Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton and zooplankton in deep prairie lakes

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03680770.1987.1189793

The effect of oxygen depletion on the timing and magnitude of blue-green algal blooms

"A. M. Trimbee was supported while doing this work by a grant from Alberta Environment Research Trust and the work was supported by an operating grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and a contract from the Research Management Division of Alberta Environment to E. E. Prepas."https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03680770.1987.1189792

Cladoceran birth and death rates estimates

I. Birth and death rates of natural cladoceran populations cannot be measured directly. Estimates of these population parameters must be calculated using methods that make assumptions about the form of population growth. These methods generally assume that the population has a stable age distribution. 2. To assess the effect of variable age distributions, we tested six egg ratio methods for estimating birth and death rates with data from thirty-seven laboratory populations of Daphnia pulicaria. The populations were grown under constant conditions, but the initial age distributions and egg ratios of the populations varied. Actual death rates were virtually zero, so the difference between the estimated and actual death rates measured the error in both birth and death rate estimates. 3. The results demonstrate that unstable population structures may produce large errors in the birth and death rates estimated by any of these methods. Among the methods tested, Taylor and Slatkin's formula and Paloheimo's formula were most reliable for the experimental data. 4. Further analyses of three of the methods were made using computer simulations of growth of age-structured populations with initially unstable age distributions. These analyses show that the time interval between sampling strongly influences the reliability of birth and death rate estimates. At a sampling interval of 2.5 days (equal to the duration of the egg stage), Paloheimo's formula was most accurate. At longer intervals (7.5–10 days), Taylor and Slatkin's formula which includes information on population structure was most accurate

Functional Effects of Parasites on Food Web Properties during the Spring Diatom Bloom in Lake Pavin: A Linear Inverse Modeling Analysis

This study is the first assessment of the quantitative impact of parasitic chytrids on a planktonic food web. We used a carbon-based food web model of Lake Pavin (Massif Central, France) to investigate the effects of chytrids during the spring diatom bloom by developing models with and without chytrids. Linear inverse modelling procedures were employed to estimate undetermined flows in the lake. The Monte Carlo Markov chain linear inverse modelling procedure provided estimates of the ranges of model-derived fluxes. Model results support recent theories on the probable impact of parasites on food web function. In the lake, during spring, when ‘inedible’ algae (unexploited by planktonic herbivores) were the dominant primary producers, the epidemic growth of chytrids significantly reduced the sedimentation loss of algal carbon to the detritus pool through the production of grazer-exploitable zoospores. We also review some theories about the potential influence of parasites on ecological network properties and argue that parasitism contributes to longer carbon path lengths, higher levels of activity and specialization, and lower recycling. Considering the “structural asymmetry” hypothesis as a stabilizing pattern, chytrids should contribute to the stability of aquatic food webs

Guiding principles for the development and application of solid-phase phosphorus adsorbents for freshwater ecosystems

While a diverse array of phosphorus (P)-adsorbent materials is currently available for application to freshwater aquatic systems, selection of the most appropriate P-adsorbents remains problematic. In particular, there has to be a close correspondence between attributes of the P-adsorbent, its field performance, and the management goals for treatment. These management goals may vary from a rapid reduction in dissolved P to address seasonal enrichments from internal loading, targeting external fluxes due to anthropogenic sources, or long term inactivation of internal P inventories contained within bottom sediments. It also remains a challenge to develop new methods and materials that are ecologically benign and cost-effective. We draw on evidence in the literature and the authors’ personal experiences in the field, to summarise the attributes of a range of P-adsorbent materials. We offer 'guiding principles' to support practical use of existing materials and outline key development needs for new materials

Estimating population birth rates of zooplankton when rates of egg deposition and hatching are periodic

I present a general method of computing finite birth and death rates of natural zooplankton populations from changes in the age distribution of eggs and changes in population size. The method is applicable to cases in which eggs hatch periodically owing to variable rates of oviposition. When morphological criteria are used to determine the age distribution of eggs at the beginning and end of a sampling interval, egg mortality can be incorporated in estimates of population birth rate. I raised laboratory populations of Asplanchna priodonta , a common planktonic rotifer, in semicontinuous culture to evaluate my method of computing finite birth rate. The Asplanchna population became synchronized to a daily addition of food but grew by the same amount each day once steady state was achieved. The steady-state rate of growth, which can be computed from the volume-specific dilution rate of the culture, was consistent with the finite birth rate predicted from the population's egg ratio and egg age distribution.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47764/1/442_2004_Article_BF00410359.pd

Can Relationships Between Ground-Layer Plant Cover and Biomass be Used to Follow Succession in Boreal Riparian Forests?

