Fluoxetine effects on periodontogenesis: histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses in rats

Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation

Análise da Saúde Periodontal e Qualidade de Vida de Gestantes Atendidas pelo SUS no Município de Maceió, Alagoas / Quality of life and Periodontal Health of Pregnant Women

As alterações hormonais que ocorrem durante a gravidez podem intensificar a ação das doenças periodontais e afetar a saúde sistêmica da gestante e do feto via transporte hematogênico de mediadores pró-inflamatórios e/ou bactérias das áreas de infecção periodontal. Tais alterações afetam diretamente a qualidade de vida (QV) da paciente, tornando a intervenção um instrumento para a redução dos aspectos negativos. Sendo assim, o presente objetiva realizar uma análise descritiva da saúde periodontal e QV relacionada a saúde bucal de gestantes atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no município de Maceió (AL). A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de amostra de conveniência com 43 gestantes no período de setembro a outubro de 2019. Os dados clínicos foram coletados utilizando o exame Índice Periodontal Comunitário das Necessidades de Tratamento (CPITN) e os de QV por meio do questionário Perfil de Impacto na Saúde Oral-14 (OHIP-14). Os resultados foram divididos em grupos de acordo com escolaridade, tempo de gestação, idade, número de escovações diárias e conhecimentos sobre gestação, atendimento odontológico, complicações bucais que ocorrem nesse período e orientação profissional a respeito do pré-natal odontológico. Através da análise descritiva dos resultados, foi possível observar alta taxa de saúde periodontal e escore de 6,8 do OHIP-14, indicando baixo impacto na QV relacionada a saúde bucal

Quality of life and periodontal health of patients submitted to hemodialysis / Qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde bucal de pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise

Objective: to evaluate quality of life for periodontal health in patients undergoing hemodialysis at Hospital Vida in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: After examination by Research Ethics Committee of Centro Universitário Tiradentes - AL, participants included through convenience sample method, found in hemodialysis at Hospital Vida. General health information, level of education, number of teeth, use of prostheses and periodontal clinical methods were collected through probing. To analyze impact of oral health on quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using arithmetic mean. The OHIP-14 answers received a score that were multiplied by specific weight of each question. The results were grouped and presented by descriptive analysis. Results: 126 participants with a mean age of 52.8 years were included. Among them, 78 (61.9%) men and 48 (38%) women. The mean number of teeth was 15.9 and, at periodontal probing, mean probing depth of 2.6 mm and clinical attachment level of 1.9 mm were observed. Final code OHIP-14 mean was 9.53. Conclusions: After results evaluation, it was possible to observe occurrence of periodontitis in participants, high rates of unsatisfactory dental prostheses, as well as low impact of quality of life in relation to number of teeth and school level

Dietary supplementation with multi-strain formula of probiotics modulates inflammatory and immunological markers in apical periodontitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats. Methodology: 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) ( Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis and Streptococcus thermofilus ). AP was induced in the upper and lower first molars by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment. PCG was administered orally through gavage for 30 days during the AP development. After this period the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, RANKL, OPG, and TRAP. The Mann–Whitney U test and Student’s t test were performed (P<.05). Results:  The CG showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate than the PCG group (P<.05). IL-1β, IL 6 and RANKL decreased in the PCG group compared with CG (P<.05). The IL-10 level increased in the PCG group (P<.05). The OPG level was similar in both groups (P>.05). The number of mature osteoclasts (TRAP-positive multinucleated cells) was lower in PCG group when compared to the CG (P<.05). Conclusion: Probiotic Complex modulates inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Midazolam Sedation Compared with its Combination with Hydroxyzine Use in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the use of midazolam as monotherapy, compared to the associated use of midazolam and hydroxyzine for minimum and moderate sedation of children in dental offices, using data obtained from clinical trials. Material and Methods: A systematic review protocol was developed and registered on PROSPERO (CR42020208633). An electronic search was carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs, Science Direct, Open Gray, Web of Science, and central Cochrane Library. No language restrictions were included. Clinical trials were carried out with children aged 0-12 years, using midazolam as monotherapy compared to the use of midazolam associated with hydroxyzine to verify the effectiveness and safety of oral sedation. The quality of the studies was individually assessed and grouped using the RoB 2 (Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) systems, respectively. Results: A total of 749 studies were found. After analyzing the inclusion and removal of duplicates, two studies were analyzed for the quality of evidence. Through this analysis, it was possible to verify the very low level of scientific evidence on the superiority of the efficacy and safety of the combined use of midazolam and hydroxyzine for oral sedation in children in dental offices. Conclusion: The conflicting results and limitations of the studies enabled to establish that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of these drugs combined. There is only evidence for the use of midazolam as monotherapy

