análise de máxima parcimônia dos caracteres morfológicos sob enumeração implícita resultou em 1 árvore mais parcimoniosa de 117 passos, com índice de consistência 77 e índice de retenção 72; 4 sinapomorfias suportam a monofilia do gênero. As análises empregando dados moleculares sob máxima verossimilhança e inferência Bayesiana resultaram em topologias muito similares, com forte suporte para o gênero e suas espécies. As análises combinando dados moleculares e morfológicos recuperam com forte suporte o gênero como monofilético, com suas espécies estruturadas em dois clados. Após o exame de materialtipo para todas as espécies de Basiceros, oito espécies são reconhecidas para o gênero, das quais uma é descrita como nova; Basiceros redux (Donisthorpe, 1939) é transferida para o gênero Octostruma. Indivíduos de castas e sexos ainda não registrados (incluindo larvas, machos e intercastas) são aqui descritos pela primeira vez para diferentes espécies de Basiceros. A distribuição da maior parte das espécies é consideravelmente expandida em relação ao que se conhecia anteriormente. No âmbito do presente cenário taxonômico e hipótese de relacionamento filogenético, futuros trabalhos podem aplicar o arcabouço conhecido na tentativa de reconstruir a biogeografia destas formigas crípticas.Myrmicinae Lepeletier of Saint-Fargeau, 1835 comprises the largest and most diverse subfamily of ants. Although monophyletic, their taxonomy and the understanding of the internal phylogenetic relationships are still poorly resolved, due to its great morphological heterogeneity. Among the six recently recognized myrmicine tribes, Attini includes the largest in number of species. This study represents the first attempt to analyze the internal phylogenetic relationships of a group within the newly defined Attini based on both mitochondrial and nuclear molecular characters and external morphology. Focusing on the exclusively Neotropical genus Basiceros Schulz, 1906, phylogenetic relationships were investigated under maximum parsimony (morphology), maximum likelihood (molecules) and Bayesian inference (molecules plus morphology + molecules). The three methods recovered the monophyly of Basiceros. To infer the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of the genus a matrix of 53 morphological and 4309 molecular characters was constructed. The parsimony analysis of morphological characters under implicit enumeration resulted in 1 most parsimonious tree with 117 steps, consistency index of 77 and retention index of 72; 4 synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of Basiceros. The molecular phylogenetic analysis under both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference resulted in very similar topologies, with strong support for the genus and all species. Molecular and morphological combined data recovered the monophyly of the genus and all representatives, divided in two recognized clades with strong support. After examining type material for all Basiceros taxa, eight species are recognized, one of which is described as new; Basiceros redux(Donisthorpe, 1939) is transferred to Octostruma. As part of this revisionary work, castes and sexes (including larvae, males and intercasts) are described for the first time for several species of Basiceros. The distributional range for most species is considerably expanded. Under this revised taxonomic framework and inferred phylogenetic relationships, future work can reconstruct the biogeographical history of this cryptic Neotropical ant genus

Exercise Improves Lung Inflammation, but Not Lung Remodeling and Mechanics in a Model of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis

Introduction. Moderate aerobic exercise training accelerates the resolution of lung fibrosis in a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether it can inhibit the development of lung fibrosis is unknown. Materials and Methods. C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into four groups: Control (Co), Exercise (Exe), Bleomycin (Bleo), and Bleomycin+Exercise (Bleo+Exe). A single bleomycin dose (1.5 UI/kg) was administered orotracheally and treadmill exercise started in the same day, enduring for 4 weeks, 5x/week, 60 minutes/session, at moderate intensity. Lung mechanics, systemic and pulmonary inflammation, and lung remodeling were evaluated. Lung homogenates were used to evaluate the antioxidant status. Results. Total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils numbers, in agreement with IL-6 levels, were higher in the BAL and serum of Bleo group, compared to other groups. In addition, lung levels of LTB4 in Bleo were higher than other groups, whereas SOD activity and nitric oxide levels in exercised groups (Exe and Exe+Bleo) compared to the Bleo group. Lung GPX activity was lower in Bleo and Exe+Bleo groups compared to others. Exe and Exe+Bleo groups also showed higher IL-10 expression by lung macrophages than other groups, whereas TGF-β expression was higher in Exe, Bleo, and Exe+Bleo groups compared to control. CCR7 expression was induced only in the Exe group. However, exercise did not improve lung remodeling and mechanics, or serum and pulmonary levels of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise training initiated concomitantly with induction of pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung and systemic inflammation but fails to inhibit lung fibrosis and mechanics impairment

Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with acute and chronic aortic conditions

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on acute and elective thoracic and abdominal aortic procedures. METHODS Forty departments shared their data on acute and elective thoracic and abdominal aortic procedures between January and May 2020 and January and May 2019 in Europe, Asia and the USA. Admission rates as well as delay from onset of symptoms to referral were compared. RESULTS No differences in the number of acute thoracic and abdominal aortic procedures were observed between 2020 and the reference period in 2019 [incidence rates ratio (IRR): 0.96, confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.04; P = 0.39]. Also, no difference in the time interval from acute onset of symptoms to referral was recorded ( 12 h 68% in 2020, 12 h 66% in 2019 P = 0.29). Conversely, a decline of 35% in elective procedures was seen (IRR: 0.81, CI 0.76-0.87; P < 0.001) with substantial differences between countries and the most pronounced decline in Italy (-40%, P < 0.001). Interestingly, in Switzerland, an increase in the number of elective cases was observed (+35%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS There was no change in the number of acute thoracic and abdominal aortic cases and procedures during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the case load of elective operations and procedures decreased significantly. Patients with acute aortic syndromes presented despite COVID-19 and were managed according to current guidelines. Further analysis is required to prove that deferral of elective cases had no impact on premature mortality

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc