The Efficacy of Methanol Extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) to Improve Rumen Fermentation Products

Abstract.  This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the increase levels of garlic extract (Allium sativum, As) in beef cattle feed on rumen fermentation products and microbial populations. The materials used  were rumen fluid and control feed (40 % fermented rice straw:60% concentrate). The research method was experimental using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) applying 7 treatments which were repeated 3 times. The tested feed treatments were S0 (control feed), S1 (S0 + 1.5 ppm of Cr, S2 (S0 + 250 ppm of As extract), S3 (S1 + 250 ppm of As extract), S4 (S1 + 500 ppm of As extract), S5 (S1 +  750 ppm of As extract) and, S6 (S1  + 1000 ppm of As extract). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Honestly Significant Difference test. The results showed that the treatment effects on total bacteria, protozoa population, total gas and methane were highly significant but had no effect on dry matter digestibilityDMD and organic matter digestibility OMD and production of VFA. The treatments increased total bacteria but decreased total gas and methane. The best result was achieved on treatment S6 (supplementation of As at the level of 1000 ppm in the feed) of which the feed with adequate Cr will result in the most efficient of fermentation.Keywords: Extract of Allium sativum, organic Cr, microbial population, rumen fermentation, beef cattleAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dan level penambahan ekstrak  bawang putih (Allium sativum, As) dalam pakan  sapi potong terhadap  produk fermentasi dan populasi mikroba rumen. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah cairan rumen sapi potong dan pakan kontrol (jerami fermentasi :  konsentrat; 40:60%). Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 7 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Pakan perlakuan yang diujicobakan pada sapi potong yaitu S0: pakan kontrol, S1: S0 + 1,5 ppm Cr, S2: S0 + 250 ppm ekstrak As, S3: S1 + 250 ppm ekstrak As, S4: S1 + 500 ppm ekstrak As, S5: S1 + 750 ppm ekstrak As, S6: S1 + 1000 ppm ekstrak As. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Jujur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  perlakuan  berpengaruh terhadap total bakteri, populasi protozoa,  gas total dan metan tetapi  tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta produksi VFA.  Perlakuan mampu meningkatkan total bakteri serta menurunkan gas total dan metan. Hasil terbaik, pada pakan perlakuan S6 yaitu suplementasi ekstrak As pada taraf 1000 ppm pada pakan yang tercukupi Cr organik menghasilkan efisiensi fermentasi yang paling baik.Kata kunci : Ekstrak Allium sativum, mineral mikro organik, populasi mikroba,  fermentasi rumen,  sapi potongCH Prayitno and N Hidyat/Animal Production 15(1):69-75, January 2013

PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI Heit-CHrose MELALUI BERBAGAI SISTEM PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN PAKAN SAPI PERAH AWAL LAKTASI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien pakan pada sapi perah yang mendapatkan pakan dengan suplementasi mineral organik (Cr organik 1,5 ppm; Se organik 0,3 ppm; Zn-Lyzinat 40ppm) dan Heit-CHrose (suplemen yang mengandung saponin, allisin dan mineral Cr, Se, dan Zn). Penelitian menggunakan 16 ekor sapi perah laktasi ketiga dengan rataan bobot badan 638±72 kg yang dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan, yaitu R0 adalah pakan kontrol, R1 adalah R0 disuplementasi mineral organik, R2 adalah R1 ditambah Heit-CHrosediberikan secara konvensional, dan R3 adalah R2 yang diberikan secara total mix ration (TMR). Data diuji menggunakan analisis variansi dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap menggunakan 4 ulangan. Apabila terdapat perbedaan maka diuji menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi mineral organik dan Heit-CHrose pada pakan sapi perah tidak  memberikan pengaruh terhadap konsumsi bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), total digestible nutrien (TDN), kecernaan BK (KcBK), kecernaan BO (KcBO) dan kecernaan serat kasar (KcSK), tetapi berpengaruh (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan energi. Kesimpulannya suplementasi Heit-CHrose pada pakan sapi perah mampu meningkatkan kecernaan energi dibandingkan pakan kontrol, serta tidak berdampak negatif terhadap konsumsi pakan dan kecernaan nutriennya.(Kata kunci: Sapi perah, Heit-CHrose, Konsumsi pakan, Kecernaan nutrien

PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI Heit-CHrose MELALUI BERBAGAI SISTEM PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN PAKAN SAPI PERAH AWAL LAKTASI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien pakan pada sapi perah yang mendapatkan pakan dengan suplementasi mineral organik (Cr organik 1,5 ppm; Se organik 0,3 ppm; Zn-Lyzinat 40ppm) dan Heit-CHrose (suplemen yang mengandung saponin, allisin dan mineral Cr, Se, dan Zn). Penelitian menggunakan 16 ekor sapi perah laktasi ketiga dengan rataan bobot badan 638±72 kg yang dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan, yaitu R0 adalah pakan kontrol, R1 adalah R0 disuplementasi mineral organik, R2 adalah R1 ditambah Heit-CHrose diberikan secara konvensional, dan R3 adalah R2 yang diberikan secara total mix ration (TMR). Data diuji menggunakan analisis variansi dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap menggunakan 4 ulangan. Apabila terdapat perbedaan maka diuji menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi mineral organik dan Heit-CHrose pada pakan sapi perah tidak  memberikan pengaruh terhadap konsumsi bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), total digestible nutrien (TDN), kecernaan BK (KcBK), kecernaan BO (KcBO) dan kecernaan serat kasar (KcSK), tetapi berpengaruh (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan energi. Kesimpulannya suplementasi Heit-CHrose pada pakan sapi perah mampu meningkatkan kecernaan energi dibandingkan pakan kontrol, serta tidak berdampak negatif terhadap konsumsi pakan dan kecernaan nutriennya. (Kata kunci: Sapi perah, Heit-CHrose, Konsumsi pakan, Kecernaan nutrien

Suplementasi Heit-Chrose pada Pakan Sapi Perah Pre-Partum Ditinjau dari Profil Darah dan Recovery Bobot Tubuh Post-Partum

(Pre-partum supplementation of heit-chrose on post-partum blood profile and recovery of body weight of dairy cows)ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the profile of blood, metabolic enzymes and recovery of body weight in dairy cows fed diet supplemented with Heit-CHrose (Feed supplement containing saponins, allicin, organic mineral: Se, Cr, and Zn). The experiments were conducted with 4 treatments, R0 : control diet (CP 13,79% and TDN 67,2%), R1 : R0 supplemented with organic minerals (Cr 1,5 ppm; Se 0,3 ppm; Zn-Lyzinat 40 ppm), R2 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in the component feeding, and R3 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in total mixed ration (TMR). Data were tested using analysis of variance with a completely randomized design using four replications, and HSD test. The results showed that the supplementation of Heit-CHrose to the diet of dairy cows gave significant effect (P 0.01) on blood glucose and recovery of body weight, but had no effect (P 0.05) on hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and blood cholesterol and metabolic enzyme (alkali phospatase). Supplementation of Heit Chrose in dairy cows diet with component feeding and TMR increases blood glucose and recovery of body weight

Rumination Time and Frequency of Goat Supplemented with Garlic Powder and Organic Chromium

This research investigated the effect of supplementing garlic powder and organic micromineral Cr in feed on rumination time and frequency in Ettawah goat (PE). The research was conducted in Gunung Tugel Farm in Patikraja and the Laboratory of Feed Technology in Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Central Java. This study used 18 male PE aged 1-1.5 years and weighed 18.62 – 22.69 kg. The feed consisted of 60% concentrate and 40% forage (field grass). Other materials included drinking water, 250 ppm garlic powder (Allium sativum), 1.5 ppm organic chromium mineral and eight CCTV camera. The observed parameters were rumination time and frequency. An in vivo experiment in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) administered three treatments and six replicates, namely R0: control (basal feed); R1: basal feed + 250 ppm garlic powder; and R2: basal feed + 250 ppm garlic powder + 1.5 ppm organic Cr. The result demonstrated a significantly different effect of garlic powder and organic Cr micromineral supplement on rumination time across treatments, i.e. 404 ± 19.6; 382 ± 19.04 and 351 ± 13.87 min/day, respectively, or 379 min/day on average. Rumination frequency was not significantly different across R0, R1, and R2 namely 360 ± 24.03; 359 ± 30.13 and 342 ± 21.10 times/day, respectively. Conclusively, garlic powder and organic Cr micromineral significantly affected rumination time, but not significantly affected rumination frequency of PE goat

Physical Characteristics of Pressed Complete Feed for Dairy Cattle

The study was aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics of the pressed complete feed in the forms of cube, cylinder and ball. The study was conducted to get a complete feed of dairy cows that can be developed commercially. The evaluation was done on a physical test : bulkiness, hardness and hygroscopic properties of pressed complete feeds. The results of this research showed that the bulkiness of pressed complete feed in the forms cubes, cylinders and balls were between 0.20 up to 0.48 liter/kg; the hardness of pressed complete feed, cylinders and balls were 3 lbs up to 14 lbs; the hygroscopic factor of pressed complete feed in the forms cubes, cylinders and balls were around 1.10% up to 9.69%. The pressed complete feed in the forms of cube and cylinder are better than the form of ball in physical characteristics

