Understanding the quality of local vineyard soils in distinct viticultural areas: a case study in Alcubillas (La Mancha, central Spain)

The essential features of the soils of a pilot zone in La Mancha (Central Spain), namely the Alcubillas municipability, have been characterized. The soil properties that may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of soil on grape production have also, been evaluated. For this, several soil profiles have been described and analyzed and the profiles have been mapped. The soils are mainly Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols, with their evolution controlled by the action of a xerophytic Mediterranean climate. Most of these soils have a loamy clay texture, with medium clay contents and sufficient nutrient contents (despite the low content in organic matter 1.39% and 1.04%, and the high concentrations of calcium carbonate 23.7% and 26.9% in the surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). Drainage problems were not observed and it can therefore be stated that the Alcubillas vineyards are based on a ‘terroir’ term for the production of high quality grapes. In general, the soils are not subjected to treatments to control possible diseases or pests and we have therefore postulated that the soils represent the ideal scenario to establish a distinctive zone and for the increasingly valued ecological and natural viticultureThis research was funded by “Denominación de origen Valdepeñas” (denomination of origen), grant number UCTR18006

Characteristics of vineyard soils derived from Plio-Quaternary landforms (raña or rañizo) in southern Europe

Soil is an essential component in viticulture. The study reported here concerns the assessment of the morphology chemical and physicochemical features of typical, well-developed and representative evolved Mediterranean soils near Anchuras (Spain, southern Europe), a site with soils that developed on old landforms (Plio-Quaternary) called ‘raña’ and/or ‘rañizo’. The soils under study were described and sampled by conducting soil surveys. Selected soil properties, such as texture, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and contents of organic matter, nutrients, etc., were analysed using standard procedures. The results showed that these landscape surfaces were, linked with specific soil properties such as low pH (from 4.4 to 5.3) and EC (from 0.15 to 0.02 dSm 1 ), clay contents (20.1%–48.8%), high CEC (26–39 cmol/kg), and low base saturation values (from 11.2% to 17.2%), and have an adequate and singular pedological potential in relation to the ‘terroir’ or ‘terron’ concepts that meet suitability criteria. Furthermore, the information provided by this study, fundamentally through the weathering indices, supports the role of soil-forming factors and their influence on soil properties. In addition, as these landforms and underlying materials have abundant and extensive rock fragments, the role of these soils in the context of vineyard growth and development has been investigatedThis research was supported by the Winerin Eldoze (Project number UCTR180065

A morphological approach to evaluating the nature of vineyard soils in semiarid Mediterranean environment

La Mancha (Central Spain) is one of the most extensive vineyard regions in the world, and ‘Valdepeñas’ is a representative Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) in this region. However, what are their main soil types? what kind of horizons are the most common? and what is the role of the geomorphological positions in their pedodiversity? After describing and sampling 90 soil profiles in this area, Alfisols, Inceptisols and Entisols were mainly identified in Soil Taxonomy terms; in other words, Luvisols, Cambisols, Regosols, Leptosols and a highly significant proportion of Calcisols according to FAO-UNESCO-ISSS. The accumulation of carbonate, the thickness of which varies from a diffuse or powdery form to crusted forms, appear sometimes like polycyclic. The presence of red soils, with or without a calcic or petrocalcic horizon, indicates the most representative edaphic stages in this region. Consequently, the morphological signature is calcic or petrocalcic, followed by argillic and/or cambic horizons, under ochric horizons. It can be concluded that the nature of soils in Valdepeñas can be considered a differential factor to bear in mind for quality viticultural production. Highlights: There are unknown conceptual zones in support production of wine. A comprehensive study in a local case was performed due to its traditional production of vineyards. This study highlights the importance and uniqueness of the calcic and petrocalcic horizons. A disconnect exists between some tradicional viticultural zones with low reputation and the real value of their soil

