A Study of Alienation of Migrants in the Select Novels of V. S. Naipaul

V. S. Naipaul's fiction as well as non-fiction demonstrates the autobiographical materials plus these overlapping statements work to present a vivid bank account of this author's own enigma of survival and growth together with the affliction as well as condition of the expatriates within the colonial as well as post-colonial era. V. S. Naipaul is the ideal writer who is searching for the origins of his and also surveying India through the distinctive viewpoint of under an outsider, a cosmopolitan Caribbean brand new resident of England, but of Indian beginnings attempting to comprehend out the complexities on the culture of ours. This research considers displacement in Naipaul's The Mimic Men, A House of Mr Biswas, The Mystic Masseur and A Bend in the River as a traumatic experience. This paper analyses all of the pain and sufferings of migrants in four novels. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of the study, it explores the psychological and historical dimensions of the displacement in the novel, along with its literary representations in terms of identity, culture, survival and stress disorder. In order to complete the theme of present research paper effectively, the main aim is usually to go over the benefits of Diasporic sensibility of Naipaul that cannot be just overlooked in the life of his

Gandhian Philosophy and Modern Youth: A Study

Every young person should practice the vision of Gandhi's activity in his public life. Youth are bonded with various types of issues; Political, economic, social, social and religious. Gandhi's teachings are relevant to the modern youth: They understand the feeling and sympathy of the right kind, love, cooperation, justice, equality, patriotism, non-violence, peace, excellence and finally, the all-powerful weapon of truth. For the youth and as a means of social change they are called. He believed that only spiritual and moral values ​​can change social life. He wanted that modern youth and students become the means of creating idealistic ideas. He encouraged young minds about self-sufficiency as an important requirement for success. He was open-minded and wanted all the young people to be the same way for me. He insisted on being tolerant towards all religions, which is an important message for today's generation to make a better future

Effects of different fertilizers on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in summer season in Chitwan, Nepal

An experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University to demonstrate the effects of different fertilizers on the yield and yield parameters of okra (var. Arka Anamika). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of seven treatments and three replications. The various treatments used in the experiment were goat manure, sesame cake, mustard cake, synthetic fertilizer (NPK), poultry manure, vermicompost and untreated control. The required dose of nitrogen was fulfilled by the fertilizer itself whereas insufficient amount of phosphorous and potassium was fulfilled by addition of single super phosphate and muriate of potash respectively. The fertilizers were applied on the basis of recommendation given by the Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC). The effect of poultry manure on number of open flowers and number of fruits at 40 DAS was found superior. The effect of poultry manure on plant height, number of leaves, plant diameter was found superior at 50 DAS. Goat manure produced the superior result on number of open flowers at 50 DAS. Poultry manure on the number of leaves and plant height produced the significant result at 60 DAS. Synthetic fertilizer responded well to number of fruits at 60 DAS. Sesame cake produced the superior results at 70 DAS on number of buds. Poultry manure responded well to all the parameters and produced the yield of 200 qt./ha with the BC ratio of 1.77. This experiment suggests the farmers to use the poultry manure to get the highest economic return. Vermicompost and mustard cake producing the superior and significant yield in this research are not recommended as they have low BC ratio unless effective measures are encouraged to reduce the cost of this fertilizers

Measurements of permeability of saturated and unsaturated soils

The management and engineering assessments of geotechnical assets within the national transportation inventory require an appropriate knowledge of permeability of saturated and unsaturated soils. Determination of the permeability of saturated soils can be carried out using direct measurements, whereas that of unsaturated soils is often made using indirect methods based on the soil water retention curve. In this study an attempt was made to develop a novel approach for measuring the saturated and unsaturated permeability of soils. The tests were conducted on 100 mm dia. reconstituted and compacted samples of glacial till. Suctions were generated by circulating low-humidity air through a slender sand column located at the centre of the samples. Measurements of suction were made by two tensiometers located radially at the base of the samples. The drying process was terminated when the observed suctions reached or approached the limiting capacity of the tensiometers (1500 kPa). Combinations of suction measurements and volumetric strains during the drying process were used to determine the permeability by adopting analytical solutions as applicable to a radial flow condition

Electrocardiogram abnormalities and renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a healthcare facilities-based cross-sectional study in Dang district of Nepal

Aims/Introduction: The global burden of diabetes mellitus is rising substantially, with a further increase in cardiovascular and kidney disease burden. These public health problems are highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. However, there is limited evidence on cardiac and renal conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We determined the status of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and renal impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepal. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City of Nepal using a multistage stratified sampling technique to recruit patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We used World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance (WHO STEPS) questionnaires and carried out resting ECG to collect data of 345 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis assessed the factors associated with ECG abnormalities and renal impairment. Results: The study showed that 6.1% of participants had major ECG abnormalities (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–8.6%), which were associated with hypertension (P = 0.01%) and low socioeconomic status (P = 0.01). The proportion of major and/or minor ECG abnormalities was 47.8% (95% CI 40.5–51%), and were significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07), higher education (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.31–9.33), unemployment (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.08–8.48), body mass index (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17) and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus >5 years (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.19–4.93). The proportion of renal impairment was 3.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.5%) which was associated with older age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17) and hypertension (OR 12.12, 95% CI 1.07–138.22). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had ECG abnormalities and renal impairment, which were significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, hypertension management and early screening are essential to prevent future cardiorenal complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Implicaciones de la nutrición del calcio en la respuesta de Butea monosperma (Fabaceae) a la salinidad del suelo.

