Оптимизация магнитной пружины конструкции ''два постоянных магнита''

Изучена возможность оптимизации магнитной пружины типа ''два постоянных магнита''. Проведено теоретическое исследование зависимости усилия втягивания (вытягивания) и длины рабочего хода пружины от ее геометрических размеров. Все полученные результаты были подтверждены экспериментально. Отмечается хорошее соответствие теоретических и экспериментальных результатов. Установлены оптимальные соотношения между диаметрами внешнего и внутреннего цилиндрических магнитов для получения максимального усилия втягивания при заданной длине хода пружины. Предложена перспективная конструкция магнитной пружины с применением торцевого диска и проведены ее экспериментальные исследования.Вивчено можливість оптимізації магнітної пружини типу ''два постійні магніти''. Проведено теоретичне дослідження взаємозв'язку геометричних розмірів пружини з її зусиллям втягування (витягування) і довжиною робочого ходу. Всі отримані результати було підтверджено експериментально. Відзначається хороша відповідність теоретичних і експериментальних результатів. Встановлено оптимальні співвідношення між діаметрами зовнішнього й внутрішнього циліндричних магнітів для отримання максимального зусилля втягування при заданій довжині ходу пружини. Запропоновано перспективну конструкцію магнітної пружини із застосуванням торцевого диску й проведено її експериментальні дослідження.Optimization possibilities of a magnetic spring (''two permanent magnets'' type) are investigated. The theoretical calculation of the relationship of geometrical sizes and forces is carried out. All theoretical results are checked experimentally. A very good agreement of theoretical and experimental data is detected. The optimal ratio between two diameters of cylinder magnets for the maximal force at a given spring length is calculated. The perspective construction of a magnetic spring with applying the butt-end soft magnetic material disk is offered, and its experimental tests are carried out

Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection

The molecular mechanisms that drive mucosal T helper type 2 (T[subscript H]2) responses against parasitic helminths and allergens remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that TFF2 (trefoil factor 2), an epithelial cell–derived repair molecule, is needed for the control of lung injury caused by the hookworm parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and for type 2 immunity after infection. TFF2 is also necessary for the rapid production of IL-33, a T[subscript H]2-promoting cytokine, by lung epithelia, alveolar macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells in infected mice. TFF2 also increases the severity of allergic lung disease caused by house dust mite antigens or IL-13. Moreover, TFF2 messenger RNA expression is significantly increased in nasal mucosal brushings during asthma exacerbations in children. These experiments extend the biological functions of TFF2 from tissue repair to the initiation and maintenance of mucosal T[subscript H]2 responses

Prenatal exposures and exposomics of asthma

This review examines the causal investigation of preclinical development of childhood asthma using exposomic tools. We examine the current state of knowledge regarding early-life exposure to non-biogenic indoor air pollution and the developmental modulation of the immune system. We examine how metabolomics technologies could aid not only in the biomarker identification of a particular asthma phenotype, but also the mechanisms underlying the immunopathologic process. Within such a framework, we propose alternate components of exposomic investigation of asthma in which, the exposome represents a reiterative investigative process of targeted biomarker identification, validation through computational systems biology and physical sampling of environmental medi

Real-life effectiveness of indacaterol–glycopyrronium after switching from tiotropium or salmeterol/fluticasone therapy in patients with symptomatic COPD: the POWER study

Alan Kaplan,1 Kenneth R Chapman,2 Syed M Anees,3 Irvin Mayers,4 Driss Rochdi,5 Michel Djandji,5 David Préfontaine,5 Andrew McIvor6 1Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry – Western University, University of Windsor, ON, Canada; 4Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; 5Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada; 6Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada Purpose: In contrast to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), changes in maintenance pharmacotherapy in clinical practice occur without a washout period. The Prospective cohort study for the real-life effectiveness evaluation of glycOpyrronium With indacatERol combination in the management of COPD in Canada (POWER) study evaluated the real-life effectiveness of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) following a direct switch from a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA, tiotropium) or long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) maintenance treatment (salmeterol/fluticasone [SFC]).Methods: POWER was a single-cohort, prospective, multicenter, interventional study in which patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, who remained symptomatic on their current treatment of once-daily (od) tiotropium 18 µg or twice-daily (bid) SFC (any dose), were switched to treatment with open-label IND/GLY 110/50 µg od for 16 weeks. Effectiveness end points were change from baseline in trough FEV1, transition dyspnea index (TDI) total scores, and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores at 16 weeks.Results: Trough FEV1 improved by 175 mL at Week 16 in patients who switched to IND/GLY. The change was 176 mL (95% CI: 135–217) when switched from tiotropium and 172 mL (95% CI: 85–258) when switched from SFC fixed-dose combination (FDC). At Week 16, significant improvements were observed in the mean TDI total scores (Δ=2.5) and CAT scores (Δ=-6.5) after the switch to IND/GLY treatment (both P<0.0001). Additionally, IND/GLY was well tolerated in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, and no safety signal was observed.Conclusion: In clinical practice settings, a direct switch from previous treatment with either tiotropium or SFC to IND/GLY was safe and provided superior clinically significant improvements in lung function and patient-related outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.Clinical trial registration: NCT02202616. Keywords: COPD assessment test, dyspnea, FEV1, indacaterol/glycopyrronium, lung function, TD