Evaluation of the use and need of dental prosthesis in a school clinic: a cross-study / Avaliação do uso e necessidade de prótese dentária numa clínica escola: um estudo transversal

Objective: This paper aims to identify the use and need of prosthesis, age and gender of users of the dental service of the school clinic of a private university in Recife. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed through analysis of medical records. From 2,294 records of the semesters 2016.2 and 2017.1, 790 were analyzed that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was divided into three groups according to the age of the patients (35 - 44, 45 - 64 and 65 - 74 years old) and were analyzed according to gender, prosthesis use, need of prosthesis or use and need of prosthesis. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel © and submitted to statistics. Results: Females were the most expressive in the search of the service (66.1%); besides that, 86.8% of the patients did not wear prosthesis and 71.1% needed to use it. Total Prosthesis was the most used (50%) and the Removable Partial Prosthesis presented the greatest need of use (74%). Conclusion: It was concluded that women from 45 – 64 years old seek more the rehabilitation service, and the need is greater in one arcade, showing an evolution to access the dentist. 

Histological and histometric aspects of radicular dentinogenesis in upper first molars of fluoxetine treated rats / Aspectos histológicos e histométricos da dentinogênese radicular em primeiros molares superiores dos ratos tratados com fluoxetina

Introduction: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter implicated on the control of several bodies roles including the regulation of circadian rhythm, of sleepiness, body temperature, motor and cognitive activities and of growth and development of tissues during embryogenesis. Objective: The aim of the present study is to assay the morphological aspects of the root dentin of upper first molars from pups of rats that were treated with fluoxetine in pregnancy. Methodology: For such, we conducted a random experimental study by using used 12 Wistar pregnant rats divided into three groups: C, FX and FL group. From the first to the 21 day of pregnancy, the rats received saline solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride solution, subcutaneously, according to the group to which they belonged. Subsequently, the offspring of animals was divided into subsets according to the age of tooth germ development to be studied: C20 and C45 (control group of 20 and 45 days of age); FL20 and FL45 (treated group with fluoxetine 10 mg/kg body weight of 20 and 45 days of life) and FX20 and FX45 (treated group with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg body weight of 20 and 45 days old). The thickness of root dentin, predentin thickness and length of odontoblasts were analyzed at the offspring samples. The data were tabulated and statistical values were performed with a significance level p 0,05. Results/Conclusion: Studies have shown significant changes in dentinogenesis root of the groups treated with fluoxetine at doses of 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight during pregnancy

Fluoxetine effects on periodontogenesis: histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses in rats

Abstract Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation

Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias: Imaging Features Based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

<div><p>Abstract Imaging exams have important role in diagnosis of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) stands out for allowing three-dimensional image evaluation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cases diagnosed as COD on CBCT scans, as well identify the main imaging features related to these lesions. An analysis was performed in a database containing 22,400 radiological reports, in which all cases showing some type of COD were initially selected. These CBCT exams were reevaluated to confirm the radiographic diagnosis and determine the prevalence and distribution of the types of COD with regard to gender, age and preferred location, while describing its most common imaging aspects. Data were presented using descriptive analyses. There were 82 cases diagnosed as COD in the CBCT images (prevalence of 0.4%). The distribution of patients was 11 (13.4%) male and 71 (86.6%) female, with a mean age of 49.8 years (age-range 17-85 years). There were 47 (57.3%) cases of periapical COD, 23 (28%) of focal COD and 12 (14.6%) of florid COD. The mandible was more affected than the maxilla. In most cases, the lesions were mixed or hyperdense. All COD had well-defined limits and there were no cases of tooth displacement. In conclusion, periapical COD was the most common type and the most affected bone was the mandible. Imaging evaluation is critical for diagnosis and dentists should bear in mind all possible radiographic presentations of COD in order to prevent misleading diagnoses and consequently, inadequate treatments.</p></div