The Forest Watershed and Riparian Disturbance (FORWARD) project examines the movement of water and nutrients from Canadian boreal forests before and 5 years after harvest. Plant biomass is the ideal metric for abundance, as it approximates productivity and is the basis to which other resources (e.g., nutrients) are related. However, these data are difficult and destructive to collect and therefore are not suitable for investigations of vegetation change over time. Plant cover data are easier and non-destructive to collect, but may not be proportional to the resources used by individual plants. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop allometric equations using vegetation cover for rapid and non-destructive estimates of biomass and (2) use these equations to approximate ground-layer biomass change over time, following harvest. We collected cover data from ground-layer riparian plant communities in permanent plots at buffered, cut-to-shore and control sites before and five years after harvest treatment. In addition, similar plots were established for destructive sampling of the ground-layer vegetation so that estimates of cover preceding the harvest of aboveground plant parts could be modelled according to dry weight of functional groups (i.e. dwarf shrubs, bryophytes, graminoids, ferns and forbs). Linear relationships were identified (P \u3c0.001), with slope factors depending on functional group and consequently applied to pre- and post-harvest vegetation cover data. Relative to the pre-harvest condition, no differences were detected in the control and buffer treatment in all growth forms five years after harvest. However, on average, graminoids increased by 27 g/m2 and bryophytes decreased by 73 g/m2 in the cut-to-shore treatment. Results suggest that estimating biomass, rapidly and non-destructively, from allometric equations allows for an important characteristic in boreal riparian vegetation community structure to be followed during succession

Réponses du zooplancton lacustre aux feux et aux coupes de forêt dans l'écozone boréale du Québec : étude préliminaire

Les changements du zooplancton lacustre à la suite des feux et des coupes à blanc dans la forêt boréale ont été évalués en 1996 en comparant trois groupes de lacs du Québec méridional : 20 lacs de référence aux bassins versants non perturbés, 9 lacs ayant subi en 1995 des feux de forêt sur la majorité de leur bassin versant et 9 lacs ayant eu en 1995 une coupe à blanc sur une partie de leur bassin versant. Les communautés zooplanctoniques ont été caractérisées par différentes variables : 1) la composition, la richesse spécifique et la densité du zooplancton, 2) la masse organique du limnoplancton (seston > 53 µm) et 3) le biovolume du méso- et macrozooplancton (> 250 µm). La richesse spécifique et les assemblages d'espèces en juillet 1996 ne différaient pas entre les groupes de lacs ; la variation inter-réplicats dans les assemblages d'espèces de chaque lac était très faible en comparaison de la variation inter-lacs. Par contre, la densité du zooplancton et la masse organique du limnoplancton étaient en moyenne significativement plus élevées dans les lacs de feux que dans les lacs de coupes et les lacs de référence. Le biovolume du méso et macrozooplancton suivait les mêmes tendances. L'effet des traitements (groupes de lacs : référence, feu, coupe) expliquait moins de 15 % de la variance totale de la masse organique du limnoplancton et du biovolume du méso et macrozooplancton tandis que les différences inter-lacs expliquaient la majorité (> 70 %) de la variance totale dans ces indicateurs. Les 15 % de variance résiduelle étaient attribuables à la variation inter-réplicats dans chaque lac. Notre étude préliminaire indique que les feux de forêts provoquent une poussée trophique du zooplancton et du limnoplancton mais n'ont pas d'effet sur la biodiversité et les assemblages d'espèces de zooplancton. Par contre, les coupes de forêt n'accroissent pas la biomasse du zooplancton en dépit d'une légère augmentation des nutriments, car les apports plus importants en carbone organique dissous après la coupe limitent la production biologique. Les changements limnologiques d'un lac à l'autre ont beaucoup plus d'importance que les feux et les coupes de forêts dans le contrôle environnemental du zooplancton des lacs de la forêt boréale