Forgetting the Violence, Remembering a Report: The Paradox of the 1931 Kanpur Riots

This project is the culmination of my efforts to understand Hindu-Muslim relations in the twentieth century. My thesis revolves around a paradox surrounding the Kanpur Riots, the major finding of my research last year. After reading about the carnage at Kanpur in The Construction of Communalism in North India in the February of last year, I was inspired to learn more about the 1931 Kanpur riots. My efforts to find a secondary source recounting the riots, however, were fruitless. While surveys of modern India mentioned the violence at Kanpur, no single monograph detailing the riots existed. Instead, scholars wrote about the Kanpur Riot Commission Report, a Congress Party authored Report that recounted the riots and included a 293-page history describing Hindu-Muslim relations. My research at the National Archives of India (NAI) and the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (NMML) in New Delhi from August 3-September 3, 2007 fine-tuned this paradox. The newspapers I consulted at NMML, The Leader and The Statesman, focused on the atrocities committed and the ineffectiveness of police forces to quell the riots. Similarly, the testimonies of British officials involved in the riots that I examined in the National Archives evidenced how official (British) inaction was the notable feature of the Kanpur Riots. Yet, secondary sources that included brief references to the Kanpur Riots attributed its significance not to official inaction or the brutality of the violence but the literary consequences of the riots, the Kanpur Riot Commission Report. This thesis will explore the Report and the context in which it was written

Forgetting the Violence, Remembering the Report: The Paradox of the 1931 Kanpur Riots

This thesis explores the paradox between the events of the Kanpur Riots and the Kanpur Riot Commission Report, written in its aftermath. While the former is regarded as another example of Hindu-Muslim strife in the twentieth century, the latter has become an important text in nationalist historiography. This thesis will argue that the significance of the Report is bound up in the Kanpur Riots. The riot participants were the subject and audience of the Report and the authors of the Kanpur Riot Commission Report used them to create a framework for understanding Indian history that continues to be invoked today

Role of hysteroscopy in management of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women

Background: In perimenopausal women blind endometrial sampling, dilation and curettage (D and C) was the standard treatment. Since hysteroscopy offers complete visualization of entire endometrial cavity. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate its role. As whole of endometrial cavity examined and target biopsy can be taken from suspected area so that no carcinoma is missed.  Thus, study was conducted to evaluate role of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women of perimenopausal age group and to correlate the hysteroscopic findings with that of histopathology and to see complication of hysteroscopy, if any.Methods: The study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Kasturba hospital, Delhi, India. 162 patients of age group 40-55 years with AUB were included. Any demonstrable pelvic pathology like cancer of cervix, vagina or endometrium and active pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was set as exclusion criteria. All patients were subjected to hysteroscopy followed by D and C and findings of hysteroscopy and histopathology was correlated.Results: On hysteroscopy endometrium was normal in 49.3%, hyperplastic in 24.6%, atrophic in 10.4% and suspected carcinoma endometrium in 3.08%. Endometrial polyp and submucous fibroid was seen in 4.9% cases and 7.4% cases each. On confirmation by histopathology the findings were: normal endometrium in 55.4% cases, hyperplastic in 20.3%, atrophic in 9.9% and carcinoma endometrium in 1.85%. All cases of submucous fibroid and polyp were confirmed on histopathology.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy increases the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and may serve as an adjunct in the treatment of patients with specific intrauterine pathological conditions causing AUB

A comparative study of coagulation profile and platelet indices at term in pre-eclamptic, eclamptic and normal pregnancy along with fetomaternal outcome

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is reported to cause about 60-80% of maternal deaths. Platelet indices are biomarkers of platelet activation. Among these platelet indices, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) is a group of platelet parameters. When platelets are activated, they become larger in size which causes increased platelet indices such as MPV, PDW and PLCR. So, platelet indices can give an idea of platelet activation. A comparative study of coagulation profile and platelet indices at term in pre-eclamptic, eclamptic and normal pregnancy along with fetomaternal outcome.Methods: This study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in collaboration with department of pathology, Rabindranath Tagore Medical College (RNTMC), Udaipur. Cases were selected by systematic random sampling. Bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to analyse hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) during the period January 2021 to December 2021.Results: Significant difference was seen in bleeding time (seconds), prothrombin time (seconds), aPTT (seconds) between normal pregnancy as compared to pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. (p value <0.05). Patients’ admission in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was significantly higher in eclampsia (p<0.0001) and pre-eclampsia (p<0.0001) as compared to normal pregnancy (66.67%, 43.24% versus 2% respectively).Conclusions: We conclude that coagulation profile like (BT, CT, PT, and aPTT), platelet counts along with platelet indices- MPV, PDW are useful markers, which were significantly raised in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Platelet indices along with coagulation profile emerges as an important, simple, cost effective and effortless tool for predicting severity of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).

Comparative study of combination of misoprostol with Foley’s bulb compared with misoprostol alone for termination of second trimester pregnancy

Background: Second trimester abortion is termination of pregnancy in a period from 13 to 28 weeks of gestation. Second trimester losses may be due to maternal factors such as uterine malformation, growths in the uterus (fibroids), or cervical problems. These conditions also may contribute to premature birth.  Aims and objectives were to compare the efficacy, safety and suitability of combination of misoprostol with intracervical Foley’s catheter v/s misoprostol alone for termination of second trimester pregnancy.Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 100 study subjects who passed our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A: received misoprostol with intracervical Foley’s catheter. Group B: received misoprostol alone. The groups were compared with respect to the patients’ characteristics, gestational age, indication for termination of pregnancy, rate of complications, etc.Results: Mean value of age (years) of study subjects was 27.12±4.5. Mean induction to delivery time (hours) in P0 was 17.73±6.46 and in P1-P2 was 14.78±4.9 which was significantly higher as compared to ≥P3 (11.46±3.82). (p=0.0004). Mean induction to delivery time (hours) in 14 to 18 weeks was 15.25±5.4 and >18 weeks was 15.02±5.84. (p=0.854). Distribution of side effect between group A and B. (6% vs 20% respectively) (p=0.041).Conclusions: We conclude that intracervical Foley catheter and vaginal misoprostol is a safe and effective method for second trimester abortion as compared to misoprostol alone group with no additional risks.

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): A Case Report

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an anomalous decrease in the number of platelets with obscure etiologic causes. Clinical signs primarily include muco-cutaneous i.e. Petechia, purpura, ecchymosis. The most important aspects of management in this disease, is to anticipate, and control bleeding hence preventing any life threatening consequences. Transfusion of platelets, steroid therapy, Anti-D immunoglobulin are the main stay of treatment. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists and splenectomy may be necessary in some severe cases. We report a case of a young girl with ITP, identified at our unit. She was admitted to the hospital for observation and was successfully treated with steroids therapy

Inset-FED microstrip patch antenna for glucose detection using label-free microwave sensing mechanism

In this work, a real-time label-free microwave sensing mechanism for glucose concentration monitoring using a planar biosensor configured with an inset fed microstrip patch antenna has been demonstrated. A microstrip patch antenna with the resonating frequency of 1.45 GHz has been designed and is fabricated on the Flame Retardant (FR-4) substrate. Due to the intense electromagnetic field at the edges of the patch antenna, edge length has been used as the detecting area where the sample under test (SUT) interacts with the electromagnetic field. The Poly-Dimethyl-Siloxane (PDMS) with the trench in the centre has been employed as the sample holder. Here, the SUT is the glucose dissolved in DI (de-ionized) water with the concentration range of 0.2 to 0.6 g/mL. The dielectric constant dependency on the glucose concentration has been used as the distinguishing factor which results in a shift in the S-parameter. The experimentally measured RF parameters were observed closely which showed the shift in S11 magnitude from –40 to –15 dB and resonant frequency from 1.27 to 1.3 GHz w.r.t the SUT solution of 0.2 to 0.6 g/mL with linear regression coefficient of 0.881, and 0.983 respectively

Bike Location and Road Obstacle Tracking Using Smart Helmet

In India, most of the people prefer two wheelers compared to other form of vehicle due to simplicity and low cost. One important problem is bike riders suffer from inadequate roads and bad driving conditions. Other important problem with biker is that most of the time they don?t like to wear helmet which could be fatal when accidents happen. Since in India the usage of two wheelers is more as compared to four wheelers, it requires more attention as far as safety is concerned. Motorcycles have high rate of fatal accidents than automobiles or trucks and buses. According to some statistics serious head injuries can happen even in low speeds. Ninety percent of head injury cases are due to road traffic accidents, about 72 percent are youngsters in the age group of 18 to 40. So to overcome this problem we have introduced a smart helmet with additional features like road hazard warning, bike authentication. In the previous research work that focuses on the point that the bike will not get start if the rider is not wearing helmet, so we modified this feature and make ones bike secure at crucial time especially when one is away from the bike and somebody is trying to steal it. So, we recapitulated the above features and introduce the project with some more unique characteristics. The main aim of this project is to introduce the smart interactive robotic helmet with features such as road obstacle identification, bike authentication, would help the rider in detecting important traffic sounds like fire siren or horn and the smart helmet would warn the rider when hazard is ahead. In this research work, the helmet is designed in such a way that it would provide more security to the rider hence the user is attracted towards the helmet because of its peculiar characteristics. If the rider runs on the bad intersection path, he could record for the present and upcoming road obstacle which is saved in mp3 format and can play that recording by pressing the button when he goes on same path again

LAMOTRIGINE INDUCED DRESS SYNDROME

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction, mainly due to anti-epileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is a newer broad spectrum antiepileptic that can be used in both children and adults. Lamotrigine induced DRESS syndrome is a rare case with incidence of 1/1000 to 1/10000. This syndrome manifests as rash, fever, tender lymphadenopathies, hepatitis, and eosinophilia. This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and treatment of such a rare and life threatening event because early detection of the condition leads to early recovery of the patient. Further re-exposure to the drug should be avoided. Â

Multi-wavelength temporal and spectral analysis of Blazar S5 1803+78

Blazars are a class of AGN, one of their jets is pointed towards the earth. Here, we report about the multi-wavelength study for blazar S5 1803+78 between MJD 58727 to MJD 59419. We analysed $\gamma$-ray data collected by Fermi-LAT, X-ray data collected by Swift-XRT \& NuSTAR, optical photons detected by Swift-UVOT \& TUBITAK observatory in Turkey. Three flaring states are identified by analysing the $\gamma$-ray light curve. A day scale variability is observed throughout the flares with the similar rise and decay times suggesting a compact emission region located close to the central engine. Cross-correlation studies are carried out between $\gamma$-ray, radio, and X-ray bands, and no significant correlation is detected. The $\gamma$-ray and optical emission are significantly correlated with zero time lag suggesting a co-spatial origin of them. A significant positive correlation between the R-I index and the V magnitude is observed. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) modeling was performed for all the flaring episodes as well as for one quiescent state for comparison. SEDs are best fitted with the synchrotron-self Compton (SSC) model under a one-zone leptonic scenario. The SED modeling shows that to explain the high flaring state strong Doppler boosting is required.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables, Accepted in MNRA