Transferring Knowledge and Opening Pathways: The Unconventional Doctoral Student-Adjunct Instructor

Doctoral student/adjunct instructor is a unique and important positionality that can provide perspective on the range of graduate student instructor experiences that exist. Positionality can be used to break down educational barriers and increase equity in the classroom. Transferring knowledge between contexts can be a form of advocating for social justice. There are both advantages and challenges to being a doctoral student/adjunct instructor

Cultivating The Chicano/Latina/O/X Faculty Pipeline Across Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) Systems: The Potential Role Of HSRIs In Transforming The Professoriate

The production of Chicano/Latino faculty has remained stagnant over the past 20 years, in part due to limitations in the production of doctoral students, hiring Latino faculty, and uneven experiences in graduate school. This article provides important findings related to the production of Latinx doctoral students and faculty in California, at a time when all public systems of education are HSI systems in the state. Latinx ladder rank faculty remain below five percent and doctoral student enrollment has remained stagnant, between 9 to 11% since 1998. Implications and recommendations for improving Latinx graduate student outcomes are also presented

Manifestações bucais em pacientes com Síndrome de Kabuki

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Saúde, 2010.A Síndrome de Kabuki (KS, Síndrome da maquiagem de Kabuki, Síndrome de Niikawa-Kuroki) é uma desordem genética rara caracterizada por múltiplas anomalias congênitas e deficiência cognitiva. O diagnóstico é clínico e baseado nos achados descritos simultaneamente em estudos independentes de dois grupos no Japão. A amostra foi composta por 16 indivíduos com KS, diagnosticados pelo Serviço de Genética Clínica do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil, com idades compreendidas entre oito e 24 anos de ambos os gêneros. Cada indivíduo foi submetido a exames clínico, radiográfico e a fotografias intra e extrabucais. Anomalias craniofaciais e dentárias foram observadas em todos os indivíduos examinados. Sete dos 16 indivíduos tinham maloclusão classe III de Angle, provavelmente devido à recessão maxilar e hipoplasia do terço médio da face. Palato profundo foi observado em doze indivíduos e aplainamento condilar em dois pacientes. Dentre as anomalias dentárias a mais observada foi a anomalia de forma, principalmente incisivos em chave de fenda. Forma atípica da coroa de premolares e molares e dilaceração radicular também foram relatadas. Hipodontia e microdontia foram diagnosticados em nove e quatro indivíduos, respectivamente. Opacidades difusas foram verificadas na dentição permanente (n=10). Grande heterogeneidade das manifestações clínicas foi observada nos indivíduos com KS examinados em concordância com a literatura. Anomalias não descritas previamente foram observadas nesta amostra, tais como anomalias de forma de coroa dentária, anomalias de forma da raiz, aplainamento condilar e fibrose da rafe palatina. Mais estudos clínicos e moleculares são necessários para melhor compreender as anomalias craniofaciais e dentárias descritas nesta síndrome. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTKabuki syndrome (KS, Kabuki make-up syndrome, Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. The diagnosis is clinical and based on the findings described simultaneously in independent studies of two groups in Japan. The sample comprised sixteen KS individuals diagnosed by Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil with ages between 8 to 24 years of both genders. Each individual underwent complete physical examination, as well as intra-oral and radiographic examinations. Extra-oral and intra-oral photographs were also performed. Craniofacial and dental anomalies were observed in all KS patients examined. Seven of the 16 individuals had class III malocclusion, probably due to maxillary recession and mid-face hypoplasia. Also, high arched palate was observed in twelve individuals. Flattening of the condyle was revealed in two individuals. The most common dental anomaly observed was teeth shape abnormalities, mainly screwdriver incisors. Moreover, atypical shape of the premolar's and molar's crowns and root dilaceration were also observed. Hypodontia and microdontia were present in 9 and 4 individuals, respectively. Enamel diffuse opacities were reported in permanent dentition (n=10). A great clinical heterogeneity was observed in KS individuals in line with other previous studies in the literature. Some non previously reported anomalies were also observed in this sample, such as crown anomalies, root shape, flattening of the condyle and fibrosis of raphe palate. Further clinical and molecular studies are necessary in order to better understand the presence of dental anomalies in this syndrome

Dissociable cognitive impairments in two strains of transgenic Alzheimer\u27s disease mice revealed by a battery of object-based tests

Object recognition tasks detect cognitive deficits in transgenic Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) mouse models. Object recognition, however, is not a unitary process, and there are many uncharacterized facets of object processing with relevance to AD. We therefore systematically evaluated object processing in 5xFAD and 3xTG AD mice to clarify the nature of object recognition-related deficits. Twelve-month-old male and female 5xFAD and 3xTG mice were assessed on tasks for object identity recognition, spatial recognition, and multisensory object perception. Memory and multisensory perceptual impairments were observed, with interesting dissociations between transgenic AD strains and sex that paralleled neuropathological changes. Overreliance on the widespread object recognition task threatens to slow discovery of potentially significant and clinically relevant behavioural effects related to this multifaceted cognitive function. The current results support the use of carefully designed object-based test batteries to clarify the relationship between object recognition impairments and specific aspects of AD pathology in rodent models

Eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma

Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes involved in pathogenesis of asthma. A cascade of processes directed by Th2 cytokine producing T-cells influence the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs. Furthermore, multiple elements including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, chemoattractants such as eotaxin, Clara cells, and CC chemokine receptor (CCR)3 are already directly involved in recruiting eosinophils to the lung during allergic inflammation. Once recruited, eosinophils participate in the modulation of immune response, induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, characteristic features of asthma. Various types of promising treatments for reducing asthmatic response are related to reduction in eosinophil counts both in human and experimental models of pulmonary allergic inflammation, showing that the recruitment of these cells really plays an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such asthma.Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Med, BR-01246 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Sarcopenia and cachexia in the era of obesity: Clinical and nutritional impact