Bridges of biomaterials promote nigrostriatal pathway regeneration

[EN] Repair of central nervous system (CNS) lesions is difficulted by the lack of ability of central axons to regrow, and the blocking by the brain astrocytes to axonal entry. We hypothesized that by using bridges made of porous biomaterial and permissive olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), we could provide a scaffold to permit restoration of white matter tracts. We implanted porous polycaprolactone (PCL) bridges between the substantia nigra and the striatum in rats, both with and without OEG. We compared the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase positive (TH+) fibers crossing the striatal-graft interface, and the astrocytic and microglial reaction around the grafts, between animals grafted with and without OEG. Although TH+ fibers were found inside the grafts made of PCL alone, there was a greater fiber density inside the graft and at the striatal-graft interface when OEG was cografted. Also, there was less astrocytic and microglial reaction in those animals. These results show that these PCL grafts are able to promote axonal growth along the nigrostriatal pathway, and that cografting of OEG markedly enhances axonal entry inside the grafts, growth within them, and re-entry of axons into the CNS. These results may have implications in the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's and others associated with lesions of central white matter tracts.Contract grant sponsor: Regional Government Health Department (Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana) and Carlos III Health Institute of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs (Spain) (Regenerative Medicine Programme) Contract grant sponsor: Spanish ministry of Education and Science; contract grant number: MAT 2006-13554-C02-02 Contract grant sponsor: Red de Terapia Celular TERCEL (RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (ISCIII); contract grant number: RD12/0019/0010 (to J.A.) Contract grant sponsor: Spanish Science & Innovation Ministery; contract grant number: MAT2008-06434 (to M.M.P.) Contract grant sponsor: "Convenio de Colaboracion para la Investigacion Basica y Traslacional en Medicina Regenerativa," Instituto Nacional de Salud Carlos III, the Conselleria de Sanidad of the Generalitat Valenciana, and the Foundation Centro de Investigacion Principe FelipeGómez Pinedo, U.; Sanchez-Rojas, L.; Vidueira, S.; Sancho, FJ.; Martínez-Ramos, C.; Lebourg, M.; Monleón Pradas, M.... (2019). Bridges of biomaterials promote nigrostriatal pathway regeneration. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 107(1):190-196. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34110S1901961071Pekny, M., Wilhelmsson, U., & Pekna, M. (2014). The dual role of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. Neuroscience Letters, 565, 30-38. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.071Bliss, T. M., Andres, R. H., & Steinberg, G. K. (2010). Optimizing the success of cell transplantation therapy for stroke. Neurobiology of Disease, 37(2), 275-283. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.10.003Tam, R. Y., Fuehrmann, T., Mitrousis, N., & Shoichet, M. S. (2013). Regenerative Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases: a Biomaterials Approach. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(1), 169-188. doi:10.1038/npp.2013.237Skop, N. B., Calderon, F., Cho, C. H., Gandhi, C. D., & Levison, S. W. (2014). Improvements in biomaterial matrices for neural precursor cell transplantation. Molecular and Cellular Therapies, 2(1), 19. doi:10.1186/2052-8426-2-19Yasuhara, T., Kameda, M., Sasaki, T., Tajiri, N., & Date, I. (2017). Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease. Cell Transplantation, 26(9), 1551-1559. doi:10.1177/0963689717735411Orive, G., Anitua, E., Pedraz, J. L., & Emerich, D. F. (2009). Biomaterials for promoting brain protection, repair and regeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(9), 682-692. doi:10.1038/nrn2685Walker, P. A., Aroom, K. R., Jimenez, F., Shah, S. K., Harting, M. T., Gill, B. S., & Cox, C. S. (2009). Advances in Progenitor Cell Therapy Using Scaffolding Constructs for Central Nervous System Injury. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 5(3), 283-300. doi:10.1007/s12015-009-9081-1Zhong, Y., & Bellamkonda, R. V. (2008). Biomaterials for the central nervous system. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 5(26), 957-975. doi:10.1098/rsif.2008.0071Pérez‐GarnezM BarciaJA Gómez‐PinedoU Monleón‐PradasM Vallés‐LluchA.Materials for Central Nervous System Tissue Engineering Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine. InTech;2014. Chap 7.Sinha, V. R., Bansal, K., Kaushik, R., Kumria, R., & Trehan, A. (2004). Poly-ϵ-caprolactone microspheres and nanospheres: an overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 278(1), 1-23. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.044Raisman, G. (2001). Olfactory ensheathing cells — another miracle cure for spinal cord injury? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(5), 369-375. doi:10.1038/35072576Raisman, G., & Li, Y. (2007). Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(4), 312-319. doi:10.1038/nrn2099Fairless, R., & Barnett, S. C. (2005). Olfactory ensheathing cells: their role in central nervous system repair. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 37(4), 693-699. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.10.010Collins, A., Li, D., Mcmahon, S. B., Raisman, G., & Li, Y. (2017). Transplantation of Cultured Olfactory Bulb Cells Prevents Abnormal Sensory Responses during Recovery from Dorsal Root Avulsion in the Rat. Cell Transplantation, 26(5), 913-924. doi:10.3727/096368917x695353Navarro, X., Valero, A., Gudi�o, G., For�s, J., Rodr�guez, F. J., Verd�, E., … Nieto-Sampedro, M. (1999). Ensheathing glia transplants promote dorsal root regeneration and spinal reflex restitution after multiple lumbar rhizotomy. Annals of Neurology, 45(2), 207-215. doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:23.0.co;2-kGómez-Pinedo, U., Félez, M. C., Sancho-Bielsa, F. J., Vidueira, S., Cabanes, C., Soriano, M., … Barcia, J. A. (2008). Improved technique for stereotactic placement of nerve grafts between two locations inside the rat brain. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 174(2), 194-201. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.008HowardCV ReedMG.Unbiased Stereology: Three‐Dimensional Measurement in Microscopy. Oxford: Bioimaging Group;1998.Collier, T. J., & Springer, J. E. (1991). Co-grafts of embryonic dopamine neurons and adult sciatic nerve into the denervated striatum enhance behavioral and morphological recovery in rats. Experimental Neurology, 114(3), 343-350. doi:10.1016/0014-4886(91)90160-eBourke, J. L., Coleman, H. A., Pham, V., Forsythe, J. S., & Parkington, H. C. (2014). Neuronal Electrophysiological Function and Control of Neurite Outgrowth on Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers Are Cell Type Dependent. Tissue Engineering Part A, 20(5-6), 1089-1095. doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0295Nga, V. D. W., Lim, J., Choy, D. K. S., Nyein, M. A., Lu, J., Chou, N., … Teoh, S.-H. (2015). Effects of Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds on the Blood–Brain Barrier and Cerebral Inflammation. Tissue Engineering Part A, 21(3-4), 647-653. doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0779Pérez-Garnés, M., Martínez-Ramos, C., Barcia, J. A., Escobar Ivirico, J. L., Gómez-Pinedo, U., Vallés-Lluch, A., & Monleón Pradas, M. (2012). One-Dimensional Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells on Synthetic Materials: Experimental and Numerical Characterization. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 65(1), 21-36. doi:10.1007/s12013-012-9399-1Diban, N., Ramos-Vivas, J., Remuzgo-Martinez, S., Ortiz, I., & Urtiaga, A. (2015). Poly(ε-caprolactone) Films with Favourable Properties for Neural Cell Growth. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 14(23), 2743-2749. doi:10.2174/156802661466614121515393

