The Impact of Modern Marketing Communication Tools to Increase Market Performance: The case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Addis Ababa

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of modern marketing communication tools on market performance within the context of the Commercial Bank of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study aimed to explore the relationships between these tools and various business outcomes such as increased sales volume, customer awareness, and market share expansion.   Theoretical framework: The study developed a conceptual framework based on an extensive review of existing literature. The theoretical framework provided the foundation for understanding the relationships between modern marketing communication tools, customer satisfaction, and market performance. It incorporated relevant theories and models from the field of marketing and communication.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The research adopted a mixed research design, combining both descriptive and explanatory methods. A quantitative research approach was employed to gather data from a sample of 384 respondents who are customers of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa, specifically focusing on the east district. The data collection methods included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Additionally, secondary data was collected from academic journals, books, and online resources. The researcher utilized a convenience sampling technique for participant selection.   Findings: The study's findings revealed a significantly positive impact of the implementation of modern marketing communication tools on the business. These tools contributed to increased sales volume, heightened customer awareness, and expanded market share within the industry. The research also identified diverse opinions on the role of these tools in enhancing customer satisfaction and their importance in customer retention.   Research, Practical & social implications: The research findings have several implications for research, practice, and society. From a research perspective, the study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the relationship between modern marketing communication tools and market performance. Practically, the findings offer valuable insights for businesses, especially banks, on how to leverage these tools effectively to enhance their sales and customer engagement. Socially, the study highlights the importance of adopting modern marketing communication tools in businesses, potentially leading to economic growth and employment opportunities within the community.   Originality/Value: The originality of this research lies in its focus on the Commercial Bank of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, examining the specific impact of modern marketing communication tools within this context. The study adds value by providing empirical evidence and practical implications for businesses operating in similar environments, offering a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of marketing and communication

Variance components of combining ability for different morpho-physiological traits for heat tolerance in bread wheat

To estimate the level of heat tolerance for different genotypes of bread wheat with respect to morphological characters under studied grains/ spike, grain weight/spike, grain filling duration (duration between the anthesis stage and the physiological maturity), 1000-kernel weight and grain yield/plant for yield. Physiological traits like relative injury (RI %), chlorophyll content, canopy temperature depression (CTD), were used in present investigation to contribute toward capability of plants to tolerate heat stress of the yield contributing traits during heat stress.The findings of present investigation had clearly explained that influences of environments on morpho physiological characters i.e. grain yield per plant (14886.15) and its attributing traits i.e. spike length (459.7), tillers per plant (622.34), spikelets per spike (278.1), 1000 kernel weight (13262.39), grain weight per spike (177.89) and number of grains per spike (2898.44) in wheat were highly significant and positive. Among the parent and their crosses had handsome amount of variations across the environment. The results of interaction for environments with parents, lines, testers and their crosses with respect to morpho physiological characters in wheat was found significant for some characters while variation was absent for other characters studied. Physiological traits like relative injury per cent, chlorophyll content and CTD were vital parameters to quantify the degree of heat stress to develop tolerant genotypes which is urgent and present need under changing climate scenario

Ready for recovery: Hoteliers’ insights into the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian hotel industry

This research studies the hotel manager perspective of COVID-19 (the novel coronavirus) on the Indian hotel industry by qualitatively analysing inputs from the human resources department, general management and top management of five-star hotels across India. In doing so, it advances knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 situation in the domains of human resources (HR), strategy and business operations in the hospitality industry. The study analyses qualitative data collected through online interviews with 17 top-level managers of five-star hotels spread across India. Content analysis is done and the key findings with practical implications have been highlighted. This initial study on the hotel industry in India uncovers how the hoteliers are currently dealing with the pandemic across the country. Findings show that there is a massive negative impact on the Indian hotel industry, in terms of the revenue per available room (RevPAR) and occupancy rates. However, the study also highlights how hoteliers look forward to a phased re-opening of hotels with an increased focus on safety and hygiene after the COVID-19 crisis. The study provides a significant contribution to academic practitioners, hoteliers, and policymakers by examining the future plans in areas of hotels’ HR, strategy and business plans

An Ultra High Bandwidth Microstrip Antenna for Upper L-Band and Lower S-Band Applications

Communication on microwave frequencies have multifold advantages and as far as wireless communication is concerned, it requires an perfectly matching antenna too, for this reason plenty of research work is going ahead in the field of Microstrip antenna at many frequencies now a days. This paper has a wider role and significance in the development of Microstrip antenna because the simulation has been done on a frequency on which many important communication devices are working i.e. 2 GHz. A novel microstrip antenna has been presented in this paper, this antenna achieves bandwidth of 60.80% when simulated on IE3D platform and retains 52.80% of bandwidth when tested using spectrum analyzer. As a matter of fact high bandwidth antennas are always desirable, this novel shape may be helpful for the various applications of higher L and lower S band application

Antihyperlipidemic potential of herbals

One of the most widespread diseases in the world is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). It is also one of the most preventable. This review explores the management of CHD through changes in dietary modifications, lifestyle, and the use of dietary supplements and botanical

Hardness and Approximation of Submodular Minimum Linear Ordering Problems

The minimum linear ordering problem (MLOP) generalizes well-known combinatorial optimization problems such as minimum linear arrangement and minimum sum set cover. MLOP seeks to minimize an aggregated cost $f(\cdot)$ due to an ordering $\sigma$ of the items (say $[n]$), i.e., $\min_{\sigma} \sum_{i\in [n]} f(E_{i,\sigma})$, where $E_{i,\sigma}$ is the set of items mapped by $\sigma$ to indices $[i]$. Despite an extensive literature on MLOP variants and approximations for these, it was unclear whether the graphic matroid MLOP was NP-hard. We settle this question through non-trivial reductions from mininimum latency vertex cover and minimum sum vertex cover problems. We further propose a new combinatorial algorithm for approximating monotone submodular MLOP, using the theory of principal partitions. This is in contrast to the rounding algorithm by Iwata, Tetali, and Tripathi [ITT2012], using Lov\'asz extension of submodular functions. We show a $(2-\frac{1+\ell_{f}}{1+|E|})$-approximation for monotone submodular MLOP where $\ell_{f}=\frac{f(E)}{\max_{x\in E}f(\{x\})}$ satisfies $1 \leq \ell_f \leq |E|$. Our theory provides new approximation bounds for special cases of the problem, in particular a $(2-\frac{1+r(E)}{1+|E|})$-approximation for the matroid MLOP, where $f = r$ is the rank function of a matroid. We further show that minimum latency vertex cover (MLVC) is $\frac{4}{3}$-approximable, by which we also lower bound the integrality gap of its natural LP relaxation, which might be of independent interest

Tomato 26S Proteasome subunit RPT4a regulates ToLCNDV transcription and activates hypersensitive response in tomato

Involvement of 26S proteasomal subunits in plant pathogen-interactions, and the roles of each subunit in independently modulating the activity of many intra- and inter-cellular regulators controlling physiological and defense responses of a plant were well reported. In this regard, we aimed to functionally characterize a Solanum lycopersicum 26S proteasomal subunit RPT4a (SlRPT4) gene, which was differentially expressed after Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) infection in tolerant cultivar H-88-78-1. Molecular analysis revealed that SlRPT4 protein has an active ATPase activity. SlRPT4 could specifically bind to the stem-loop structure of intergenic region (IR), present in both DNA-A and DNA-B molecule of the bipartite viral genome. Lack of secondary structure in replication-associated gene fragment prevented formation of DNA-protein complex suggesting that binding of SlRPT4 with DNA is secondary structure specific. Interestingly, binding of SlRPT4 to IR inhibited the function of RNA Pol-II and subsequently reduced the bi-directional transcription of ToLCNDV genome. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlRPT4 gene incited conversion of tolerant attributes of cultivar H-88-78-1 into susceptibility. Furthermore, transient overexpression of SlRPT4 resulted in activation of programmed cell death and antioxidant enzymes system. Overall, present study highlights non-proteolytic function of SlRPT4 and their participation in defense pathway against virus infection in tomato

