IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM L. MATON

Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the possible phytoconstituents identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an ethanolic leaves extract of Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton.Methods: The extraction of E. cardamomum was done by cold solvent extraction system at room temperature. GC-MS analysis of lyophilized ethanolic leaves extract of plant samples was carried out by GC-MS-GC Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer. Results: In E. cardamomum, 21 phytochemicals were identified among which retinal, 9-cis-showed the highest area (44.86%) and benzeneethanamine, α-methyl- showed the lowest area (0.12%). The major compounds identified were retinal, 9-cis-, 1-heptatriacotanol, phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, naphthalene,decahydro-1,1,4atrimethyl-6-methylene-5-(3-methyl-2-4-pentadienyl)-[4aS-(4aα,5α,8aα)]-, β-pinene, 2H-pytan-3-ol,6- ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-and cyclopropane, trimethanol, (2-methyl-1-propanylidene).Conclusion: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbon alkane, ester, terpenes, phenolic compounds, steroids, and fatty acids in E. cardamomum. These active phytoconstituents contribute to the medicinal efficacy of the plant, and the plant can be used for the sourcing of these compounds

The role of newer anticoagulants in prevention of deep vein thrombosis following joint replacements

Background: Deep vein thrombosis following orthopedic surgeries particularly hip and knee arthroplasty is due to the accompanying blood vessel trauma, venous stasis, coagulation activation and older age in most of the patients. This study aims to study the efficacy of newer anticoagulants such as direct thrombin and direct factor Xa inhibitors in prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following arthroplasties.Methods: Tablet Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily was administered for 15 days following total knee replacement (TKR) and 30 days following total hip replacement (THR) or hemiarthroplasties.  Patients were examined clinically and radiologically with colour doppler of both lower limbs from 5th-13th and 30th-42th day postoperatively during follow up.Results: Only 3 out of 53 patients who underwent hip/knee arthroplasty developed DVT (p <0.05) which were found to be significant. Conclusions: The prevention of DVT in hip and knee arthoplasty using newer anticoagulant Apixaban was more efficacious, well tolerated with low rate of bleeding

Efficacy of sanjiao and ren meridian massage on blood sugar level among type 2 diabetics: A Randomized control trial

OBJECTIVE: To understand the change in blood glucose level and HbA1c following meridian massage. BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. In acupuncture, there are many studies on its efficacy on diabetes. My study aims to understand the efficacy of meridian massage on diabetes. DESIGN AND METHOD: 60 subjects were randomized Using computerized number generation method into Group A (meridian massage ; N = 30) and Group B (control ; N= 30). The Subjects of Group A received meridian massage once in a week for 3 months along with their regular allopathic medications and Group B continued their allopathy medicines. Data was collected before and after treatment through blood glucose test and HbA1C. RESULTS: Meridian massage intervention showed statistically significant changes in fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.001), postprandial blood sugar level (p = 0.001) and HbA1C (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This trial suggested that meridian massage along with conventional medications is better in reducing serum glucose level and HbA1C level in type 2 diabetes

A prospective and comparitive study on emergency laparotomy pathway quality improvement care bundle in reducing mortality

Emergency laparotomy is the little studied area of a surgical practice. The results of recent international audits and report by royal college of surgeons of England throws light on standard of care delivered to patients admitted for emergency laparotomy. The first report by the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) was published in 2015 .A significant proportion of patients with overt sepsis still do not receive timely antibiotics within one hour of identification of sepsis. Access to emergency theatres is patchy, especially for patients deemed to be category 2a (urgent: surgery within 2 to 6 hours). Fluid resuscitation is carried out in an unscientific way and intensive care unit admission is inconsistent. Consultant (both anaesthetic and surgical) involvement at night and weekends remains poor. The ELN report also highlighted wide variation in, and poor delivery of a number of key process indicators that are supported in evidence- 1. All emergency admissions have an early warning score assessed on presentation,graded escalation policies for senior clinical and intensive care unit referral(NICE clinical guidelines). 2. Broad spectrum antibiotics to be given to all patients with suspicion of peritoneal soiling or with a diagnosis of sepsis (Surviving Sepsis Campaign). 3. Once a decision has been made to carry out laparotomy the patient takes the next available place in the emergency theatre (or within 6 hours of decision being made). 4. Start resuscitation using goal directed techniques as soon as possible or within 6 hours of admission(NICE recommendation and others). 5. Admit all patients in ICU after emergency laparotomy. To compare risk adjusted 30 day mortality after emergency laparotomy before and after implementation of ELPQuiC bundle (Emergency Laparotomy Pathway Quality Improvement Care Bundle project). METHODS: The data set and definitions were agreed before start of the study. Baseline data before the implementation of ELPQuiC for minimum of 3 months collected. The ELPQuiC bundle was introduced and data were collected over 5 months. The predicted mortality was estimated for each patient using Porstmouth modification of Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM). Data collected included demographics and compliance with bundle elements. The primary outcome was P-POSSUM risk adjusted 30 day mortality. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots were used to show cumulative differences between expected risk of death(by P-POSSUM score) and observed outcome Increasing CUSUM-Saving of lives; Decreasing CUSUM-loss of lives; Stable CUSUM-neutral RESULTS: The overall crude mortality rate decreased from 28.2% to 18.4%. The reduction in percentage of mortality 34.75%. Mortallity outcomes were adjusted for individual patients predicted risk of 30 day mortality. Expected minus observed CUSUM chart showed significant increase in lives saved per 100 patients treated after introduction of ELPQuiC care bundle. CONCLUSION: The use of ELPQuiC bundle was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death following emergency laparotomy

Secure Blockchain Transactions for Electronic Health Records based on an Improved Attribute-Based Signature Scheme (IASS)

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are entirely controlled by hospitals, not patients, making it difficult to obtain medical advice from individual hospitals. Patients need to keep tabs on their health details and take back control of their medical data. The rapid development of blockchain technology has facilitated large-scale healthcare, including medical records and patient-related data. The technology provides comprehensive and immutable patient records and free access to electronic medical records for providers and treatment portals. To ensure the validity of the blockchain-connected EHR, the Improved Attribute-Based Signature Scheme (IASS) has considerable powers, allowing patients to approve messages based on attributes but not validated. In addition, it avoids the problem of having multiple authorities without a single or central source of trust for generating and distributing patient public/private keys and fits into the blockchain model for distributed data storage. By sharing a secret, pseudo-random activity seed between authorities, the protocol resists collusive attacks by corrupt officials. The technology provides patients with a comprehensive, immutable record and free access to their EHR from providers and treatment portals. To ensure the validity of blockchain-connected EHRs, propose an attribute-based multi-authority signature scheme that authorizes messages based on their attributes without revealing any information

Immunomodulation and interferon gamma gene expression in sutchi cat fish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: effect of dietary fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) on pre and post challenge period

A 45-days feeding trial was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effect and interferon gamma gene expression of dietary fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) from Sargassum wightii on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings were distributed into six experimental groups in triplicates. Each group was stocked with 10 fish and fed to satiation with iso-nitrogenous (34.96 � 0.09–35.18 � 0.03 CP%) and iso-caloric (368.65 � 0.86–375.09 � 0.26 Kcal/100 g) purified diets containing either 0% FRSE (control), 1% FRSE (TF1), 2% FRSE (TF2), 3% FRSE (TF3), 3% seaweed powder (TS3) or 6% seaweed powder (TS6) in the feed. After feeding trial the experimental fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity and total leukocyte count (TLC) were increased with the increasing level of dietary FRSE, whereas serum Albumin/ Globulin (A/G) ratio and blood glucose level exhibited decreasing trend (P < 0.05)

Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 by barium doping

775-782BiVO4 has been successfully synthesized by solid state method and doped by barium in the sites of bismuth in 3%, 6%, 9% and 15% to form Bi1-xBaxVO4 (x = 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 & 0.15). The products have been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The band gap of undoped BiVO4 is calculated to be 2.19 eV and the barium doped BiVO4 compounds exhibit band gaps which are closer to the band gap of undoped compound. The photocatalytic activities of undoped and doped catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue have been studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and found to be depended largely on the barium content and the particle size of the compounds

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF NITRO EXPLOSIVE (HNS) USING GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE

A glassy carbon electrode (GC) exhibited an attractive performance for the detection and determination of a nitro compound like 1,2- Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ethylene (HNS). Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry were used in a combined way to identify the electrochemical characteristics and to optimize the conditions for detection. For calibrating and estimating HNS, square- wave voltammetry was mainly used. The HNS shows a well-defined peak at in the dimethy sulfoxide (DMSO) containing Tetrabutyl Ammonium Bromide (TBABr) medium. The existence of peak at -0.10 V showed good peak and high current response

Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita: Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity

A 45-days feeding trial was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effect and interferon gamma gene expression of dietary fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) from Sargassum wightii on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty fingerlings were distributed into six experimental groups in triplicates. Each group was stocked with 10 fish and fed to satiation with iso-nitrogenous (34.96 � 0.09–35.18 � 0.03 CP%) and iso-caloric (368.65 � 0.86–375.09 � 0.26 Kcal/100 g) purified diets containing either 0% FRSE (control), 1% FRSE (TF1), 2% FRSE (TF2), 3% FRSE (TF3), 3% seaweed powder (TS3) or 6% seaweed powder (TS6) in the feed. After feeding trial the experimental fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Immunological parameters like respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity and total leukocyte count (TLC) were increased with the increasing level of dietary FRSE, whereas serum Albumin/ Globulin (A/G) ratio and blood glucose level exhibited decreasing trend (P < 0.05)