Interacciones entre fármacos de libre venta y de prescripción.

Tesis (Químico Farmacéutico)Los medicamentos son una de las herramientas terapéuticas más utilizadas en la práctica de la medicina, cuyo uso de manera apropiada permite la obtención de importantes beneficios sanitarios representados por la prevención, diagnóstico, curación, atenuación y tratamiento de las enfermedades y sus síntomas. No obstante, su utilización puede llevar a problemas importantes de morbilidad y de mortalidad. Las reacciones adversas son el resultado de una interacción entre el organismo el medicamento y una serie de factores extrínsecos adicionales. Influyen, por tanto, los factores propios, los ambientales, los ligados al propio enfermo (procesos farmacocinéticos, edad, estado patológico) y las asociaciones entre medicamentos. Estas últimas pueden dar lugar a i'11teracciones farmacológicas. Las cuales son necesarias conocer, para predecir las probables interacciones y así advertir a la población y a los profesionales del área de la salud, sobre los potenciales riesgos. Dado que no existen estudios en farmacia comunitaria sobre las interacciones farmacológicas potenciales. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante una encuesta aplicada a 731 clientes-pacientes que frecuentaban los locales de Farmacias Ahumada, de la Provincia de Santiago, con el objetivo de estudiar las posibles interacciones que pudiesen presentarse en la administración conjunta de fármacos de prescripción y de libre venta. De las encuestas realizadas se obtuvo que: el 76,34% de los clientes-pacientes se administra 3 o 4 medicamentos concomitantemente; el consumo promedio fue de 3,92 medicamentos; del total de fármacos el 59,97% corresponde a analgésicos, cardiovasculares y antiinfecciosos; las interacciones de severidad mayor corresponden a fármacos analgésicos + sistema nervioso central; las interacciones más frecuentes corresponden a fármacos analgésicos + cardiovasculares..

Motive of the SL4SL_4-character variety of torus knots

In this paper, we compute the motive of the character variety of representations of the fundamental group of the complement of an arbitrary torus knot into $SL_4(k)$, for any algebraically closed field $k$. For that purpose, we introduce a stratification of the variety in terms of the type of a canonical filtration attached to any representation. This allows us to reduce the computation of the motive to a combinatorial problem.Comment: 35 pages. Note: download source for the output of all the strata as separate fil

Representation variety for the rank one affine group

The aim of this paper is to study the virtual classes of representation varieties of surface groups onto the rank one affine group. We perform this calculation by three different approaches: the geometric method, based on stratifying the representation variety into simpler pieces; the arithmetic method, focused on counting their number of points over finite fields; and the quantum method, which performs the computation by means of a Topological Quantum Field Theory. We also discuss the corresponding moduli spaces of representations and character varieties, which turn out to be non-equivalent due to the non-reductiveness of the underlying group.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. References adde

Modelling the spatial and sectoral benefits of productivity enhancing innovations using a transport oriented multiregional IO framework: the ‘megatruck’ in Spain

We render operational the model outlined by Carter (1990) via the introduction of the research methods necessary for studying the spatial and sectoral (upstream and downstream) benefits of productivity-enhancing innovations within a real interregional input–output framework. As case study we examine the reduction in production costs derived from the adoption of longer and heavier vehicles in freight road transportation. We exploit a new Spanish regional table including a detailed disaggregation of the transportation sector. The productivity gains at the national level, resulting from a 30% reduction in transport costs, amount to 2.95% of the GVA at market prices. Results show that firms operating in this niche market appropriate most of the gross operation surplus (which increases by 10%), consistent with the existence of market power. The remaining transportation sectors see profits slightly worsened, suggesting limited substitution effects. A high regional heterogeneity exists because of the different input–output structuresThis work was supported by Ministerio de Fomento, Spain: [Grant Number P42-08

Reactive oxygen species in haematopoiesis: leukaemic cells take a walk on the wild side