Female sexual dysfunction amongst rural postmenopausal woman

Background: Female Sexual dysfunction is a common neglected symptom of postmenopausal women in rural India. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction increases with age and sexual response is dynamic process influenced by socio-cultural, physiological, psychological and socio-economical factors. The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence of female sexual dysfunctions in postmenopausal women from rural area and to analyze prevalence of sexual activity among them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to January 2016 in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department of Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra which is a tertiary care centre. All postmenopausal women who have attained menopause naturally were questioned about sexual symptoms with the help of pre-tested questionnaires and then analyzed with appropriate tests.Results: Mean age of menopause was 47.59±3.98 yrs and 51.9% were sexually active. Mean age among sexual active and sexual inactive women was 54.42±5.23 and 62.13±6.39 respectively. Prevalence of dyspareunia, vaginal dryness and decreased libido were 10.7%, 10.7% and 55.36% respectively in sexually active postmenopausal women. Sexual activity decreased from 54.4% to 5.6% as the duration of menopause increased from 5 years or less to 11 or more years. Sexual dysfunction increased as the duration of menopause increased.Conclusions: Sexual dysfunction is common in postmenopausal women and increases with increasing duration of menopause. Awareness of health care facility among rural menopausal women should be increased to improve their quality of life

Evolutionary interpretations of mycobacteriophage biodiversity and host-range through the analysis of codon usage bias

In an genomics course sponsored by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), undergraduate students have isolated and sequenced the genomes of more than 1,150 mycobacteriophages, creating the largest database of sequenced bacteriophages able to infect a single host, Mycobacterium smegmatis, a soil bacterium. Genomic analysis indicates that these mycobacteriophages can be grouped into 26 clusters based on genetic similarity. These clusters span a continuum of genetic diversity, with extensive genomic mosaicism among phages in different clusters. However, little is known regarding the primary hosts of these mycobacteriophages in their natural habitats, nor of their broader host ranges. As such, it is possible that the primary host of many newly isolated mycobacteriophages is not M. smegmatis, but instead a range of closely related bacterial species. However, determining mycobacteriophage host range presents difficulties associated with mycobacterial cultivability, pathogenicity and growth. Another way to gain insight into mycobacteriophage host range and ecology is through bioinformatic analysis of their genomic sequences. To this end, we examined the correlations between the codon usage biases of 199 different mycobacteriophages and those of several fully sequenced mycobacterial species in order to gain insight into the natural host range of these mycobacteriophages. We find that UPGMA clustering tends to match, but not consistently, clustering by shared nucleotide sequence identify. In addition, analysis of GC content, tRNA usage and correlations between mycobacteriophage and mycobacterial codon usage bias suggests that the preferred host of many clustered mycobacteriophages is not M. smegmatis but other, as yet unknown, members of the mycobacteria complex or closely allied bacterial species

Study of biosocial factors affecting laparoscopic tubal ligation in rural Maharashtra, India

Background: As compared to vasectomy, Indian women prefer female sterilization as the best mode sterilization. Many socio-demographic factors and gender of living children affects women in deciding laparoscopic tubal ligation.Objective of the study was to assess the biosocial factors affecting of laparoscopic tubal ligation patients in rural area and also to asses average family size and preference for male child before laparoscopic tubal ligation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done during January to June 2016 in Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research medical College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra. A total of 549 patients from rural area, underwent laparoscopic tubal ligation were enrolled for the study. Data was analyzed by using percentage and proportion whenever necessary.Results: In this study, mean age of patients undergoing tubal ligation was 26.37±3.82 year. Maximum patients were from 25-29 years age group and among them 45.54% were illiterates. Average family size was 2.61±0.66. In 51.73% cases, couple themselves motivated for their sterilization. Education of both participant and their husband was significantly related to the total no. of living children. Only 9 patients under went tubal ligation with only 1 male child, while all other couples had at least one male child in the family.Conclusions: The study reveals that all couple had at least one male child. Education of both participant and their husband was an important factor in deciding the size of family.