Our understanding of body composition (BC) variability in contemporary populations has significantly increased with the use of imaging techniques. Abnormal BC such as sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and obesity (excess adipose tissue) are predictors of poorer prognosis in a variety of conditions or clinical situations. As a catabolic illness, a defining feature of cancer is muscle loss. Although the conceptual model of wasting in cancer is typically conceived as involuntary weight loss leading to low body weight, recent studies have shown that both sarcopenia and cachexia can be present with obesity. The combination of low muscle and high adipose tissue (sarcopenic obesity) is an emerging abnormal BC phenotype prevalent across the body weight, and hence BMI spectra. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in cancer are in most instances occult conditions, which have been independently associated with higher incidence of chemotherapy toxicity, shorter time to tumour progression, poorer outcomes of surgery, physical impairment and shorter survival. Although the mechanisms are yet to be fully understood, the associations with poorer clinical outcomes emphasise the value of nutritional assessment as well as the need to develop appropriate interventions to countermeasure abnormal BC. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity create diverse nutritional requirements, highlighting the compelling need for a more comprehensive and differentiated understanding of energy and protein requirements in this heterogeneous population

Cancer-associated malnutrition, cachexia and sarcopenia: The skeleton in the hospital closet 40 years later

An awareness of the importance of nutritional status in hospital settings began more than 40 years ago. Much has been learned since and has altered care. For the past 40 years several large studies have shown that cancer patients are amongst the most malnourished of all patient groups. Recently, the use of gold-standard methods of body composition assessment, including computed tomography, has facilitated the understanding of the true prevalence of cancer cachexia (CC). CC remains a devastating syndrome affecting 50â 80 % of cancer patients and it is responsible for the death of at least 20 %. The aetiology is multifactorial and complex; driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific tumour-derived factors, which initiate an energy-intensive acute phase protein response and drive the loss of skeletal muscle even in the presence of adequate food intake and insulin. The most clinically relevant phenotypic feature of CC is muscle loss (sarcopenia), as this relates to asthenia, fatigue, impaired physical function, reduced tolerance to treatments, impaired quality of life and reduced survival. Sarcopenia is present in 20â 70 % depending on the tumour type. There is mounting evidence that sarcopenia increases the risk of toxicity to many chemotherapy drugs. However, identification of patients with muscle loss has become increasingly difficult as 40â 60 % of cancer patients are overweight or obese, even in the setting of metastatic disease. Further challenges exist in trying to reverse CC and sarcopenia. Future clinical trials investigating dose reductions in sarcopenic patients and dose-escalating studies based on pre-treatment body composition assessment have the potential to alter cancer treatment paradigms

DESCRIÇÃO CONSTRUTIVA DE MINIBAR COMPACTO PARA COWORKING

Espaços de trabalho colaborativos, conhecidos como coworking, são cada vez mais comuns nas cidades brasileiras. Nesses espaços são valorizados diferentes elementos, com o intuito de estabelecer ações internas de interação. Estudar e compreender esses ambientes são de suma importância para o designer, que pode propor novas soluções técnicas de modo a atender às demandas de mercado. O presente artigo descreve parte do processo de concepção de um móvel do tipo minibar compacto, pensado para uso durante reuniões informais ou momentos de descontração. O produto em questão apresenta disposição construtiva que garante benefícios de praticidade. Tal característica tornou-se evidente por meio da busca de anterioridade, que foi realizada para conhecimento do estado datécnica

Rho-kinase inhibition attenuates airway responsiveness, inflammation, matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress activation induced by chronic inflammation

Possa SS, Charafeddine HT, Righetti RF, da Silva PA, Almeida-Reis R, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Perini A, Prado CM, Leick-Maldonado EA, Martins MA, Tiberio ID. Rho-kinase inhibition attenuates airway responsiveness, inflammation, matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress activation induced by chronic inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 303: L939-L952, 2012. First published September 21, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00034.2012.-Several studies have demonstrated the importance of Rho-kinase in the modulation of smooth muscle contraction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. However, the effects of repeated treatment with a specific inhibitor of this pathway have not been previously investigated. We evaluated the effects of repeated treatment with Y-27632, a highly selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on airway hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stress activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, eosinophilic inflammation, and cytokine expression in an animal model of chronic airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were subjected to seven ovalbumin or saline exposures. the treatment with Y-27632 (1 mM) started at the fifth inhalation. Seventy-two hours after the seventh inhalation, the animals' pulmonary mechanics were evaluated, and exhaled nitric oxide (E-NO) was collected. the lungs were removed, and histological analysis was performed using morphometry. Treatment with Y-27632 in sensitized animals reduced E-NO concentrations, maximal responses of resistance, elastance of the respiratory system, eosinophil counts, collagen and elastic fiber contents, the numbers of cells positive for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor-beta, NF-kappa B, IFN-gamma, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha contents compared with the untreated group (P < 0.05). We observed positive correlations among the functional responses and inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress pathway activation markers evaluated. in conclusion, Rho-kinase pathway activation contributes to the potentiation of the hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, the extracellular matrix remodeling process, and oxidative stress activation. These results suggest that Rho-kinase inhibitors represent potential pharmacological tools for the control of asthma.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Med, BR-01246903 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc