Calibración de ítems vía expertos utilizando Moodle

Calibrar un conjunto de ítems mediante el juicio de expertos es un proceso que consiste en establecer en una métrica común la dificultad de cada ítem partiendo de una muestra de datos que ha sido recogida previamente a individuos especialistas en el tema sobre el que versan los ítems y que contiene estimaciones sobre el nivel de dificultad de cada uno de ellos. Este proceso de calibración no es una tarea simple, pues normalmente implica repartir el conjunto de ítems en distintos tipos de cuestionarios a distribuir entre los expertos, puede ser necesario que algunos ítems se repitan en varios cuestionarios y es conveniente comprobar que el valor estimado de la dificultad se hace sobre ítems no anómalos y se basa en las aportaciones de expertos fiables. Además, se deben consensuar los criterios, a veces dispares, de los expertos consultados. Este artículo se centra en la construcción y calibración del banco de ítems a partir del juicio de expertos de una manera electrónica y describe un procedimiento para este tipo de calibración utilizando una plataforma educativa web: Moodle. En la actualidad, Moodle es uno de los paquetes de software libre más populares para la creación de cursos y sitios Web basados en Internet, siendo utilizado por instituciones educativas a nivel mundial, para ofrecer formación online

Noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer by hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA

Background Current noninvasive assays have limitations in the early detection of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the clinical utility of promoter methylation of the long noncoding RNA LINC00473 as a noninvasive biomarker to detect colorectal cancer and associated precancerous lesions. Methods We evaluated the epigenetic regulation of LINC00473 through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing and expression analyses. DNA methylation of LINC00473 was analyzed in primary colorectal tumors using 450K arrays and RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tissue-based findings were validated in several independent cohorts of colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyp patients by pyrosequencing. We explored the clinical utility of LINC00473 methylation for the early detection of colorectal cancer in plasma cell-free DNA by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and droplet digital PCR. Results LINC00473 showed transcriptionally silencing due to promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Methylation of the LINC00473 promoter accurately detected primary colorectal tumors in two independent clinical cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.94 and 0.89. This biomarker also identified advanced colorectal polyps from two other tissue-based clinical cohorts with high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs of 0.99 and 0.78). Finally, methylation analysis of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA accurately identified patients with colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps (AUCs of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively), which was confirmed in an independent cohort of patients. Conclusions Hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter is a new promising biomarker for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer and related precancerous lesions

XVI Congreso Galego de Estatística e Investigación de Operacións ; I Xornadas Innovación Docente na Estatística e Investigación de Operacións : libro de actas

O presente libro de actas recolle o resumo das catro conferencias plenarias e os 56 traballos presentados: 41 comunicacións orais, das que 9 son traballos que optan ao premio a investigadores novos e 3 son traballos presentados na sesión de biometría que organizan conxuntamente a SGAPEIO e a Sociedade Portuguesa de Estatística (SPE); 11 pósteres e 4 comunicacións orais nas xornadas de innovación docente

Management of acute diverticulitis with pericolic free gas (ADIFAS). an international multicenter observational study

Background: There are no specific recommendations regarding the optimal management of this group of patients. The World Society of Emergency Surgery suggested a nonoperative strategy with antibiotic therapy, but this was a weak recommendation. This study aims to identify the optimal management of patients with acute diverticulitis (AD) presenting with pericolic free air with or without pericolic fluid. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, international study of patients diagnosed with AD and pericolic-free air with or without pericolic free fluid at a computed tomography (CT) scan between May 2020 and June 2021 was included. Patients were excluded if they had intra-abdominal distant free air, an abscess, generalized peritonitis, or less than a 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was the rate of failure of nonoperative management within the index admission. Secondary outcomes included the rate of failure of nonoperative management within the first year and risk factors for failure. Results: A total of 810 patients were recruited across 69 European and South American centers; 744 patients (92%) were treated nonoperatively, and 66 (8%) underwent immediate surgery. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Hinchey II-IV on diagnostic imaging was the only independent risk factor for surgical intervention during index admission (odds ratios: 12.5, 95% CI: 2.4-64, P =0.003). Among patients treated nonoperatively, at index admission, 697 (94%) patients were discharged without any complications, 35 (4.7%) required emergency surgery, and 12 (1.6%) percutaneous drainage. Free pericolic fluid on CT scan was associated with a higher risk of failure of nonoperative management (odds ratios: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2-19.9, P =0.023), with 88% of success compared to 96% without free fluid ( P <0.001). The rate of treatment failure with nonoperative management during the first year of follow-up was 16.5%. Conclusion: Patients with AD presenting with pericolic free gas can be successfully managed nonoperatively in the vast majority of cases. Patients with both free pericolic gas and free pericolic fluid on a CT scan are at a higher risk of failing nonoperative management and require closer observation

