6,940 research outputs found
Slow roll in simple non-canonical inflation
We consider inflation using a class of non-canonical Lagrangians for which
the modification to the kinetic term depends on the field, but not its
derivatives. We generalize the standard Hubble slow roll expansion to the
non-canonical case and derive expressions for observables in terms of the
generalized slow roll parameters. We apply the general results to the
illustrative case of ``Slinky'' inflation, which has a simple, exactly
solvable, non-canonical representation. However, when transformed into a
canonical basis, Slinky inflation consists of a field oscillating on a
multi-valued potential. We calculate the power spectrum of curvature
perturbations for Slinky inflation directly in the non-canonical basis, and
show that the spectrum is approximately a power law on large scales, with a
``blue'' power spectrum. On small scales, the power spectrum exhibits strong
oscillatory behavior. This is an example of a model in which the widely used
solution of Garriga and Mukhanov gives the wrong answer for the power spectrum.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, four figures. (V2: minor changes to text. Version
submitted to JCAP.
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Optimal beam pattern to maximize inclusion residence time in an electron beam melting hearth
Approximate probabilities of inclusion survival through an electron beam melting hearth are computed from nitride dissolution rates, flotation velocities, and residence times. Dissolution rates were determined by measuring shrinkage rates of pure TiN and nitrided sponge in small pools of molten titanium in an electron beam melting hearth. Flotation velocities were calculated using correlations for fluid flow around spheres, and show that particles sink or float unless their densities are extremely close to that of molten titanium. Flow field characteristics which lead to effective inclusion removal are discussed in terms of heat flux pattern required to produce them, based on the electron beam`s unique ability to impart a nearly arbitrary heat flux pattern to the melt surface
On the computational content of Zorn's lemma
We give a computational interpretation to an abstract instance of Zorn's
lemma formulated as a wellfoundedness principle in the language of arithmetic
in all finite types. This is achieved through G\"odel's functional
interpretation, and requires the introduction of a novel form of recursion over
non-wellfounded partial orders whose existence in the model of total continuous
functionals is proven using domain theoretic techniques. We show that a
realizer for the functional interpretation of open induction over the
lexicographic ordering on sequences follows as a simple application of our main
results
Global Standards in Action: Insights from Anti-Money Laundering Regulation
As organizations have come under the increasing influence of global rules of all sorts, organization scholars have started studying the dynamics of global regulation. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the contribution to this interdisciplinary field by the âStockholm Centre for Organisational Researchâ. The latterâs key proposition is that while global regulation often consists of voluntary best practice rules it can nevertheless become highly influential under certain conditions. We assess how innovative this approach is using as a benchmark the state of the art in another field of relevance to the study of global regulation, i.e. âInternational Relationsâ. Our discussion is primarily theoretical but we draw on the case of global anti-money laundering regulation to illustrate our arguments and for inspirations of how to further elaborate the approach
Strong electronic correlations in superconducting organic charge transfer salts
We review the role of strong electronic correlations in
quasi--two-dimensional organic charge transfer salts such as (BEDT-TTF),
(BETS) and -[Pd(dmit)]. We begin by defining minimal
models for these materials. It is necessary to identify two classes of
material: the first class is strongly dimerised and is described by a
half-filled Hubbard model; the second class is not strongly dimerised and is
described by a quarter filled extended Hubbard model. We argue that these
models capture the essential physics of these materials. We explore the phase
diagram of the half-filled quasi--two-dimensional organic charge transfer
salts, focusing on the metallic and superconducting phases. We review work
showing that the metallic phase, which has both Fermi liquid and `bad metal'
regimes, is described both quantitatively and qualitatively by dynamical mean
field theory (DMFT). The phenomenology of the superconducting state is still a
matter of contention. We critically review the experimental situation, focusing
on the key experimental results that may distinguish between rival theories of
superconductivity, particularly probes of the pairing symmetry and measurements
of the superfluid stiffness. We then discuss some strongly correlated theories
of superconductivity, in particular, the resonating valence bond (RVB) theory
of superconductivity. We conclude by discussing some of the major challenges
currently facing the field.Comment: A review: 52 pages; 10 fig
"Ordinary, the same as anywhere else": notes on the management of spoiled identity in 'marginal' middle class neighbourhoods
Urban sociologists are becoming increasingly interested in neighbourhood as a source of middle-class identity. Particular emphasis is currently being given to two types of middle-class neighbourhood; gentrified urban neighbourhoods of âdistinctionâ and inconspicuous âsuburban landscapes of privilegeâ. However, there has been a dearth of work on âmarginalâ middle-class neighbourhoods that are similarly âinconspicuousâ rather than distinctive, but less exclusive, thus containing sources of âspoiled identityâ. This article draws on data gathered from two âmarginalâ middleclass neighbourhoods that contained a particular source of âspoiled identityâ: social renters. Urban sociological analyses of neighbour responses to these situations highlight a process of dis-identification with the maligned object, which exacerbates neighbour differences. Our analysis of data from the âmarginalâ middle-class neighbourhoods suggests something entirely different and Goffmanesque. This entailed the management of spoiled identity, which emphasized similarities rather than differences between neighbours.</p
Aspects of Nucleon Compton Scattering
We consider the spin-averaged nucleon forward Compton scattering amplitude in
heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory including all terms to order . The chiral prediction for the spin-averaged forward Compton scattering
amplitude is in good agreement with the data for photon energies MeV. We also evaluate the nucleon electric and magnetic Compton
polarizabilities to this order and discuss the uncertainties of the various
counter terms entering the chiral expansion of these quantities.Comment: 17 pp, TeX, 7 figures available from the authors, preprint CRN-93/5
Emil und die Detektive: Early German sound cinema aesthetic
In 1931 Gerhard Lamprecht directed the film version of Erich Kaestner's popular novel Emil und die Detektive. A hugely successful fil
Ni-Containing 54-Tungsto-6-Silicate: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic and Electrochemical Studies
The 36-Ni-containing 54-tungsto-6-silicate, [Ni(OH)(HO)(SiWO)] (Ni) was synthesized by a simple one-pot reaction of the Ni-pivalate complex [Ni(ÎŒ-OH)(OCCMe)(HOCCMe)] with the trilacunary [SiWO] polyanion precursor in water and structurally characterized by a multitude of physicochemical techniques including single-crystal XRD, FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, magnetic and electrochemical studies. Polyanion Ni comprises six equivalent {NiSiW} units which are linked by NiâOâW bridges forming a macrocyclic assembly. Magnetic studies demonstrate that the {Ni} building blocks in Ni remain magnetically intact while forming a hexagonal ring with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between adjacent {Ni6} units. Electrochemical studies indicate that the first reduction is reversible and associated with the WVI/V couple, whereas the second reduction is irreversible attributed to the Ni couple
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