COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

an ePiDemiological stuDy oFroaDtraFFic acciDent cases attenDing emergency DePartment oF teacHing HosPital

Several studies have shown that road traffic injuries are a major cause of death and disability glob-ally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. The growth in numbers of motor vehicles is a major contributing factor in the rising toll of fatalities and injuries from road traffic crashes in poor countries. In this study, we reviewed medical records of all the victims of road traffic accidents attending the emergency department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital within a year. A total of 757 road traffic victims were reported which accounted for 6.66% of all the cases attending the emergency. 49.93% cases belonged to 21-40 years age group. The most common victim group comprised the pedestrians (56.54%) with motorcycle (55.09%) being the most commonly involved vehicle. 44.65% accidents occurred in evening (12-6 pm). The lower limbs (in 42.0% cases) were the most common body region injured with superficial injuries (bruise/abrasion) accounting for the most common injury pattern followed by soft tissue injuries, incised/lacerated wounds and fractures and dislocations. Most accidents occurred in the April-June trimester. Address for correspondence : Dr. Prasan K Banthia KMC Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: [email protected] Received Date : 17 th Feb, 2005 Accepted Date : 12 th Jun, 2006 Key Words: Road traffic accident (RTA), emergency department, developing countries, Kathmandu

A Location Aware Mobility based Routing Protocol for the Bluetooth Scatternet

[[abstract]]Bluetooth is a most promising technology designed for the wireless personal area networks for the cable replacement. In this paper, a location aware mobility based routing scheme for the Bluetooth scatternet is proposed that constructs the links dynamically. Our proposed routing protocol requires location information of the nodes and constructs the route between any source and destination and reduces the number of hops. Besides, the network routing problems are analyzed and role switch operations are proposed to mitigate the problems. Moreover, the roles switch and route optimization operations are also proposed to improve route performance. Rigorous simulation works are done to evaluate the performance of our protocol in terms of mobility speed and number of mobile nodes and to compare our results with similar Bluetooth routing protocols. It is observed that our protocol outperforms in terms of energy consumption and transmission packet overheads as compared to similar Bluetooth routing protocols.[[incitationindex]]SC