The Diversity and Productivity of Indigenous Forage in Former Limestone Mining Quarry in Karst Mountain of Southern Gombong, Central Java Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of limestone mountains, covering 15.4 million hectares. Limestone mountains have strategic functions as limestone is used as building materials and as raw material in cement industry. Therefore, limestone mining quarry in various areas of limestone mountains in Indonesia is increasingly widespread. The biggest negative impact of limestone mining is the formed open land which is abandoned and unutilized. Changes in the ecosystem will lead to the reduced levels of diversity and productivity of indigenous forage which will ultimately reduce the performance and development of ruminants livestock kept by farmers in the mountainous region of limestone. This study aims to determine the diversity and productivity of indigenous forage on former limestone mining quarry in limestone mountains of southern Gombong. The research was conducted through survey by identifying and measuring the forage production of sample plots assigned purposively. Location of the study was divided into three categories, mild, moderate and heavy mining. Results showed that soil fertility levels in open fields of former limestone mining in southern Gombong mountains are low with total N content of 0.049 - 0.141%, total P2O5 of 0.067 - 0.133% and total K2O of 0.086 - 0.100%. The diversity of indigenous forage on mild mining was more diverse than that of moderate and heavy mining, i.e. 13 species comprising 7 grass species, 2 legumes species, and 4 species of shrubs. The most dominant species in all mining categories are Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Ageratum conyzoides and Mikania micrantha. The results also showed that in the open land of mild mining had the highest production of fresh and dry matter compared to that of moderate and severe minin

The Cellulolytic Activity And Volatile Fatty Acid Product Of Rumen Bacteria Of Buffalo And Cattle On Rice Straw, Elephant Grass, and Sesbania Leaves Substrates

Experiment on The Cellulolytic Activity and Volatile Fatty Acid Product of Rumen Bacteria of Buffalo and Cattle on Rice Straw, Elephant Grass, and Sesbania Leaves Substrates had been conducted at Feedstuff Laboratory of Animal Science Soedirman University. The basic design that was used in this experiment was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern of 6 x 3, three replications. The bacteria isolate as the factors were cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo (A1, A2, and A3) and cattle (A4, A5 and A6) while the substrates (second factor) were NDF rice straw (S1), elephant grass (S2), and sesbania leaves (S3) Cell walls. The result of this experiment showed that the interaction between bacteria isolate and substrate type were significant on pH, NDF digestibility, cellulase activity, pH was 6.28 until 6.43. The NDF digestibility range was 12.27 until 55.61 percent. The lowers of cellulase activity was 5.11 IU/ml and the higher was 24.47 IU/ml. The range of acetic acid yield was 63.37 to 307.467 mg/100 ml. Range of propionic production was 15.17 to 352.20 mg/ 100 ml. The production of butiric acid was 8.77 to 40.87 mg/ 100 ml. The cellulase activity of cellulolytic rumen bacteria of buffalo was higher than cattle, and also their effect on NDF digestibility of rice straw, elephant grass, and sesbania leaves cell walls. The A3 of cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo changed cell walls substrat to volatile fatty acid was more effective than cattle, especially on cell elephant grass. Propionic and butiric acid that was produced by cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo more higher than cattle (Animal Production 1 (1) : 1-9 (1999)Key Words: Cellulolytic, VFA, Rumen Bacteria, Buffalo, Cattle

The effects of mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) flour dietary supplementation on the growth performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat content in Cihateup ducks

Background: Bioactive compounds in mangosteen peel and turmeric have been shown to possess antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of mangosteen peel flour (MF) and turmeric flour (TF) dietary supplementation on the performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat content of Cihateup ducks. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 56 days (8 weeks) using 84-day-old male Cihateup ducks that were allocated into seven treatments with three replications and each containing four ducks as subreplicates. The seven groups were positive control, containing 100% of basal ration/BR + 50 ppm bacitracin (R0), BR + 2% MF (R1), BR + 1.5% MF + 0.5% TF (R2), BR + 1% MF + 1% TF (R3), BR + 0.5% MF + 1.5% TF (R4), BR + 2% TF (R5), and BR only as negative control (R6). The data of each variable were analyzed using a completely randomized design (one way). Significant differences (p<0.05) were determined with Duncan test. Results: The results indicated that the addition of MF and TF significantly affected (p0.05) in feed intake and feed conversion of Cihateup ducks were observed. Conclusion: The combination of MF and TF at a balanced ratio (R3) can be used as an alternative feed additive to improve performance, lipid profile, and abdominal fat of Cihateup ducks