Ockham, Suarez and Descartes: the transition from the late medieval Noethics to modern Philosophy

El artículo estudia algunas ideas de importancia de las teorías del conocimiento del siglo XIV que se estima tienen un papel relevante en el origen de la filosofía moderna, particularmente en la filosofía de Descartes. Tales ideas, entre otras, son: a) la noción escotista de notitia abstractiva y su correlato en la noción de conceptus objectivus de procedencia aviceniana; b) la tendencia presente en un buen número de autores franciscanos, que en el proceso del conocimiento otorga más relevancia al sujeto cognoscente que a la cosa conocida; c) la idea teológica de la omnipotencia divina que, de potentia absoluta, aplicada al conocimiento humano, cree posible un concepto sin objeto; d) una difusa tendencia al escepticismo, que se alimenta de dos fuentes: la teoría agustiniana de la iluminación y el giro que en el siglo XIV experimenta la lógica hacia la dialéctica. En torno a estas ideas se descubre una línea de pensamiento común a Ockham, Suárez (y los conimbricenses) y Descartes, en cuyas filosofías la intencionalidad y la certeza del conocimiento quedan comprometidas.The article studies some important ideas of the theory of knowledge in the fourteenth century that are estimated to be particularly relevant in the origin of modern philosophy, especially in the philosophy of Descartes. Among others, some of the ideas are: a) the Scotus notion of notitia abstractiva and its correlation with the avicennan conceptus objectivus; b) the trend present in a substantial amount of Franciscan authors, that, in the process of knowledge, puts the emphasis more in the knower than thing known; c) the theological idea of divine omnipotence that, de potentia absoluta, applied in human knowledge, believes that it is possible to know without an object; d) a diffuse tendency to the scepticism, which is based on two sources: the Augustinian theory of the illumination and the change that in the fourteenth century the logic experiences moving forward to the dialectic. In these ideas we discover a common line among Ockham, Suárez (and the conimbricenses) and Descartes, in whose philosophies the intentionality and the certitude of knowledge are jeopardised

Escribiendo urbanismo - diseñando narraciones: Bogotá: literatura, urbanismo y cultura urbana 1940 – 1960

Este artículo presenta de manera sucinta los resultados de un ejercicio de investigación sobre la relación entre urbanismo y literatura como elemento para entender fenómenos históricos acecidos específicamente en Bogotá entre 1940 y 1960. Para tal efecto se eligen fundamentalmente tres novelas escritas en este periodo y se analizan dos aspectos considerados fundamentales en el desarrollo de la ciudad moderna: circular y habitar. A partir de este esquema se construye una de categorización analítica utilizando nociones formuladas por el historiador Carl Schorske: ciudad como vicio, ciudad como virtud y ciudad más allá del bien y del mal, que referidas a las novelas permite entender la relación de doble implicación entre cambios culturales y cambios urbanísticos.This article briefly presents the results of a research exercise on the relationship between urbanism and literature as an element to understand historical phenomena that took place specifically in Bogota between 1940 and 1960. To that end, two aspects of great importance in the development of the modern city, move and inhabit, are analyzed in three novels written in this period of time. Based on this outline, an analytical categorization is built using ideas formulated by the historian Carl Schorske, the city as a vice, the city as a virtue and the city beyond good and evil, which referred to the novels, allows to understand the two way relationship between cultural and urban changes.Peer Reviewe

Buridán, el 'impetus' y la primera unificación de la física terrestre y celeste

El papel desempeñado por el concepto de impetus en la evolución de las ideas físicas reviste una indudable relevancia. Por un lado, a mitad de camino entre la noción aristotélica y newtoniana de movimiento, dicho concepto permite mantener la unidad de laThe role placed by the concept of impetus in the evolution of physical ideas is of great relevance. On the one hand, standing on the middle ground between the aristotelian and newtonian notions of movement, said concept allows us to maintain the unity o

El espíritu de la filosofía moderna en sus rasgos esenciales

Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto del modo más unitario posible cuáles son los grandes principios de los que procede la filosofía moderna. Después de considerar en general los puntos posibles de partida de la filosofía (mundo, yo, Dios), se constata que la filosofía moderna ha elegido como principios desde los que comenzar su andadura el yo (sobre todo en Descartes) y el absoluto (especialmente en Spinoza y el idealismo). Posteriormente el artículo se dedica al análisis detallado de cada uno de los aspectos contenidos por estos principios que han configurado el pensamiento moderno como una reflexión antropocéntrica, mecanicista y deísta.This article tries to show, in the most clear and unitary way, the great principles which modern philosophy proceeds from. After first considering the great points of departure for philosophy (World, I and God), it is revealed, that modern philosophy has chosen from these themes the "I", as foundation from which it begins its course (evident in Descartes) as well as the absolute (in Spinoza and Idealism). As next step a detailed analysis is undergone of all the aspects contained in these principles, to reach to the conclusion, that modern thought is anthropocentric in the way that it confronts the problem of the "I", mechanistic in its vision of nature and deistic in its explanation of God

La soberanía en Vitoria en el contexto del nacimiento del Esta do moderno: algunas consideraciones sobre el De potestate civili de Vitoria

The article studies some of the most important political ideas present in the origins of the modern State, especially the notion of political sovereignty, which, borne and developed in the maiestas of the imperial roman law and in the averroistic interpretation of the aristotelian idea of the perfect community, is accepted and developed by Francisco de Vitoria in the De potestate civili. Vitoria characterizes sovereignty with the features of supremacy in the domestic activity of the State and independence with regard to other States

El Concilio Vaticano II ante la filosofía moderna: temáticas y autores

The spirit of the Second Vatican Council can be expressed in three terms that summarize its tremendous effort: faithful, pastoral and modern. In this spirit, the Church sought to deal with doctrinal questions in a new way, preferring mercy to severity. In agreement with this spirit of the Council, Paul VI transformed the Congregation of the Holy Office into the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith and suppressed the Index of prohibited books. The inclusion of many modern philosophers shows that the relation between modern philosophical thought and Catholic theology has been difficult, most likely due to the principle of immanence at the heart of modern thought. The article, then, analyzes and evaluates the metaphysical, gnoseological and ethical themes that stem from the assumption of the principle of immanence in some modern philosophers. However, the suppression of the Index shows that the essential continuity, faithfulness to the faith, is able to be accompanied by the accidental reform, as pastoral requirement and modernization