Effects of Ca2+ level on the response of germination and seedling growth of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Fabaceae) to NaCl salinity in soil were investigated. Salinity significantly retarded the seed germination and seedling growth, but the injurious effects of NaCl on seed germination were ameliorated and seedling growth was restored with calcium supply at the critical level (1:0.50 Na/Ca ratio) to salinised soil. Calcium supply above the critical level further retarded the seed germination and seedling growth due to the increased soil salinity. Salt stress reduced N, P, K and Ca content in plant tissues, but these nutrients were restored by addition of Ca2+ at the critical level to saline soil. The opposite was true for Na+. The results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of calcium supply on the seedling growth of B. monosperma grown under saline conditions

Implicaciones de la nutrición del calcio en la respuesta de Butea monosperma (Fabaceae) a la salinidad del suelo

Effects of Ca 2+ level on the response of germination and seedling growth of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Fabaceae) to NaCl salinity in soil were investigated. Salinity significantly retarded the seed germination and seedling growth, but the injurious effects of NaCl on seed germination were ameliorated and seedling growth was restored with calcium supply at the critical level (1:0.50 Na/Ca ratio) to salinised soil. Calcium supply above the critical level further retarded the seed germination and seedling growth due to the increased soil salinity. Salt stress reduced N, P, K and Ca content in plant tissues, but these nutrients were restored by addition of Ca 2+ at the critical level to saline soil. The opposite was true for Na + . The results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of calcium supply on the seedling growth of B. monosperma grown under saline conditions.Se investigaron los efectos de los niveles de Ca 2+ sobre la respuesta de germinación y el crecimiento en los semilleros de Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Fabaceae) a la salinidad del suelo. Aunque la salinidad retrasó significativamente ambos aspectos, los efectos perjudiciales de NaCl sobre la germinación se aliviaron y el crecimeinto de los plantones se restauró al añadir calcio al suelo al nivel crítico (proporción Na/Ca 1:0,50). El suplemento de calcio por encima del nivel crítico retrasó más ambos procesos, debido al incremento de la salinidad. El estrés salino redujo en contenido de N, P, K y Ca en los tejidos de la planta, pero dicho contenido fue recuperado al añadir Ca 2+ hasta el nivel crítico. Al añadir Na + ocurrió lo contrario. Se discuten los resultados respecto a los efectos benéficos del suplemento de calcio sobre el crecimiento de B. monosperma en semilleros bajo condiciones de salinidad

Sample disturbances due to removal of confining pressure in laminated clay

Sample disturbances in laminated soils may be caused by several factors including water movement between the clay and sand layers upon removal of overburden pressures. The research reported in this article examines the impact of this water movement on various geotechnical parameters. Samples of kaolin with laminations were formed and subjected to isotropic consolidation and subsequently sheared under undrained conditions. Further tests were carried out in which the samples were isotropically unloaded after consolidation and isotropically reloaded under undrained conditions and this was then followed by undrained shearing. Tests were also carried out to examine the impact of unloading/reloading on the yield stress and small strain stiffness (Gmax). The results have shown that the isotropic unloading/reloading process under undrained conditions leads to reduction in undrained shear strength, small strain stiffness (Gmax) and yield stresses. Comparative tests carried out on unlaminated samples showed that the unloading/reloading process has a marginal impact on the above mentioned geotechnical properties.Update citation details during checkdate report - A

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

Many available ground improvement techniques are effective, but involve large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Any green ground improvement technique would thus be beneficial. In this work, dry air, supplied at low pressure and relative humidity, was used to remove water from a soft soil deposit. The investigation was carried out at model scale, with a soft soil layer formed in a box of size 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.75 m. The soil bed was fitted with slender granular columns for the injection of dry air. The technique is the reverse process of vacuum consolidation, in which the magnitude of negative pore water pressure that can be applied to the soil is limited and thus requires careful construction procedures. The dry-air approach is simple and does not require any complex construction procedures. The investigations carried out over a limited period showed a significant improvement in the strength of the soil bed, indicating possible full-scale implementation. Full-scale implementation of the technique may not require any new construction methods as the procedure is very similar to that adopted in vacuum consolidation. However, variabilities in ground conditions, including the groundwater table, may pose additional challenges and supplementary information (soil–water characteristic data and numerical modelling) may be necessary to implement this technique at full scale