Assessment of the particular demand for 18FDG/PET-CT procedures: a discussion regarding new incorporations by the SUS

Os exames de imagem considerados de alto custo vantagens diagnósticas apresentam que os tornam relevantes no contexto da saúde pública. Tomografia Emissão de Pósitron exemplos associados à Tomografia Computadorizada realizada com fluorodesoxiglicose ( 18 F-PET-CT) é um exame de alto custo, mas estratégico para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento de doenças que podem ser por meio do metabolismo da glicose nenhum organismo. O presente trabalho deste exame proposta uma discussão sobre a disponibilização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), demonstra os seus valores diagnósticos e a inclusão progressiva no rol de exames reembols. exames.Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de exames realizados no Centro de Tecnologia Molecular - Faculdade de Medicina/UFMG (CTMM-FM/UFMG), pagos de forma particular ao longo dos anos de 2012-2019. Os resultados associados indicam uma busca contínua pelo exame para casos ao diagnóstico, estadiamento e acompanhamento do tratamento oncológico, principalmente Linfomas.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Doses e risco da radiação em pacientes submetidos a exames de corpo inteiro de 18F-FDG PET-CT para diagnóstico oncológico

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-09T16:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_priscila_final.pdf: 1174718 bytes, checksum: d2323ab9f8cd663688a779d3075ca281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29A técnica de PET-CT, quando comparada a outras técnicas de diagnóstico, pode submeter os pacientes a níveis de radiação mais elevados pelo fato de que, além da radiação proveniente do radiofármaco administrado, o paciente recebe também a radiação emitida pelo tomógrafo computadorizado. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as doses absorvidas no cristalino, tireoide, mamas, cérebro, hipófise, pulmão, dentre outros órgãos, bem como a dose efetiva resultante dos exames de PET-CT realizadas com o radiofármaco 18F-FDG para diagnóstico oncológico em varreduras de corpo inteiro. O modelo biocinético da ICRP-106, simuladores antropomórficos e detectores termoluminescentes foram utilizados na determinação das doses depositadas. Protocolos de aquisição de imagens otimizados foram avaliados com intuito de reduzir as doses nos pacientes e foi estimado o risco de indução de câncer para pacientes submetidos a este exame diagnóstico. Utilizando-se o protocolo de aquisição de imagens de PET-CT para diagnóstico e estadiamento oncológico, com o protocolo de CT para mapeamento anatômico, os resultados mostraram que 60% do valor da dose efetiva do exame de corpo inteiro é proveniente da incorporação do radiofármaco, sendo os valores de dose efetiva para um paciente típico do sexo masculino de (8,51 ± 2,21) mSv e feminino de (5,80 ± 1,57) mSv. Foi também demonstrado que na aplicação do protocolo otimizado para aquisição da imagem de PET-CT, o risco de indução de câncer fatal reduz-se a aproximadamente 23% para os pacientes de ambos os sexos. Como conclusão, a dose nos pacientes submetidos ao exame 18F-FDG PET-CT pode ser reduzida desde que se utilize a técnica de aquisição de imagem apropriada e se promova a aplicação do princípio de otimização da prática.Patients submitted to PET-CT examinations might be exposed to radiation levels, higher than those from other diagnostic techniques. The reason is that PET-CT complies two radiation exposures: one from the intravenous injection of the radiopharmaceutical and the other from the computerized tomography. The study of the mean absorbed dose in an organ and the effective dose in patients undergoing PET-CT examination is relevant to allow the optimization of diagnostic radiology procedures in order to follow the principles of radiation protection. In this work, the absorbed dose in several organs and the effective dose in patients submitted to PET-CT exams with the radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG were assessed. The ICRP-106 biokinetic model and thermoluminescent detectors in a anthropomorphic phantom were used. In order to reduce the patient dose, new protocols for image acquisition were also evaluated. In addition, the risk of cancer induction for the patients was estimated. The use of the PET-CT image acquisition protocol, with the CT protocol for anatomical mapping, showed that 60% of effective dose was from the radiotracer administration, being the effective dose values for a typical male patient of (8.51 ± 2.21) mSv and female (5.80 ± 1.57) mSv. It was also noticed that the optimized protocol for PET-CT image acquisition reduced the risk of inducing fatal cancer in approximately 23 % for both male and female patients. In conclusion, patient doses can be reduced by using appropriate imaging acquisition in 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations and promoting the compliance with the radiation protection principles