Effects of two fractions of swietenia macrophylla and catechin on muscle damage induced by bothrops venom and PLA(2)

Plant natural products can attenuate the myonecrosis caused by Bothrops snake venom and their phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)). In this study, we evaluated the effects of two fractions (F4 and F6) from Swietenia macrophylla and purified catechin on the muscle damage caused by a myotoxic PLA(2) from Colombian Bothrops asper venom (BaColPLA(2)) in mice and by Bothrops marmoratus venom from Brazil in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle (PND) preparations in vitro. Male mice were injected with PLA(2) (50 mu g) in the absence or presence of F4, F6, and catechin, in the gastrocnemius muscle and then killed 3, 7, 14, and 28 h later for histopathological analysis of myonecrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the presence of collagen. Fractions F4 and F6 (500 mu g) and catechin (90 mu g) significantly reduced the extent of necrosis at all-time intervals. These two fractions and catechin also attenuated the leukocyte infiltration on day 3, as did catechin on day 14. There was medium-to-moderate collagen deposition in all groups up to day 7, but greater deposition on days 14 and 28 in the presence of F6 and catechin. Bothrops marmoratus venom (100 mu g/mL) caused slight (25%) muscle facilitation after 10 min and weak neuromuscular blockade (64% decrease in contractile activity after a 120-min incubation). Pre-incubation of venom with F4 or F6 abolished the facilitation, whereas catechin, which was itself facilitatory, did not. All three fractions attenuated the venom-induced decrease in muscle contractions. These findings indicate that fractions and catechin from S. macrophylla can reduce the muscle damage caused by Bothrops venom and PLA(2). These fractions or their components could be useful for treating venom-induced local damage11

Genomic profiling of uterine aspirates and cfDNA as an integrative liquid biopsy strategy in endometrial cancer

The incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) have risen in recent years, hence more precise management is needed. Therefore, wecombined di erent types of liquid biopsies to better characterize the genetic landscape of EC in a non-invasive and dynamic manner. Uterine aspirates (UAs) from 60 patients with EC were obtained during surgery and analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Blood samples, collected at surgery, were used for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analyses. Finally, personalized therapies were tested in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) generated from the UAs. NGS analyses revealed the presence of genetic alterations in 93% of the tumors. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was present in 41.2% of cases, mainly in patients with high-risk tumors, thus indicating a clear association with a more aggressive disease. Accordingly, the results obtained during the post-surgery follow-up indicated the presence of ctDNA in three patients with progressive disease. Moreover, 38.9% of patients were positive for CTCs at surgery. Finally, the e cacy of targeted therapies based on the UA-specific mutational landscape was demonstrated in PDX models. Our study indicates the potential clinical applicability of a personalized strategy based on a combination of different liquid biopsies to characterize and monitor tumor evolution, and to identify targeted therapiesThis work was supported by grants and support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and FEDER (PI17/01919, PI17/02071), CIBERONC (CB16/12/00328), and the AECC (Grupos Estables de Investigacion 2018-AECC) to A.G.-M. and M.A.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and FEDER (PI16/00134), CIBERONC (CB16/12/00295), and the AECC (Grupos Estables de Investigacion 2018-AECC) to G.M.-B.; and the AECC to L.M.-R

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento para el accidente ofídico en perros y gatos