Exploring the presence of five rare earth elements in vineyard soils on different lithologies: Campo de Calatrava, Spain

The aim of the work described here was to understand the pedogeochemical signature of five rare earth elements (REEs; Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc) in vineyard soils in Campo de Calatrava (a unique territory with calcareous, volcanic and metamorphic rocks). The mean contents in surface horizons of Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc were 65.7, 32.0, 35.5, 18.8, and 13.9 mg·kg–1, respectively. In subsurface horizons the contents were Ce 62.8, Nd 31.1, La 35.7, Y 17.9, and Sc 14.4 mg·kg–1 . The results show that mean contents of REEs in the area under investigation are in the order Ce > Nd > La > Y > Sc. Ce has a very high range, with a value close to 150 mg·kg–1 . On the other hand, concentrations of Ce, Nd, Y, and Sc are higher in soils on volcanic material than in soils on nonvolcanic material, while only La values are lower in soils on volcanic rocks. The distributional maps of REEs in surface and subsurface horizons suggest that parent material and pedogenesis such as argillization and calcium carbonate accumulation are more important factors than the use of REE-based fertilizers, except in certain exceptional cases (consistent with a possible specific human impact after continuous fertilization

Variaciones séricas de magnitudes bioquímicas en el pádel de competición

Objetivo. Los cambios que ocurren en los músculos debido a la práctica de actividad física se reflejan en los fluidos corporales y principalmente en la sangre. Estas alteraciones pueden indicarnos si los esfuerzos realizados suponen un predominio de esfuerzos de resistencia o bien de velocidad y fuerza. En este sentido, resulta interesante evaluar las modificaciones que se producen sobre el organismo durante la práctica del pádel para conocer su efecto, ya que si la carga física es excesiva, puede aumentar el riesgo de padecer manifestaciones adversas, tanto desde el punto de vista patofisiológico como psicosomático, comprometiendo la salud del deportista. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar las modificaciones bioquímicas que tienen lugar durante la realización de un partido de pádel..