Estructuras de parentesco de la nobleza gallega en 1350-1600: una primera valoración

The study of the Galician nobility's relationship structures between 1350 and 1600 is a subject, which has not often been discussed within the Galician historiographic ambit although it has been partially tackled in some researches about the noble class. However, those structures played an important part in the nobility's biological and social reproduction. What we try along this paper is to prepare a first approach to its study, resting on the genealogical reconstructions of three outstanding Galician noble houses in the late Middle Ages: Lemos, Ribadavia and Montaos. We assess the demographic keys that determine and interact in the generation replacement (mean of descendants, family composition, rate of infant mortality...). Then we revise the social reproduction pattern of this elitist group, a model closely connected with the primogeniture, and the part played by every family member in order that the household could achieve its desired perpetuation.El estudio de las estructuras de parentesco de la nobleza gallega entre 1350 y 1600 es una temática que, si bien ha sido abordada parcialmente en algunas de las diversas investigaciones que han tenido como objetivo principal el análisis del estamento nobiliario desde una perspectiva más amplia, no ha suscitado todavía, en el ámbito historiográfico gallego, un interés equiparable al importante papel que desempeñaron en la reproducción, tanto biológica como social, de este estamento. A lo largo del presente artículo pretendemos elaborar una primera aproximación a su estudio, basándonos para ello en las reconstrucciones genealógicas de tres destacadas casas gallegas bajomedievales: Lemos, Ribadavia y Montaos. Valoraremos, así, las claves demográficas que condicionan e interactúan en el reemplazo generacional (número medio de hijos, composición de la prole, mortalidad infantil, capacidad reproductora de las mujeres que accedieron a la jefatura...) para, a continuación, repasar el modelo de reproducción social imperante en este grupo elitista, íntimamente relacionado con el mayorazgo, y el papel que desempeñço cada uno de los miembros que componen la prole para que la casa pudiese alcanzar el deseado objetivo de la perpetuación

Revista iberoamericana de educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésNúmero especial que acompaña al monográfico "Formación de directivos escolares en el contexto iberoamericano (I)"Calibrar un conjunto de ítems mediante el juicio de expertos es un proceso que consiste en establecer en una métrica común la dificultad de cada ítem partiendo de una muestra de datos que ha sido recogida previamente a individuos especialistas en el tema sobre el que versan los ítems y que contiene estimaciones sobre el nivel de dificultad de cada uno de ellos. Este proceso de calibración no es una tarea simple, implica repartir el conjunto de ítems en distintos tipos de cuestionarios a distribuir entre los expertos y es conveniente comprobar que el valor estimado de la dificultad se hace sobre ítems no anómalos y se basa en las aportaciones de expertos fiables. Este artículo se centra en la construcción y calibración del banco de ítems a partir del juicio de expertos de una manera electrónica y describe un procedimiento para este tipo de calibración utilizando una plataforma educativa web: Moodle.ES

Validity of Functional Ambulation Performance Score for the Evaluation of Spatiotemporal Parameters of Children's Gait

International audienceGait characteristics of a healthy adult population have been used to develop the Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP) score to evaluate gait in patients with neuromuscular or musculoskeletal involvement (A. J. Nelson, 1974). Further technological progress allowed a more precise recording of walk parameters and propitiated the development of the Functional Ambulation Performance Score (FAPS). The authors aimed to explore the evolution of the FAPS in healthy children to determine what the lower limit of age would be to ensure reliability of this score. Participants were 32 children with normal development. A GAITRite® walkway was used to log the spatiotemporal parameters. Compared with values obtained in adults, the average FAPS was significantly lower for children under 12 years old. The interparticipant variability was particularly high for the younger children and decreased with age. Similar trends were observed regarding the intraparticipant variability. In conclusion, the authors observed that the FAPS is not suitable to compare the gait of different children younger than 12 years old. At least, the adult standards used to calculate FAPS would need to be modified if the score has to be applied to a pediatric population

