607 research outputs found
Learning on non-stationary data with re-weighting
Many real-world learning scenarios face the challenge of slow concept drift,
where data distributions change gradually over time. In this setting, we pose
the problem of learning temporally sensitive importance weights for training
data, in order to optimize predictive accuracy. We propose a class of temporal
reweighting functions that can capture multiple timescales of change in the
data, as well as instance-specific characteristics. We formulate a bi-level
optimization criterion, and an associated meta-learning algorithm, by which
these weights can be learned. In particular, our formulation trains an
auxiliary network to output weights as a function of training instances,
thereby compactly representing the instance weights. We validate our temporal
reweighting scheme on a large real-world dataset of 39M images spread over a 9
year period. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the necessity of
instance-based temporal reweighting in the dataset, and achieve significant
improvements to classical batch-learning approaches. Further, our proposal
easily generalizes to a streaming setting and shows significant gains compared
to recent continual learning methods
Selective classification using a robust meta-learning approach
Selective classification involves identifying the subset of test samples that
a model can classify with high accuracy, and is important for applications such
as automated medical diagnosis. We argue that this capability of identifying
uncertain samples is valuable for training classifiers as well, with the aim of
building more accurate classifiers. We unify these dual roles by training a
single auxiliary meta-network to output an importance weight as a function of
the instance. This measure is used at train time to reweight training data, and
at test-time to rank test instances for selective classification. A second, key
component of our proposal is the meta-objective of minimizing dropout variance
(the variance of classifier output when subjected to random weight dropout) for
training the metanetwork. We train the classifier together with its metanetwork
using a nested objective of minimizing classifier loss on training data and
meta-loss on a separate meta-training dataset. We outperform current
state-of-the-art on selective classification by substantial margins--for
instance, upto 1.9% AUC and 2% accuracy on a real-world diabetic retinopathy
dataset. Finally, our meta-learning framework extends naturally to unsupervised
domain adaptation, given our unsupervised variance minimization meta-objective.
We show cumulative absolute gains of 3.4% / 3.3% accuracy and AUC over the
other baselines in domain shift settings on the Retinopathy dataset using
unsupervised domain adaptation
Experimental demonstration of 25 GHz wideband chaos in symmetric dual port EDFRL
We study dynamics of chaos in dual port erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL). The laser consists of
two erbium-doped fibers, intracavity filters at 1549.30 nm, isolators, and couplers. At both ports, the laser
transitions into the chaotic regime for pump currents greater than 100 mA via period doubling route. We
calculate the Lyapunov exponents using Rosenstein’s algorithm. We obtain positive values for the largest
Lyapunov exponent (≈0.2) for embedding dimensions 5, 7, 9 and 11 indicating chaos. We compute the
power spectrum of the photocurrents at the output ports of the laser. We observe a bandwidth of ≈ 25
GHz at both ports. This ultra wideband nature of chaos obtained has potential applications in high speed
random number generation and communication
Transporte autorregulador de fármacos: un sistema inteligente de administración de fármacos
Introduction: Main objective of any pharmaceutical scientist is to develop drug delivery system that is
safe, effective, stable, having good patient compliance and fulfill the requirements of customers. Lead to
a great interest of research to develop the drug delivery system that will enable to supply drug «on-demand
» basis. These «stimuli-responsive and intelligent» systems have been designed to deliver the drug
on various times or at various sites in the body, according to a stimulus that is either endogenous or
externally applied.
Objectives: This paper aim to review various researches in the field of self regulatory drug delivery
systems in tabular form so one can utilize these finding for further development of in intelligent drug
delivery systems.
Method: Various physicochemical principles and chemical schemes have been applied by researchers
to get release pattern of drug as per requirement of body. Such devices can be used for intelligent drug
delivery needed for the treatment of many diseases like diabetes.
Results & Discussion: This type of intelligent system firstly sense the signals caused by diseaseà judge
the magnitude of signalsà and then release the drug in direct response.
Conclusion: In this article we have discuss various innovations in the field of self regulatory drug delivery
Systems and suggest that here is a lot of research scope in this field.Introducción: El objetivo principal de cualquier científico farmacéutico es desarrollar un sistema de administración
de fármacos que sea seguro, efectivo, estable, que cumpla con los requisitos del paciente
y cumpla con los requisitos de los clientes. Llevar a un gran interés de investigación para desarrollar el
sistema de entrega de medicamentos que permitirá suministrar medicamentos «a demanda». Estos sistemas
«sensibles a estímulos e inteligentes» han sido diseñados para administrar el farmaco en varios momentos
o en varios sitios en el cuerpo, de acuerdo con un estímulo endógeno o aplicado externamente.
Objetivos: Este artículo tiene como objetivo revisar diversas investigaciones en el campo de los sistemas
autorreguladores de administración de fármacos en forma tabular para que uno pueda utilizar estos
hallazgos para un mayor desarrollo de sistemas inteligentes de administración de fármacos.
