278 research outputs found
Earth Sensor Assembly for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Observatory
EDO Corporation/Barnes Engineering Division (BED) has provided the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Earth Sensor Assembly (ESA), a key element in the TRMM spacecraft's attitude control system. This report documents the history, design, fabrication, assembly, and test of the ESA
Pulmonary Hyperinflation and Left Ventricular Mass
Background—Left ventricular (LV) mass is an important predictor of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, yet determinants of LV mass are incompletely understood. Pulmonary hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may contribute to changes in intrathoracic pressure that increase LV wall stress. We therefore hypothesized that residual lung volume in COPD would be associated with greater LV mass.
Methods and Results—The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study recruited smokers 50 to 79 years of age who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease. LV mass was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance. Pulmonary function testing was performed according to guidelines. Regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, body size, blood pressure, and other cardiac risk factors. Among 119 MESA COPD Study participants, the mean age was 69±6 years, 55% were male, and 65% had COPD, mostly of mild or moderate severity. Mean LV mass was 128±34 g. Residual lung volume was independently associated with greater LV mass (7.2 g per 1-SD increase in residual volume; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–12; P=0.004) and was similar in magnitude to that of systolic blood pressure (7.6 g per 1-SD increase in systolic blood pressure; 95% confidence interval, 4.3–11; P<0.001). Similar results were observed for the ratio of LV mass to end-diastolic volume (P=0.02) and with hyperinflation measured as residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (P=0.009).
Conclusions—Pulmonary hyperinflation, as measured by residual lung volume or residual lung volume to total lung capacity ratio, is associated with greater LV mass
Differential penetration of raltegravir throughout gastrointestinal tissue: implications for eradication and cure
To investigate the concentration of the integrase strand inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) throughout gastrointestinal (GI) tissue, especially gutassociated lymphoid tissue (GALT), as an adjunct to current prevention and cure strategies
Cognitive function and disability in late Life: An ecological validation of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests among community dwelling older adults in south India
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Krishna, M., Beulah, E., Jones, S., Sundarachari, R., Soroja .A., Kumaran, K., Kalyanaraman, K., Karat, S. C., Copeland, J. R. M., Prince, M. & Fall, C. (2015). Cognitive function and disability in late Life: An ecological validation of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests among community dwelling older adults in South India. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 31(8) 879-891, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4404. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingKey Points
• 10/66 cognitive tests are well suited for identification of older adults with cognitive and functional impairment at a population level in LMIC setting.
• Lower scores on individual domains of the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests are associated with higher levels of disability and functional impairment.
• It is feasible to administer 10/66 cognitive assessments in participant's own homes in India.
• 10/66 cognitive tests are education and culture fair, suitable for use in population based research in India
Tungsten oxide thin film for room temperature nitrogen dioxide gas sensing
Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films for gas sensing have been successfully deposited using reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at different deposition temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C). The structural, morphological properties, thickness and composition have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) techniques. To investigate the effect of deposition temperature on the gas sensing properties of deposited thin films on alumina substrates, was conducted using the Kenosistec gas sensing unit. WO3 thin film deposited at 500 °C exhibited a higher response when sensing Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at room temperature as compared to the thin films prepared at 300 °C and 400 °C, respectively. However, as deposited WO3 thin films exhibited low sensitivity when sensing reducing gases such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3), which was an indication of good selectivity properties of WO3 related sensors
An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of coercion towards community dwelling older adults with dementia: Findings from MYsore studies of Natal effects on Ageing and Health (MYNAH)
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1286-4Purpose Limited availability of specialist services places a
considerable burden on caregivers of Persons with
Dementia (PwD) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
(LMICs). There are limited qualitative data on coercive
behavior towards PwD in an LMIC setting.
Aim The aim of this study was to find relevant themes of
the lived experience of relatives as caregivers for PwD in
view of their use of coercive measures in community setting
in South India.
Method Primary caregivers (n = 13) of PwDs from the
Mysore study of Natal effects on Ageing and Health
(MYNAH) in South India were interviewed to explore the
nature and impact of coercion towards community
dwelling older adults with dementia. The narrative data
were coded using an Interpretative Phenomenological
Analysis (IPA) approach for thematic analysis and theory
formation.
Results Caregivers reported feeling physical and emotional
burn-out, a lack of respite care, an absence of
shared caregiving arrangements, limited knowledge of
dementia, and a complete lack of community support
services. They reported restrictions on their lives through
not being able take employment, a poor social life,
reduced income and job opportunities, and restricted
movement that impacted on their physical and emotional
well-being. Inappropriate use of sedatives, seclusion and
environmental restraint, and restricted dietary intake,
access to finances and participation in social events, was
commonly reported methods of coercion used by caregivers
towards PwD. Reasons given by caregivers for
employing these coercive measures included safeguarding
of the PwD and for the management of behavioral problems
and physical health.
Conclusion There is an urgent need for training health and
social care professionals to better understand the use of
coercive measures and their impact on persons with
dementia in India. It is feasible to conduct qualitative
research using IPA in South India
Tidal Disruption Event Demographics with the Zwicky Transient Facility: Volumetric Rates, Luminosity Function, and Implications for the Local Black Hole Mass Function
We conduct a systematic tidal disruption event (TDE) demographics analysis
using the largest sample of optically selected TDEs. A flux-limited,
spectroscopically complete sample of 33 TDEs is constructed using the Zwicky
Transient Facility over three years (from October 2018 to September 2021). We
infer the black hole (BH) mass () with host galaxy scaling
relations, showing that the sample ranges from
to . We developed a survey efficiency corrected maximum
volume method to infer the rates. The rest-frame -band luminosity function
(LF) can be well described by a broken power-law of , with . In the BH mass regime of , the TDE mass function follows
, which favors a flat local BH mass
function (). We confirm
the significant rate suppression at the high-mass end (), which is consistent with theoretical predictions
considering direct capture of hydrogen-burning stars by the event horizon. At a
host galaxy mass of , the average optical TDE
rate is . We constrain
the optical TDE rate to be [3.7, 7.4, and 1.6 in galaxies with red, green, and blue colors.Comment: Replaced following peer-review process. 38 pages, 23 figures.
Accepted for publication in ApJ
Single- and Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir Plus Ritonavir and Etravirine in Semen and Rectal Tissue of HIV-Negative Men
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has become a central component of combination HIV prevention efforts. Defining the individual exposure of commercially available ART in genital secretions and vulnerable mucosal tissues is paramount to designing future prevention interventions
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Binds and Undergoes Transcription in Neutrophils From the Blood and Airways of Infants With Severe Bronchiolitis
Background. Neutrophils are the predominant cell in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Although it has previously been shown that neutrophils from both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are activated, little is understood about their role in response to RSV infection. This study investigated whether RSV proteins and mRNA are present in neutrophils from blood and BAL of infected infants
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