The Etiology of Neuromuscular Hip Dysplasia and Implications for Management: A Narrative Review

This study summarizes the current knowledge of the etiology of hip dysplasia in children with neuromuscular disease and the implications for management. This article is based on a review of development of the hip joint from embryology through childhood growth. This knowledge is then applied to selective case reviews to show how the understanding of these developmental principles can be used to plan specific treatments. The development of the hip joint is controlled by genetic shape determination, but the final adult shape is heavily dependent on the mechanical environment experienced by the hip joint during growth and development. Children with neuromuscular conditions show a high incidence of coxa valga, hip dysplasia, and subluxation. The etiology of hip pathology is influenced by factors including functional status, muscular tone, motor control, child’s age, and muscle strength. These factors in combination influence the development of high neck–shaft angle and acetabular dysplasia in many children. The hip joint reaction force (HJRF) direction and magnitude determine the location of the femoral head in the acetabulum, the acetabular development, and the shape of the femoral neck. The full range of motion is required to develop a round femoral head. Persistent abnormal direction and/or magnitude of HJRF related to the muscular tone can lead to a deformed femoral head and a dysplastic acetabulum. Predominating thigh position is the primary cause defining the direction of the HJRF, leading to subluxation in nonambulatory children. The magnitude and direction of the HJRF determine the acetabular shape. The age of the child when these pathomechanics occur acts as a factor increasing the risk of hip subluxation. Understanding the risk factors leading to hip pathology can help to define principles for the management of neurologic hip impairment. The type of neurologic impairment as defined by functional severity assessed by Gross Motor Function Classification System and muscle tone can help to predict the risk of hip joint deformity. A good understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms can be valuable for treatment planning

The Gait Variability Index: A new way to quantify fluctuation magnitude of spatiotemporal parameters during gait

International audienceThis article describes a conglomerate measure of gait variability based on nine spatiotemporal parameters: the Gait Variability Index (GVI). Concurrent validity, inter-session reliability and minimum detectable change (MDC) were evaluated in 31 patients with Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), through comparisons with classically used evaluation tools such as the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). GVI scores for the healthy population were 100.3±8.6 and were significantly reduced in FRDA patients (70.4±7.9). The GVI was correlated with the global ICARS score and was sensitive enough to differentiate between groups of FRDA patients categorized by the Posture and Gait Disturbances sub-score. The GVI was found to have a high inter-session reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91. A MDC of 8.6 points was found necessary to ensure that a change in GVI reflects a true change rather than measurement error. The GVI provides a quantitative measure of variability which behaves well statistically in both HP and patients with FRDA. It can be easily implemented using the supplemental data provided with this article. Complementary work is necessary to strengthen the GVI validation

Azterketa informatizatu eraginkor baten bila

Tests are a common method for assessing knowledge. In their classic version, they consist of fixed questions created according to the experience of the test developer. In computer adaptive tests (CAT) each person will have different items depending on her/his previous answers. To achieve this behavior, each item has to be calibrated. That is, certain characteristics have to be estimated using specific processes. This paper shows how to create a CAT and the necessary steps for calibrating the items.; Gaur egun testak ohikoak dira, ezagutza ebaluatzeko garaian. Gehienetan, ebaluatzailearen esperientzian eta eskarmentuan oinarrituta hartzen dira azterketarako galdera edo itemak. Test Egokigarri Informatizatu (TEI) batean pertsona bakoitzak item ezberdinak ditu, aurreko erantzunen arabera. Hori lortu ahal izateko, item bakoitza kalibratu egin behar da, hau da, item bakoitzari balio batzuk eman behar zaizkio, prozesu jakin, zehatz bati jarraituz. Artikulu honetan azaltzen da zer egin behar den TEI bat osatzeko eta itemak kalibratzeko