Globalisation and unemployment: Panel data evidence from South American republics

South American republics have taken substantial steps towards liberalising trade and capital flows since the late-1980s. Coincidentally, the unemployment rate in this region has increased during this period. This phenomenon has led many researchers to conclude that globalisation failed to deliver higher employment in these countries. This article examines whether this is true by focusing on a panel of nine South American republics. The evidence presented suggests that rising imports are behind some of the increment in the unemployment rate in these nations. However, other variables associated with globalisation (exports, FDI, and other capital inflows) are found to have an insignificant effect on the unemployment rate

Análise de episódios de ensino : articulando os discursos teórico e prático na formação de professores

O presente trabalho apresenta a estrutura de uma disciplina de prática de ensino que está fundamentada na matriz sociocultural. A ação mediada é sugerida na disciplina como uma construção teórica que permite desenvolver um modelo de organização do ensino, no qual o professor se oriente para planejar suas aulas. O modelo topológico de ensino é uma ferramenta metodológica derivada da teoria da ação mediada que julgamos capaz de subsidiar a organização do ensino no cotidiano da sala de aula e em diferentes estágios da vida escolar. Para caracterizar o domínio e apropriação das diferentes ferramentas culturais utilizadas pelos professores, quando esses planejam e analisam as sequências de ensino, coletamos dados em questionários, registro audiovisual das aulas e relatórios individuais. Dados de resposta a um questionário são apresentados e analisados neste trabalho

An evaluation of the performance of the Dynamiker® Fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Assay to 2 assist in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) can be caused by a range of pathogens. Conventional diagnosis has the capacity to detect most causes of IFD, but poor performance limits impact. The introduction of non-culture diagnostics, including the detection of (1-3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG), has shown promising performance for the detection of IFD in variety of clinical settings. Recently, the Dynamiker® Fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan assay (D-BDG) was released as an IFD diagnostic test. This article describes an evaluation of the D-BDG assay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA), invasive candidiasis (IC) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) across several high-risk patient cohorts and provides comparative data with the Associates of Cape Cod Fungitell® and BioRad Platelia™ Aspergillus Ag (GM) assays. There were 163 serum samples from 121 patients tested, from 21 probable IA cases, 28 proven IC cases, six probable PCP cases, one probable IFD case, 14 possible IFD cases and 64 control patients. For proven/probable IFD the mean BDG concentration was 209pg/ml, significantly greater than the control population (73pg/ml; P: <.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio for proven/probable IFD was 81.4%, 78.1%, and 15.5, respectively. Significant BDG false positivity (9/13) was associated post abdominal surgery. D-BDG showed fair and good agreement with the Fungitell®, and GM assays, respectively. In conclusion, the D-BDG provides a useful adjunct test to aid the diagnosis of IFD, with technical flexibility that will assist laboratories processing low sample numbers. Further, large scale, prospective evaluation is required to confirm the clinical validity and determine clinical utility

Opioids, sex and gender

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Sexo é um fator importante na modulação da experiência dolorosa. Evidências significativas têm demonstrado que a experiência à dor difere entre homens e mulheres, bem como na resposta à ativação do sistema opioide e seus efeitos analgésicos. Há evidências que as mulheres têm menor limiar que os homens para alguns estímulos álgicos. Os neurotransmissores opioides e seus receptores estão centralmente envolvidos na resposta ao estresse, na supressão à dor e na ação dos analgésicos opioides. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre sexo, gênero e sistema opioide e discutir a relevância de um dos aspectos mais intrigantes da fisiologia da dor: a presença da diferença entre sexo e gênero, sistema opioide e as respostas da analgesia por opioides. CONTEÚDO: Uma revisão da literatura sobre opioides, sexo e gênero, cujo objetivo foi mostrar dados atuais sobre a experiência dolorosa entre homens e mulheres, a ativação opioide central e a resposta aos analgésicos opioides. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados disponíveis na literatura, e os trabalhos em andamento indicam que o sexo provavelmente seja responsável pelas diferenças à analgesia opioide em homens e mulheres, mas a direção e a magnitude destas diferenças dependem de variáveis que se interagem. Como fatores importantes que interagem na percepção dolorosa e na resposta analgésica opioide, devem ser levados em consideração os fatores socioculturais e biológicos, incluindo as variações hormonais em mulheres e a presença do hormônio masculino nos homens.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sex is a major factor for pain modulation. Significant evidences have shown that pain experience is different between men and women, as well as the response to opioid system activation and its analgesic effects. There are evidences that women have lower pain threshold compared to men. Opioid neurotransmitters and their receptors are centrally involved with stress response, pain suppression and opioids analgesic action. This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between sex, gender and the opioid system and to discuss the relevance of one of the most intriguing aspects of pain physiology: differences between sex and gender, opioid system and opioids analgesic response. CONTENTS: A literature review on opioids, sex and gender, aiming to show current data on pain experience between men and women, central opioid activation and response to opioids. CONCLUSION: Data in the literature and ongoing studies indicate that sex is probably responsible for differences in opioid analgesia between men and women, but the direction and magnitude of such differences depend on interacting variables. Socio-cultural and biological factors, including hormonal variations in women and the presence of male hormone in men are important factors interacting with pain perception and opioid analgesic response

Solución de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de primer orden mediante el metodo de los grupos de lie

En este artículo se aplica el método de los grupos de Lie para hallar la solución de varias ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de primer orden, haciendo uso de las coordenadas canónicas y del factor integrante de Lie

Solución de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de primer orden mediante el metodo de los grupos de lie

En este artículo se aplica el método de los grupos de Lie para hallar la solución de varias ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de primer orden, haciendo uso de las coordenadas canónicas y del factor integrante de Lie

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content on a Sodic Soil Treated with Bio-waste

The use of bio-wastes in agriculture contributes to the conservation of natural resources by reciclyng carbon and mineral elements. This investigation evaluated the variation of the content of heaby metals in souls affected by sodicity, on which alternating doses of bio-wastes were applied: vinasse, composted swinte manure an sewage sludge forma a wastewater treatment plant. Ten treatments with three doses were implemented for each bio-waste treatment in addition to the control treatment. During the investigationm two applications of bio-wastes were performed with a temporal spacing of two months and three samples were taken: the first one corresponding to the initialcondition of the area without the application of bio-wastes, and the remaining two samples were taken on the first and seventeenth month respectively after the application of bio-wastes. The results indicated a low intake of heaby metals on the soil in the three evaluations that were carried out. However, the use of these residues in agriculture requires specific recommendations for each agro-climatic condition to preven environmental damage

Dificultades que aparecen en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la matemática al pasar del bachillerato a la universidad

En este artículo se realizan algunas reflexiones sobre el proceso de enseñanzaaprendizaje de la matemática en el primer semestre de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Se socializan algunos de los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación “Análisis de la mortalidad académica en la asignatura matemáticas I en la universidad Tecnológica de Pereira” y se da a conocer una propuesta denominada “Plan de preparación para la vida universitaria, PPVU”, con la cual se pretende preparar a los estudiantes para afrontar con éxito su vida universitaria