Genetically predicted telomere length and Alzheimer’s disease endophenotypes: a Mendelian randomization study

Telomere length (TL) is associated with biological aging, consequently influencing the risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to evaluate the potential causal role of TL in AD endophenotypes (i.e., cognitive performance, N = 2233; brain age and AD-related signatures, N = 1134; and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF) of AD and neurodegeneration, N = 304) through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Our analysis was conducted in the context of the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) study, a population of cognitively healthy individuals at risk of AD. A total of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with TL were used to determine the effect of TL on AD endophenotypes. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. Stratified analyses by APOE-epsilon 4 status and polygenic risk score of AD were conducted. MR analysis revealed significant associations between genetically predicted longer TL and lower levels of CSF A beta and higher levels of CSF NfL only in APOE-epsilon 4 non-carriers. Moreover, inheriting longer TL was associated with greater cortical thickness in age and AD-related brain signatures and lower levels of CSF p-tau among individuals at a high genetic predisposition to AD. Further observational analyses are warranted to better understand these associations

Deus

A relação entre a arte e a transcendência é imemorial. Uma sociedade interroga-se sobre a vida e a morte, desenvolve rituais e estabelece mediações através da oferta de objetos, de sacrifícios, de representações, de práticas funerárias, de comportamentos que não surgem da necessidade biológica, surgem da necessidade pensada, ou melhor, surgem do espírito. A questão estabelece-se entre o pensamento e as coisas. As coisas, o seu destino, o seu processo, o seu devir, têm regularidades, e irregularidades. Sobre as regularidades, como a quantidade, a permanência, a repetição, podemos estabelecer representações, ou relações de conhecimento. Sobre as irregularidades, percebidas como arbitrárias, que provocam incerteza, vida e morte, destinos indeterminados, podemos pensar uma determinação exterior, que nos transcende na duração e no conhecimento. Ao lançar “Deus” como tema deste número da revista Estúdio teve-se a perceção inteira da sua profundidade. A condição humana faz-se da representação da sua finitude, na mesma medida da grandeza do que a transcende. Assim foi, neste número, o tema do desafio lançado pela Estúdio. Adicionou-se este tema ao escopo que a revista Estúdio sempre tem apresentado, e que a distingue, ao solicitar aos artistas e criadores que apresentem as suas perspetivas sobre as obras de seus companheiros de profissão, colocando um ênfase no estudo de artistas que são menos conhecidos, e dando prioridade aos originários dos países abrangidos pelos idiomas da revista, português e espanhol. Este número 10 da Estúdio, dedicado ao tema Deus, é constituído por 19 artigos, selecionados a partir de 46 submissões, a que se adicionou um dossier editorial, perfazendo assim um total de 21 artigos e 1 entrevista.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Drawing as a Form of Communication and Expression

Este é um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à UNIFESP – Universidade Federal de São Paulo no quinto semestre do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Design Educacional no mês de junho de 2021. Teve como orientador o professor doutor Luciano Gamez e coorientadora a professora doutora Izabel Patrícia Meister. O tema deste trabalho é o desenho como forma de comunicação e expressão. A oficina proposta é desenvolvida para adultos que gostem de desenhar de forma amadora, ou seja, não visa formar desenhistas profissionais. Baseado no movimento educacional comportamental a proposta é treinar habilidades no aprendente para que através de estímulo adequado o mesmo possa desenvolver habilidades de desenho.This is a Final Paper submitted to UNIFESP – Federal University of São Paulo - on the fifth period of Graduation in Educational Design Technology at June 2021. As adviser the professor Dr. Luciano Gamez, and coadviser the professor Dra. Izabel Patrícia Meister. This work is about the drawing for communication and expression. The proposed workshop is developed for adults who like to draw in amateur way, do not have intention to qualificate professional drawers. Based on the comportamental educational movement, the propose is training abilities in the students so that through adequate stimulation that they can develop drawing abilities

An environmental approach to understanding the expansion of future vineyards: Case study of soil developed on alluvial sediments

The importance of soil properties in wine grape production is generally treated as secondary to climate and canopy management. This study was undertaken to characterize and classify a singular soil resource for a vineyard in a traditional viticultural region: Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain. The soil under study was described and sampled using standard soil survey procedures as outlined by FAO, and served as a pedologic window for Gleyic Fluvisol (Calcaric, Humic), according to the FAO System, or Fluventic Haploxerept, according to the Soil Taxonomy System. This soil, developed on alluvial materials of Holocene age related to the Gigüela river (either carbonatic or gypsiferous) has, in addition to obvious hydromorphic features (that reduce its use), high organic matter content (5.5% in the Ap horizon) and moderate salt content (between 1.14 and 2.39 dS/m). Other properties are common to most vineyard soils in Castilla-La Mancha, such as alkaline reactivity (pH between 7.6 and 8.2); calcium and magnesium as the dominant cations followed by sodium and potassium; finally, some deficiency in N (0.11%) and P (12.3 mg/kg). The most restricting soil factors for vineyard growth of this soil type were waterlogging, which can affect vine roots, and the appearance of certain salinity problems. The final conclusion of this study was that the use of the studied soil type for vineyard cultivation could be recommended to farmers only in the case of improving soil properties—for example, draining the river level