Above the Law: The Prosecutor\u27s Duty to Seek Justice and the Performance of Substantial Assistance Agreements

We study the gravitational-wave (GW) signatures of clouds of ultralight bosons around black holes (BHs) in binary inspirals. These clouds, which are formed via superradiance instabilities for rapidly rotating BHs, produce distinct effects in the population of BH masses and spins, and, for real fields, a continuous monochromatic GW signal. We show that the presence of a binary companion greatly enriches the dynamical evolution of the system, most remarkably through the existence of resonant transitions between the growing and decaying modes of the cloud (analogous to Rabi oscillations in atomic physics). These resonances have rich phenomenological implications for current and future GW detectors. Notably, the amplitude of the GW signal from the clouds may be reduced, and in many cases terminated, much before the binary merger. The presence of a boson cloud can also be revealed in the GW signal from the binary through the imprint of finite-size effects, such as spin-induced multipole moments and tidal Love numbers. The time dependence of the cloud's energy density during the resonance leads to a sharp feature, or at least attenuation, in the contribution from the finite-size terms to the waveforms. The observation of these effects would constrain the properties of putative ultralight bosons through precision GW data, offering new probes of physics beyond the Standard Model

Spin induced multipole moments for the gravitational wave flux from binary inspirals to third Post-Newtonian order

Using effective field theory techniques we calculate the source multipole moments needed to obtain the spin contributions to the power radiated in gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries to third Post-Newtonian order (3PN). The multipoles depend linearly and quadratically on the spins and include both spin(1)spin(2) and spin(1)spin(1) components. The results in this paper provide the last missing ingredient required to determine the phase evolution to 3PN including all spin effects which we will report in a separate paper.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figures. Published versio

Randomized benchmarking of atomic qubits in an optical lattice

We perform randomized benchmarking on neutral atomic quantum bits (qubits) confined in an optical lattice. Single qubit gates are implemented using microwaves, resulting in a measured error per randomized computational gate of 1.4(1) x 10^-4 that is dominated by the system T2 relaxation time. The results demonstrate the robustness of the system, and its viability for more advanced quantum information protocols.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

A multi-photon magneto-optical trap

We demonstrate a Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) configuration which employs optical forces due to light scattering between electronically excited states of the atom. With the standard MOT laser beams propagating along the {\it x}- and {\it y}- directions, the laser beams along the {\it z}-direction are at a different wavelength that couples two sets of {\it excited} states. We demonstrate efficient cooling and trapping of cesium atoms in a vapor cell and sub-Doppler cooling on both the red and blue sides of the two-photon resonance. The technique demonstrated in this work may have applications in background-free detection of trapped atoms, and in assisting laser-cooling and trapping of certain atomic species that require cooling lasers at inconvenient wavelengths.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Produtividade e valor nutritivo das frações forrageiras da erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia) irrigada com quatro diferentes volumes de efluentes da criação de tilápia em água salobra.

Avaliou-se a produtividade e o valor nutritivo da erva sal cultivada sob irrigação de quatro volumes de efluentes oriundos de viveiros de criação de tilápia (Oreochromis sp.), cuja salinidade média durante o cultivo foi de 8,29 dS m-l. O delíneamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatrO tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos de 75, 150, 225 e 300 litros de efluente por planta foram aplicados semanalmente. Os diferentes volumes de água influenciaram a produtividade de matéria seca, mas não influenciaram a composição químico-bromatológica e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca em qualquer dos componentes da planta. Os teores de minerais (MM) mostraram-se elevados nas folhas, requerendo assim, cuidados com dietas contendo alta proporção de folhas de erva sal, a ponto de não permitir que teores elevados de sais sejam comprometedores do consumo animal. O teor de proteína bruta e digestibilidade ín vítro da matéria seca médio dos tratamentos para as folhas foi de 15,1 e 67,9%, respectivamente. Ramos e Caules apresentaram elevados teores de FDN e FDA e baixos valores de DIVMS. Independente do nível de água aplicado, a erva sal mostrou características forrageiras desejável, que podem ainda ser melhoradas com práticas de manejo voltadas para tal fim

Differential Light Shift Cancellation in a Magnetic-Field-Insensitive Transition of 87^{87}Rb

We demonstrate near-complete cancellation of the differential light shift of a two-photon magnetic-field-insensitive microwave hyperfine (clock) transition in $^{87}$Rb atoms trapped in an optical lattice. Up to $95(2)$ of the differential light shift is canceled while maintaining magnetic-field insensitivity. This technique should have applications in quantum information and frequency metrology.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Conditional probabilities with Dirac observables and the problem of time in quantum gravity

We combine the "evolving constants" approach to the construction of observables in canonical quantum gravity with the Page--Wootters formulation of quantum mechanics with a relational time for generally covariant systems. This overcomes the objections levied by Kucha\v{r} against the latter formalism. The construction is formulated entirely in terms of Dirac observables, avoiding in all cases the physical observation of quantities that do not belong in the physical Hilbert space. We work out explicitly the example of the parameterized particle, including the calculation of the propagator. The resulting theory also predicts a fundamental mechanism of decoherence.Comment: 4 pages, no figures, RevTe