Método: Los investigadores han aplicado varios principios fisicoquímicos y esquemas químicos para
obtener el patrón de liberación del fármaco según las necesidades del cuerpo. Dichos dispositivos se
pueden usar para la administración inteligente de medicamentos necesarios para el tratamiento de muchas
enfermedades, como la diabetes.
Resultados y discusión: Este tipo de sistema inteligente primero detecta las señales causadas por la enfermedad,
juzga la magnitud de las señales y luego libera la droga en respuesta directa.
Conclusión: En este artículo, hemos discutido varias innovaciones en el campo de los sistemas autorreguladores
de administración de fármacos y sugerimos que aquí hay mucho campo de investigación
en este campo
Recovery of acerbic anaerobic digester for biogas production from pomegranate shells using organic loading approach
86-94Anaerobic digestion of pomegranate shells was conducted in 25 L bioreactor operating at 35±0.5°C. The digester showed a reasonable amount of biogas (0.71 m3/kg VS fed) and methane (55.7%) with stable pH and acid: alkali profiles when operated at organic loading rate (OLR) from 1.0 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m−3. The reactor exhibited stable performance with methane yield of 0.44 m3/kg VS fed and reduction of 38.5% volatile solids (VS) As organic loading rate increased to 3.5 kg VS/day/m−3, accumulation of volatile fatty acid (VFA; 2797 ppm), mainly propionic acid (1617 ppm) was noticeable. The digester turned sour (pH 4.32) with lower biogas (2.5 Ld−1) and methane (30.80%) production, reflecting the case of overloading. Reversal of organic loading rate from 3.5 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m−3 gradually restored the upset anaerobic digester to normal profile in 4 weeks as judged from a gradual increase in biogas (6.5 Ld−1) and methane (58.4%)
Feedback Consolidation Algorithms for ABR Point-to-Multipoint Connections in ATM Networks
ABR traffic management for point-to-multipoint connections controls the
source rate to the minimum rate supported by all the branches of the multicast
tree. A number of algorithms have been developed for extending ABR congestion
avoidance algorithms to perform feedback consolidation at the branch points.
This paper discusses various design options and implementation alternatives for
the consolidation algorithms, and proposes a number of new algorithms. The
performance of the proposed algorithms and the previous algorithms is compared
under a variety of conditions. Results indicate that the algorithms we propose
eliminate the consolidation noise (caused if the feedback is returned before
all branches respond), while exhibiting a fast transient response.Comment: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 1998, March 1998, volume 3, pp. 1004-101
Clinical challenges with excipients in insulin formulations and role of concentrated insulin
Most of the insulin formulations in clinical use contain phenol, meta-cresol or both as excipients. These excipients in insulin preparations provide stability and have antimicrobial properties. However, they are reported to be associated with undesirable side-effects especially localised allergic reactions. Amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin is a major determining factor in causation of these reactions. This review discusses the excipients in different insulin formulations available in India with potential of precipitating undesirable effects and the use of concentrated insulins to reduce these complications. To avoid the detrimental effects associated with excipients, removal of preservatives or use of insulin preparations devoid of excipients can be an option. Besides these approaches, one approach that can be considered is the use of concentrated insulin to reduce the volume of insulin dose and thereby the excipients. Concentrated insulins address the high insulin requirements of the growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes who require higher insulin doses. Concentrated insulins help in reduction of dose volume as well as amount of excipients injected per unit dose of insulin. U200 (concentrated r-DNA Human Insulin Premix 30/70-200 IU/ml) can be advantageous with better absorption from smaller quantity injected, lesser variability in absorption, lesser pain and discomfort due to smaller quantity, lesser chances of hypoglycaemia all of which can lead to better patient compliance. Thus, concentrated insulin U200 can be one of the alternatives to prevent/reduce clinical complications with excipients in insulins
Recovery of acerbic anaerobic digester for biogas production from pomegranate shells using organic loading approach
Anaerobic digestion of pomegranate shells was conducted in 25 L bioreactor operating at 35±0.5°C. The digester showed a reasonable amount of biogas (0.71 m3/kg VS fed) and methane (55.7%) with stable pH and acid: alkali profiles when operated at organic loading rate (OLR) from 1.0 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m−3. The reactor exhibited stable performance with methane yield of 0.44 m3/kg VS fed and reduction of 38.5% volatile solids (VS) As organic loading rate increased to 3.5 kg VS/day/m−3, accumulation of volatile fatty acid (VFA; 2797 ppm), mainly propionic acid (1617 ppm) was noticeable. The digester turned sour (pH 4.32) with lower biogas (2.5 Ld−1) and methane (30.80%) production, reflecting the case of overloading. Reversal of organic loading rate from 3.5 to 3.0 kg VS/day/m−3 gradually restored the upset anaerobic digester to normal profile in 4 weeks as judged from a gradual increase in biogas (6.5 Ld−1) and methane (58.4%)
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