[EN]Oxidative stress is related to ageing and degenerative diseases, including cancer. However, a moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for the regulation of cellular signalling and gene expression. A low level of ROS is important for maintaining quiescence and the differentiation potential of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas the level of ROS increases during haematopoietic differentiation; thus, suggesting the importance of redox signalling in haematopoiesis. Here, we will analyse the importance of ROS for haematopoiesis and include evidence showing that cells from leukaemia patients live under oxidative stress. The potential sources of ROS will be described. Finally, the level of oxidative stress in leukaemic cells can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In this regard, the reliance of front-line anti-leukaemia chemotherapeutics on increased levels of ROS for their mechanism of action, as well as the active search for novel compounds that modulate the redox state of leukaemic cells, will be analysed

Morbimortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico en la unidad de cuidados Intensivos durante 1998-1999. Morbidity and mortality as a cause of cranio-encephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit during 1998-1999

Nuestro estudio estuvo dirigido a conocer las morbi - mortalidad por trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE) en la UCI del Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 1999. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 40 pacientes vivos y 48 fallecidos (54 % de mortalidad). Las variables seleccionadas: Edad, sexo, Glasgow, localización del trauma, estudio radiológico, diagnóstico operatorio, complicaciones, hallazgos necrópsicos. Para el procesamiento estadístico utilizamos paquete estadístico "Systac" versión para Windows 95 con ajuste de µ = 0,05. Se demostró predominio del trauma cráneo encefálico en el sexo masculino, edades entre 15 - 30 años, Glasgow inferior a 8 puntos. El diagnóstico fue clínico y la lesión encefálica temporal, predominando el daño axonal difuso y la fractura. Las complicaciones fueron: sépticas (sepsis respiratorias y por catéter), neuroquirúrgicas (hipertensión endocraneana, hemorragia, hemorragia subaracnoidea post-traumática, hematomas tardíos), hemodinámicas (hipotensión, hipertensión, anemia, trastornos hidroeléctricos). Los hallazgos necrópsicos: enclavamiento amigdalino, destrucción de centros nerviosos superiores, hematomas, contusión cerebral, fracturas. DeCS: HERIDAS Y LESIONES/ mortalidad, MORBILIDAD, TRAUMATISMOS DE LA CABEZA/ mortalidad. ABSTRACT To know the mortality and morbidity rate due to brain-encephalic trauma in the UCI of Abel Santamaría General Hospital between January 1998 to December 1999 was the aim of our study. Medical records from 40 alive patients and 48 who died were analyzed (mortality rate, 54 %). Age, sex, Glasgow scale, trauma, radiographic study, surgical diagnosis, complications and biopsy findings were the selected variables. Systac was the statistical procedure used with Windows 95 System with an adjustment of a = 0,05. Brain encephalic trauma was predominant in male between 15 ? 30 and 30 and 45 years old, the Glasgow scale under 8 points was used. Diagnosis was clinical and encephalic injury was temporal, predominating the difuse axonal injury and fracture. Respiratory sepsis produced by the use of a catheter were the septic complications; endocranial hypertension, post trauma subaracnoid hemorrhage and late hematomas were the neurosurgical complications; hypotension, hypertension, anemia and electrolyte imbalance were the hemodynamic complications. Tonsillar abscess, lower nervous centers destruction, hematomas, brain injury and fracture were found in the biopsy. DeCS: BRAIN INJURIES, HEART INJURIES, WOUNDS AND INJURIES/mortality, MORBIDITY

Morbimortalidad por trauma craneoencefálico en la unidad de cuidados Intensivos durante 1998-1999. Morbidity and mortality as a cause of cranio-encephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit during 1998-1999

Nuestro estudio estuvo dirigido a conocer las morbi - mortalidad por trauma cráneo encefálico (TCE) en la UCI del Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 1999. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 40 pacientes vivos y 48 fallecidos (54 % de mortalidad). Las variables seleccionadas: Edad, sexo, Glasgow, localización del trauma, estudio radiológico, diagnóstico operatorio, complicaciones, hallazgos necrópsicos. Para el procesamiento estadístico utilizamos paquete estadístico "Systac" versión para Windows 95 con ajuste de µ = 0,05. Se demostró predominio del trauma cráneo encefálico en el sexo masculino, edades entre 15 - 30 años, Glasgow inferior a 8 puntos. El diagnóstico fue clínico y la lesión encefálica temporal, predominando el daño axonal difuso y la fractura. Las complicaciones fueron: sépticas (sepsis respiratorias y por catéter), neuroquirúrgicas (hipertensión endocraneana, hemorragia, hemorragia subaracnoidea post-traumática, hematomas tardíos), hemodinámicas (hipotensión, hipertensión, anemia, trastornos hidroeléctricos). Los hallazgos necrópsicos: enclavamiento amigdalino, destrucción de centros nerviosos superiores, hematomas, contusión cerebral, fracturas. DeCS: HERIDAS Y LESIONES/ mortalidad, MORBILIDAD, TRAUMATISMOS DE LA CABEZA/ mortalidad. ABSTRACT To know the mortality and morbidity rate due to brain-encephalic trauma in the UCI of Abel Santamaría General Hospital between January 1998 to December 1999 was the aim of our study. Medical records from 40 alive patients and 48 who died were analyzed (mortality rate, 54 %). Age, sex, Glasgow scale, trauma, radiographic study, surgical diagnosis, complications and biopsy findings were the selected variables. Systac was the statistical procedure used with Windows 95 System with an adjustment of a = 0,05. Brain encephalic trauma was predominant in male between 15 ? 30 and 30 and 45 years old, the Glasgow scale under 8 points was used. Diagnosis was clinical and encephalic injury was temporal, predominating the difuse axonal injury and fracture. Respiratory sepsis produced by the use of a catheter were the septic complications; endocranial hypertension, post trauma subaracnoid hemorrhage and late hematomas were the neurosurgical complications; hypotension, hypertension, anemia and electrolyte imbalance were the hemodynamic complications. Tonsillar abscess, lower nervous centers destruction, hematomas, brain injury and fracture were found in the biopsy. DeCS: BRAIN INJURIES, HEART INJURIES, WOUNDS AND INJURIES/mortality, MORBIDITY

AMPK activation by oncogenesis is required to maintain cancer cell proliferation in astrocytic tumors

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that controls cell metabolism, and it has been related to apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Although its role in metabolic homeostasis is well documented, its function in cancer is much less clear. In this study, we examined the role of AMPK in a mouse model of astrocytoma driven by oncogenic H-Ras(V12) and/or with PTEN deletion based on the common constitutive activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT cascades in human astrocytomas. We also evaluated the activity and role of AMPK in human glioblastoma cells and xenografts. AMPK was constitutively activated in astrocytes expressing oncogenic H-Ras(V12) in parallel with high cell division rates. Genetic deletion of AMPK or attenuation of its activity in these cells was sufficient to reduce cell proliferation. The levels of pAMK were always related to the levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) at Ser804, which may indicate an AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of Rb. We confirmed this AMPK-Rb relationship in human glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts. In clinical specimens of human glioblastoma, elevated levels of activated AMPK appeared especially in areas of high proliferation surrounding the blood vessels. Together, our findings indicate that the initiation and progression of astrocytic tumors relies upon AMPK-dependent control of the cell cycle, thereby identifying AMPK as a candidate therapeutic target in this setting

Characterization of the heteropolysaccharides produced by Liquorilactobacillus sicerae CUPV261 and Secundilactobacillus collinoides CUPV237 isolated from cider

Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from alcoholic beverages are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). The present work focuses on the physico-chemical characterization of the heteropolysaccharides (HePS) produced by Liquorilactobacillus sicerae CUPV261T (formerly known as Lactobacillus sicerae) and Secundilactobacillus collinoides CUPV237 (formerly known as Lactobacillus collinoides) strains isolated from cider. Genome sequencing and assembly enabled the identification of at least four putative HePS gene clusters in each strain, which correlated with the ability of both strains to secrete EPS. The crude EPS preparation from CUPV261T contained glucose, galactose and rhamnose, and that of CUPV237 was composed of glucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. Both EPS were mixtures of HePS of different composition, with two major soluble components of average molecular weights (Mw) in the range of 106 and 104 g.mol−1. These HePS were resistant to gastric stress conditions in an in vitro model, and they significantly reduced zebrafish larvae mortality in an in vivo model of inflammatory bowel disease.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant RTI2018-097114-B-I00 to P.L. and M.T.D.), by the Basque Government (grants KK-2019/00076, KK-2021/00034, KK-2022/00107, IT1662-22 and PIBA_2020_1_0032 to M.T.D and O.E.) and by the University of the Basque Country (GIU19/014)