Annually, around 5,400,000 snakebites occur worldwide, 50% of which produce poisoning, and 2.5% of which result in death. In Latin America, 150,000 snakebites and 5,000 deaths are estimated for this cause. In Colombia, according to the National System for Public Health Surveillance (SIVIGILA, for its initials in Spanish), approximately 5064 accidents occurred in 2013. The snakes that are usually involved are those belonging to the genera Bothrops, Lachesis and Micrurus. This situation extends to veterinary medicine, since both production and companion animals are victims of snakebites in the entire world. While there is data on snakebites in small animals in different countries, there is little information related to this matter in Colombia. In this literature review, epidemiological data on snakebites on pets in Africa, Australia, some countries in Europe, in the United States and in some countries in South America are described. Similarly, the main species of snakes involved in such accidents are described, as well as the general poisoning conditions and some considerations regarding current treatments.Anualmente no mundo todo se apresentam ao redor de 5.400.000 acidentes ofídicos, em 50 % dos quais se produz envenenamento, e em 2,5 %, a morte. Para a América Latina se estimam 150.000 acidentes ofídicos, e a morte de 5000 pessoas por esta causa. Na Colômbia, segundo os dados do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde Pública (Sivigila), em 2013 se apresentaram aproximadamente 5064 acidentes. As principais serpentes envolvidas são as pertencentes aos gêneros Bothrops, Lachesis e Micrurus. Esta situação se estende até a medicina veterinária, já que, tanto animais de produção quanto de companhia são vítimas de mordidas de serpente no âmbito mundial. Se bem é verdade que existem dados sobre acidentes ofídicos em pequenos animais em diferentes países do mundo, a informação ao respeito na Colômbia é muito pouca. Nesta revisão de literatura se descrevem dados epidemiológicos sobre o acidente ofídico em mascotes na África, Austrália, em alguns países da Europa, nos Estados Unidos e em alguns países da América do Sul. Igualmente, se descrevem as principais espécies de serpentes envolvidas em tais acidentes, as características gerais dos quadros de envenenamento e algumas considerações em quanto aos tratamentos atuais.Anualmente en el mundo se presentan alrededor de 5.400.000 accidentes ofídicos, en el 50 % de los cuales se produce envenenamiento, y en el 2,5 %, la muerte. Para Latinoamérica se estiman 150.000 accidentes ofídicos, y la muerte de 5000 personas por esta causa. En Colombia, según datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila), en 2013 se presentaron cerca de 5064 accidentes. Las principales serpientes involucradas son las pertenecientes a los géneros Bothrops, Lachesis y Micrurus. Esta situación se extiende hasta la medicina veterinaria, pues tanto animales de producción como de compañía son víctimas de mordeduras de serpiente en el ámbito mundial. Si bien existen datos sobre accidentes ofídicos en pequeños animales en diferentes países del mundo, la información al respecto en Colombia es muy poca. En esta revisión de literatura se describen datos epidemiológicos sobre el accidente ofídico en mascotas en África, Australia, algunos países de Europa, Estados Unidos y algunos países de Suramérica. Igualmente, se describen las principales especies de serpientes involucradas en tales accidentes, las características generales de los cuadros de envenenamiento y algunas consideraciones en cuanto a los tratamientos actuales

Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de tratamiento para el accidente ofídico en perros y gatos

Anualmente en el mundo se presentan alrededor de 5.400.000 accidentes ofídicos, en el 50 % de los cuales se produce envenenamiento, y en el 2,5 %, la muerte. Para Latinoamérica se estiman 150.000 accidentes ofídicos, y la muerte de 5000 personas por esta causa. En Colombia, según datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila), en 2013 se presentaron cerca de 5064 accidentes. Las principales serpientes involucradas son las pertenecientes a los géneros Bothrops, Lachesis y Micrurus. Esta situación se extiende hasta la medicina veterinaria, pues tanto animales de producción como de compañía son víctimas de mordeduras de serpiente en el ámbito mundial. Si bien existen datos sobre accidentes ofídicos en pequeños animales en diferentes países del mundo, la información al respecto en Colombia es muy poca. En esta revisión de literatura se describen datos epidemiológicos sobre el accidente ofídico en mascotas en África, Australia, algunos países de Europa, Estados Unidos y algunos países de Suramérica. Igualmente, se describen las principales especies de serpientes involucradas en tales accidentes, las características generales de los cuadros de envenenamiento y algunas consideraciones en cuanto a los tratamientos actuales

Epidemiological, Clinical and Treatment Aspects Related to Snakebites in Dogs and Cats

Annually, around 5,400,000 snakebites occur worldwide, 50% of which produce poisoning, and 2.5% of which result in death. In Latin America, 150,000 snakebites and 5,000 deaths are estimated for this cause. In Colombia, according to the National System for Public Health Surveillance (SIVIGILA, for its initials in Spanish), approximately 5064 accidents occurred in 2013. The snakes that are usually involved are those belonging to the genera Bothrops, Lachesis and Micrurus. This situation extends to veterinary medicine, since both production and companion animals are victims of snakebites in the entire world. While there is data on snakebites in small animals in different countries, there is little information related to this matter in Colombia. In this literature review, epidemiological data on snakebites on pets in Africa, Australia, some countries in Europe, in the United States and in some countries in South America are described. Similarly, the main species of snakes involved in such accidents are described, as well as the general poisoning conditions and some considerations regarding current treatments

Valores hematológicos pre y postejercicio por sexo y por edad en caninos que practican agility en Antioquia

El objetivo del estudio es describir variables hematológicas pre y postejercicio en caninos practicantes de agility, y el efecto de factores como el sexo y la edad sobre estos parámetros. Se muestrearon 40 caninos durante el 2012 de cualquier sexo y edad, con mínimo seis meses de práctica en Antioquia. Se tomó una muestra de sangre venosa en tres momentos: en reposo, inmediatamente culminado el ejercicio y 30 min después del ejercicio. En Statgraphics versión 15.0 se empleó análisis de varianza con tres factores (sexo, edad y momento de toma de la muestra) para evaluar su efecto sobre la línea roja, blanca y plaquetas. El nivel de confianza fue del 95 %, y se empleó el procedimiento de comparaciones múltiples (diferencia mínima significativa). Los eritrocitos y el volumen corpuscular medio presentaron diferencias significativas (p \u3c 05) para cada una de las interacciones (sexo y edad en cada uno de los tres momentos). La hemoglobina no presentó diferencias significativas en ninguno de los factores e interacciones evaluadas. El recuento leucocitario en las diferentes edades mostró diferencias significativas (p \u3c 05). Los neutrófilos y linfocitos presentaron diferencias significativas entre las distintas edades (p \u3c 05) y los eosinófilos no presentaron diferencias significativas respecto a las variables del estudio. Las variaciones hematológicas postejercicio se deben a predominio simpático y liberación de catecolaminas, las cuales estimulan esplenocontracción y liberación de eritrocitos del bazo. En la línea blanca, la liberación de epinefrina en respuesta a miedo, excitación o ejercicio súbito es la responsable de la leucocitosis y neutrofilia fisiológica

Acetogeninas, alternativa en el tratamiento de cáncer en caninos

Cancer is a disease that alter cellular processes, like cell metabolism, activation and deactivation of genes and uncontrolled growth. It is one of the main causes of death in humans, as well as in companion animals, which is why it is increasingly important to seek and develop medicines for the treatment. Some of the drugs that are produced to treat cancer come from plants, such as taxol and vincristine. The necessity to expand the use of natural products to treat this disease, not only in humans but also in companion animals such as dogs, opens the doors to seek biological activity of plants that are commonly used because they present some effect over the disease. This is the case of soursop (Annona muricata), from which secondary metabolites (acetogenins) have been extracted and have presented in vitro greater toxicity in cancer cell lines compared to normal cell lines. Therefore, this review was carried out in order to make an approximation of the uses of these metabolites in cancer, for which a search was carried out in PubMed with different key words and it was concluded that acetogenins comprise a potential source for the development of medicines against cancer.O câncer é uma doença que envolve a alteração de processos celulares, como o metabolismo celular, ativação ou silenciamento de genes e o crescimento descontrolado. É uma das principais causas de morte em humanos, assim como em animais de companhia, para os quais a busca e o desenvolvimento de medicamentos são cada vez mais importantes. Algumas das drogas que são produzidas para tratar o câncer são derivadas de plantas, como o taxol e a vincristina. A necessidade de ampliar o uso de produtos naturais para tratar esta doença, não somente em humanos, mas em animais de companhia, como cães, abre as portas para a busca da atividade biológica de plantas que são popularmente usadas para causar algum efeito na doença. Este é o caso da graviola (Annona muricata), da qual se extraíram os metabólitos secundários (acetogeninas), que apresentam maior toxicidade in vitro nas linhagens de células cancerígenas do que nas linhagens normais. O objetivo desta revisão foi fazer uma aproximação dos usos desses metabólitos no câncer, para os quais foi feita uma pesquisa em PubMed com palavras-chave diferentes e concluiu-se que as acetogeninas constituem uma fonte potencial para o desenvolvimento de drogas anti-câncer.El cáncer es una enfermedad que implica la alteración de procesos celulares, como metabolismo celular, activación o silenciamiento de genes y crecimiento descontrolado. Es una las principales causas de muerte en humanos, así como en animales de compañía, por lo cual cada vez es más importante la búsqueda y desarrollo de medicamentos. Algunos de los medicamentos que se producen para tratar el cáncer, provienen de plantas, como el taxol y la vincristina. La necesidad de ampliar el uso de productos naturales para tratar esta enfermedad, no solo en humanos sino en animales de compañía como caninos, abre las puertas a la búsqueda de actividad biológica de plantas que son usadas popularmente por presentar algún efecto con la enfermedad. Este es el caso de la guanábana (Annona muricata), de la cual se han extraído metabolitos secundarios (acetogeninas) que presentan in vitro mayor toxicidad en líneas celulares cancerígenas comparadas con líneas celulares normales. El fin de esta revisión fue realizar una aproximación de los usos de estos metabolitos en cáncer, para ello fue hecha una búsqueda en PubMed con diferentes palabras claves y se concluyó, que las acetogeninas comprenden una fuente potencial para el desarrollo de medicamentos contra el cáncer